Basic and Reduced Adverb Clauses in English Basic English Grammar

is going to have lots of example

sentences

and we’re going to see a lot of example

uh kind of

expressions that we need to use in order

to make today’s grammar

so let’s take a look this is today’s

flow

we’re going to go

an adverb clause what is an adverb

clause so that’s today’s

key grammar point what is an adverb

clause

we’re also going to talk about

subordinating conjunctions another key

grammar point for today

point two types of adverb clause so this

is going to be

your big practice point for today and

then finally we’re going to talk about

reduced adverb clauses how to make the

short version so this is a lot to cover

so we’re going to continue uh

pretty quickly or we’ll go very smoothly

through today’s topics i hope so

uh throughout today’s lesson oh cool

throughout today’s lesson

please send me your example sentences i

will try to check them in real

time okay hi youtube i see lots of you

are there on youtube now welcome

everybody juan

conway uh eman hello everybody thanks

for joining us

okay let’s begin now that everybody is

here

fantastic okay so let’s first begin

by looking at uh just a definition

what is today’s grammar point what is

an adverb clause you might also see

uh adverbial clause as well uh these

have

people write two different names for

this grammar point sometimes

okay so what is an adverb clause

an adverb clause is a group of words

that is used like an adverb

a group of words that is used like an

adverb what is an adverb

an adverb is a word like quickly

or slowly for example it tells us

how we do something like the manner in

which we do something

or maybe like the reason so adverbs give

us like

more information more detail about uh

uh like a verb they tell us uh some

extra information

adverb clauses have a subject and

a verb subject and a verb so we need

both of those parts

then key point for today’s lesson

and a key vocabulary key vocabulary word

for today’s

for today’s lesson adverb clauses

they begin with a subordinating

conjunction a subordinating conjunction

this is a key word so let’s talk about

it for today’s lesson

what is a subordinating conjunction but

first what’s a conjunction

maybe you remember a conjunction is a

connecting word

so for example we have words like and

or but those words are conjunctions

we use those little words to connect our

ideas

together in sentences right so main idea

and main idea maybe we connect with

conjunctions those are connecting

words so a subordinating conjunction

is a type of conjunction it’s a

type of connecting word so what’s the

difference between a subordinating

conjunction and a regular conjunction

a subordinating conjunction connects a

dependent or a subordinate clause

to an independent clause so what does

that mean that sounds like a big word

right

so a subordinating clause subordinating

you can think of this as

a dependent clause is part of the

sentence

that needs some other part of the

sentence

in order to make sense so a

subordinating clause

cannot be by itself it needs other

information

so we connect a subordinate clause

i’ll show you some examples in a moment

we connect a subordinate clause to an

independent clause

with a subordinating conjunction

so you can think of these words these

expressions like words that connect

our kind of smaller ideas or our

dependent

ideas two are main ideas these are

called subordinating conjunctions they

are very important

for today’s lesson and for this grammar

point okay

so let’s look at types

of subordinating conjunctions these

types of

connecting words okay yeah lots of

somebody says a counter tenor says

conjunction junction is a schoolhouse

rock song yeah

conjunction junction uh is a song a

grammar song all about conjunctions here

i’ll bump up the volume some people are

commenting it’s a little quiet

okay so i have here

six different types or six

different categories of subordinating

conjunction

so that means each category

is used to connect our

subordinating clause or subordinate

clause to our

independent clause and it it gives us a

different type of information

so when we want to express a place

we can use these subordinating

conjunctions

where everywhere anywhere

wherever so probably you know some of

these words yeah

today we’re going to practice using

these to connect

to other words or to other expressions

when we use a time subordinating

conjunction there’s a big list of words

we use

these are a very very common use or very

very common

conjunctions we use to connect

expressions so

once or since when or while

whenever so you see wherever is here for

place

whenever for time until

after before by the time

so this is time

time related expressions

contrast so contrast that means when we

use these subordinating conjunctions

we are expressing like the opposite of

something or we want to show a key

difference between two conditions maybe

so the conjunctions for this category

are though while

although even though and

whereas whereas whereas is maybe a

little more

formal some of you might know whereas

okay this group we have condition

condition so when we want to express a

condition we use these subordinating

conjunctions

we’ve practiced this a lot on this

channel especially

if and like only if so if i go to the

park later

for example is a condition we’re

expressing a condition

with these subordinating conjunctions so

we can use

if only if unless

in case even if

we use these to express conditions

the next category is reason reason so we

use these to express

a reason for something because

since now that

and as are in this group and the last

group for today

is comparison so sometimes we use these

expressions

to make comparisons between two things

we use then like he is taller than me

so then that’s that use of van to make a

comparison

and as something something as like

she likes rock music as much as

she likes pop music so that’s the as as

pattern so this forms this is the base

this is the foundation

for today’s lesson these categories you

don’t have to remember

all of the words right now but this

is important for your studies to make

sure you are

matching your subordinating conjunction

to the type

of information you want to express we’re

going to use this

in part two for today’s lesson

okay so let’s take a quick break and

don’t worry i’ll show you

a picture of this so you can take a

picture for your studies too so

this is part one for today’s lesson on

adverb clauses i’ll put that down here

okay so i’m looking for your questions i

see lots of people still saying hello

welcome everybody thank you very much

for joining us

um i don’t see any questions on facebook

either hello to everybody saying hi on

facebook welcome welcome okay

quickly then we’ll take one short break

uh if you missed it earlier

i showed you as always we have free

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um here i’ll show you this one uh so

today’s lesson is about adverb clauses

it’s a

it’s a grammar point and especially

useful in writing

as we’ll talk about later so that means

you can use today’s grammar point

with every topic so it’s really really

helpful

to understand how to use it

here are a couple of topics that most

people like

so food this says dining but it’s really

about food

and this is singing but it’s about music

on the back of these you can find

expressions

so let’s see i can’t see backwards so

here we go

compliments on the back of this food one

so

you can use today’s grammar point to

make

uh expressions deeper so instead of just

saying like a simple

main statement you can use you can put

today’s grammar point together with some

of the

types of expressions on these to make

deeper expressions so check out a topic

you are interested in pick up a few

expressions and see if you can use

today’s grammar point there are so many

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all right let’s continue on if you are

just joining

today this week our topic uh is adverb

clauses

and how to reduce them i just covered

part one

of today’s lesson the goal for this

week’s lesson

is to give you some tips to improve your

writing i decided to make september

about writing improvement so this is the

first lesson

for that okay i’ll show you today’s

lesson boards again

because i know there’s a lot of

information yeah

okay we just talked about this what is

an adverb clause

now we’re going to talk about types of

adverb clause

in this part in part two we’re going to

use the

same category so you can see right here

this column says type we’re going to use

the same

categories i talked about in part one

to make our example sentences so let’s

go okay also if you have not please make

sure to like and share

this lesson so that other people can

find it i hope lots of people

can benefit from today’s lesson okay

so let’s move to part two

types of adverb clause types of adverb

clause

so as i said here this part type

this is the same group the same list of

categories

i showed you in part one of today’s

lesson

we have place time contrast

reason condition and comparison so these

are the same

here we have question so that means what

kind of

question or what question do we want to

answer

with our clause this will become more

clear

in just a moment so i have an example

sentence

for each type so that you can see what’s

happening in the sentence

and so we can break down the independent

clause

and the subordinate clause that i talked

about at the beginning of the lesson

i’m going to try to speak very slowly

because it’s a lot of information

so let’s begin with the first example

the first example

is a place type adverb clause

so our adverb clause gives us

information

about where something happened or

happens

let’s look at the example sentence here

everywhere i go

i see advertisements everywhere i go

i see advertisements okay here

my adverb clause is everywhere i go

everywhere i go we learned in part one

we begin our adverb clause with

a subordinating conjunction in this

sentence

everywhere is the subordinating

conjunction so

it answers this question where where

everywhere

so everywhere i go i see advertisements

so what’s the relationship between this

and this

everywhere i go is the subordinate

clause

that means it’s the dependent clause if

we see a sentence like this if we see

oh this is hard if we see just oh sorry

it’s really hard to do

if we see just everywhere i go it

doesn’t make sense

we need some extra information to finish

the sentence i see advertisements

is an independent clause it needs no

information

no extra information so we connect the

two

like this so subordinate clause

independent clause

also a writing tip for everybody today

this comma right here you will see uh in

many sentences in the rest of today’s

lesson

you can place your adverb clause at the

beginning of the sentence

like here or you can place it at the end

of the sentence

so for example i see advertisements

everywhere i go

if your subordinate clause is at the

beginning of the sentence

use a comma at the end if your

subordinate clause is at the end

of your sentence you do not need to use

a comma or rather

don’t use a comma don’t use a comma

there so

please use a comma at the end of your

subordinate clause

if it’s at the beginning of the sentence

okay we’ll review this throughout the

lesson

okay let’s go to the second one so let’s

look at the second type of adverb clause

time time so a time

type answers the question when

when did something happen so let’s look

at the apple

time first where is my subordinating

conjunction

right here by the time by the

time so i introduced this in part one of

today’s lesson by the time

by the time answers went so by the time

i arrived at the office comma

because this is at the beginning of my

sentence

the meeting had ended the meeting

had ended so i’m expressing two past

actions

one after another that’s why i’m using

this past perfect

tense here the meeting had ended this

action happened first

this action happened second i’ve talked

about this

in past episodes before so i won’t go in

depth

into this one okay some examples are

coming in great uh millie on facebook

says

everywhere i go i see a lot of cars good

make sure to use the plural everywhere i

go i see a lot of cars

uh yolanda says everywhere you go i

would like to go

that’s cute okay great job all right

let’s go to uh the next one

this one uh is contrast contrast so

contrast

by contrast i mean it’s like we’re

asking

what’s the opposite what’s the opposite

of this thing

let’s look at our example even though

we finished work on time

we were late getting to the theater

so getting to is a different way a

casual way to say

arrived we were late arriving to the

theater we relate

getting to the theater so subordinating

conjunction

even though even though so even though

we finished work on time this is like

saying

although or we could say though so

even though sounds a little more casual

though tends to sound a little more

formal so does like despite here like

despite finishing work on time

all of those are correct just slightly

different nuances

so even though we finished work on time

comma we were late

getting to the theater okay

a question came in mod al-jaan on

facebook i hope i said your name right

sorry

can i say by the time i arrived at the

office

the meeting was ended we can’t use end

it there you could say by the time i

arrived at the office

the meeting was over so over in that

case

uh is an adjective so meaning something

that is

finished but you cannot say was ended

you can say the meeting had ended that’s

correct

uh okay i don’t see other questions yet

isaiah has a great example

uh that uses this here in spite of the

heavy traffic

i arrived on time so great example that

was perfect

so contrast here i have opposite it’s

answering

it’s saying what’s the opposite so it’s

like

saying um there was this other condition

or this other situation

so this happened but even though or in

spite of or despite that

this other thing happened so we’re

showing contrast

there okay uh

all right let’s continue because there’s

a lot to cover still three more examples

to cover

reason reason so the reason type

expresses why for example

i can’t pay for lunch because i forgot

my wallet

i can’t pay for lunch because i forgot

my wallet so

in this one the subordinating clause is

or sorry

the subordinate clause is at the end of

the sentence yeah

here is my subordinating conjunction

because because this is my connecting

word

so because i forgot my wallet this

is my subordinate clause here’s my main

clause or independent clause i can’t pay

for lunch

i can’t pay for lunch why because i

forgot my wallet

again no comma here no comma here

because the subordinate clause is at the

end of the sentence

okay on to condition condition i talked

about this at the beginning of the

lesson

in what condition so again we use

if or only if or unless in these

patterns

for example if i don’t pass this

test i’m going to lose my scholarship

if i don’t pass this test i’m going to

lose my scholarship

so if if

is my subordinating conjunction here

this introduces

my uh dependent clause comma if i don’t

pass

this test comma i’m going to lose my

scholarship

okay so we’re expressing a condition

with this

um jamal on facebook says does even

though has the same meaning of even if

uh no even if uh

expresses uh so like to give an example

like even if i pass the test

i don’t know if i’ll get accepted to the

university so that means uh

in this in the condition that something

is true

i still don’t know something else even

though

we tend to use like in past tense it’s

like

despite a condition uh something else so

no they are not the same

good examples are coming cindy sms a

member hi there says i can’t learn

everything because i arrived late oh no

and make sure no comma cindy sms no

comma after that because your

subordinate clause is at the end of the

sentence yeah i can’t learn everything

no comma because i arrived late

all right um okay onward

uh comparison the last one time’s going

quick so i need to move along

comparison how is a

like b how is a like b so we want to

compare

two things for example she likes italian

food

as much as she likes

mexican food she likes italian food as

much as she likes mexican food

so here this right here as

as we use this pattern right here this

as much as

or like as many as and so on this is

their subordinating conjunction our

connecting expression

for comparison words so

these are all examples of the type of

adverb clause

so when you practice you can put

i’ll show you again put these this group

these things together with your example

sentences so think of the

question you want to answer

and choose the subordinating conjunction

accordingly

also a note here you may see slightly

different categories for

types of adverb clauses in your

textbooks or online

so depending on the resource you use you

might see slightly different categories

or slightly different groups

but this is a good guide i think okay

so this is part two for today’s lesson

the types

and a comma key comma point all right

let’s take one more short break and then

we’ll go to the last part

reducing adverb clauses i see some of

your questions are coming in

even though i didn’t study hard millie i

passed uh the next level maybe

even though i didn’t study hard okay um

ava says excuse me are in spite in spite

and

even though the same uh in spite of

something something like in spite of

um let’s see in spite of a hard day

i cooked dinner at home or even though i

had a hard day i cooked dinner at home

yes they communicate the same idea but

we need to make some changes to the

grammar so

i just said in spite of a hard day

or in spite of feeling tired something

like that

versus even though i had a hard day we

need to make some small changes to the

grammar

but they communicate the same idea

okay onward let’s go to the last part of

today’s lesson

also quickly if you didn’t check before

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okay continuing i’ll show you today’s

lesson boards again so that you can take

a screenshot

if you would like to keep this for your

studies so we practiced

or we learned adverb clauses what are

they

and subordinating conjunctions then we

learned types of adverb clause

here now we’re going to talk about

reduced

adverb clauses so this part i really

hope is helpful for

your writing how to like makes your

writing more efficient

okay let’s go also if you have not

please make sure to like and share this

video so other people can find today’s

lesson so

that would be super cool all right i

don’t see questions

so let’s go let’s go let’s go so

reduced adverb clauses reduced means

shorter

we make them shorter so they’re more

efficient a reduced adverb clause

is a short form of a basic adverb clause

so i just

introduced a few examples of just

regular adverb clauses yeah

reduced forms are a little more

efficient

so we don’t use as many words to make a

reduced adverb clause

couple very important points about this

only the subordinate clause changes

there is

no change to the independent clause so

remember

subordinate clause is that dependent

clause

the one that uses the connecting word

the conjunction yeah

so please don’t change your independent

clause

when you make a reduced adverb clause

then this type of change a reduced

adverb clause is a little

more common in writing especially formal

writing so if you’re writing a formal

letter or

a formal paper or something it’s perhaps

more common

and more efficient to use a reduced

adverb clause

it’s less common in speech although we

do use them

a lot like i know i use reduced adverb

clauses

in my speech for sure but you might see

them more commonly

in writing so i have

a general rule a general rule there are

some kinds of

special cases depending on the type

of adverb clause but here is a general

guide that you can use

it is subject plus

b so that means the be verb so was

or were for example subject the subject

and the verb

be can be omitted that means we can

remove it

if the subject in the subordinating

and the independent clause are

the same what does this mean

let’s look at an example yeah it’s kind

of confusing so let’s look at an example

here

while i was listening to music i cooked

while i was listening to music i cooked

so i said subject and be can be omitted

okay if this if the subject

in the subordinating right here and

independent

right here clause are the same so what

does that mean

the subject in this clause is i the

subject in this clause is i

yeah so that means we can remove this

guy

right here and this b verb these two can

go away

jamaica while listening to music i cook

that’s what this means so if this

subject

and this subject match you can remove

the subject

and be and this is a grammatical

sentence it’s a grammatically correct

sentence

okay i don’t see questions

let’s continue so you can send me your

examples of this i will try to check

live there’s a little bit of time

let’s go to this one i wanted to include

this one because because

topics are because examples are very

very common

so when you use because

you might see a pattern like this

we can omit because

the subject and your auxiliary verb like

your helping verb

and you replace it with having

this is i know it seems like a very

strange change

but this is very very common so let’s

look at an example of this

and you can send me your examples too i

will try to check live

so because steve had

forgotten his wallet

he asked sarah to pay

for lunch because steve had forgotten

his wallet

he asked sarah to pay for lunch so here

is my

because right so i said we can use this

rule

with because again

this reduction is only possible

if this subject and this subject are the

same so in this case

steve is the same as he this is the same

person

so we can use this reduction rule so

to do this we remove because steve

my subject and my helping verb in this

case

had is my helping verb we replace it

with

having having forgotten

his wallet then you’ll notice i have

steve here

steve asked sarah to pay for lunch

in this case i use steve here because

there’s no more steve

in this subordinate clause we need to

make it clear

in this part of the sentence who

is the subject steve asked sarah to pay

for lunch

so this is a very very common reduction

that you will see in writing and you’ll

also hear

in speech so i wanted to make sure to

talk about this one today

uh cheo ka kanga on youtube says you

always remove

at least one time the subject yeah so

when you use

the reduced form so i’ve shown you this

general one that you can use in many

different

types of adverb clause yes you remove

your subject

and your beaver only in the subordinate

clause so remember

subject does not change here doesn’t

change here

the only reason i changed this example

sentence

is because i removed the subject here

to make my sentence more efficient and i

need to express

clearly who he is in this situation

if i said having forgotten his wallet he

asked sarah to pay for lunch

we might be like who is he so we use the

name

steve in this case

bhavna says having made a mistake i

asked him for a date

oh really that’s okay what’s going on

there interesting interesting okay

um some others

agung says why do we have to reduce this

sentence yeah you don’t

you don’t have to reduce it actually

it’s just a way to make your sentence

more efficient we don’t need to use so

many words

and this is important to study because

other people

will use this grammar with you so it’s

good to know this

even if you don’t want to use it

yourself

okay um

all right i don’t see any other

questions zayad on facebook says having

succeeded with flying colors i had a

great party perfect perfect very nice

use

of this one very nice use of this one

okay

uh i think that’s all i don’t see others

cindy says can we change

the phrase steve asked ah like you mean

here

having forgotten his wallet steve ran

out of the restaurant

yes you can you can totally change that

so you can totally change that uh that

independent clause that’s fine

uh good okay we’ll finish there for

today i only have a few minutes left so

i’ll end there i will show you today’s

lesson boards one more time

so you can take a picture and review

this and study

so this is it today’s topics adverb

clauses so

key points for today subordinating

conjunctions yeah

those little connecting words are types

of adverb clause and how to make them

shorter so a few things i hope you take

away from today’s lesson

one is the comma rule i talked about

that will make your writing more clear

so please make sure to use that comma

after a subordinate clause at the

beginning

of a sentence and also please keep in

mind

those reduction rules the reduction

guides i talked about too

that will make your writing more

efficient

so i hope that this is helpful for you

um

andrea on youtube says can i reduce all

types of adverb clauses

no you cannot reduce all types of adverb

clauses

i showed a guide uh at the beginning of

part three

so if your adverb clause has that

subject

and to be some form of the verb to be

you can reduce that

that’s a general rule there are some

other special rules

too uh i introduced one with because but

the answer is no

all right i have to finish oh my gosh so

next week uh next week i’m going to do

another lesson

about writing improvement next lesson

will be uh september 9th

september 9th wednesday 10 p.m eastern

standard time if you don’t know your

local time please google it

please use your google skills uh i’m

going to talk about

modifiers what is a modifier for example

almost

just nearly and only i’m going to talk

about these because

many learners like confuse these and a

lot of people

even native speakers make mistakes with

the placement

of modifiers in sentences if you want to

review ahead that issue is called

misplaced

modifiers so we’re going to practice uh

using modifiers correctly so i hope that

you join me again

next week to practice more writing tips

so thank you so much for joining me

again this week thank you very much for

your awesome questions that was

fantastic

i really really enjoyed your great

questions and your awesome example

sentences so

i will finish there for this week thank

you very much also for liking and

sharing the lesson that is super super

cool

i hope you enjoy the rest of your week

have a great weekend and i will see you

again

next time bye