Basic and Reduced Adverb Clauses in English Basic English Grammar
is going to have lots of example
sentences
and we’re going to see a lot of example
uh kind of
expressions that we need to use in order
to make today’s grammar
so let’s take a look this is today’s
flow
we’re going to go
an adverb clause what is an adverb
clause so that’s today’s
key grammar point what is an adverb
clause
we’re also going to talk about
subordinating conjunctions another key
grammar point for today
point two types of adverb clause so this
is going to be
your big practice point for today and
then finally we’re going to talk about
reduced adverb clauses how to make the
short version so this is a lot to cover
so we’re going to continue uh
pretty quickly or we’ll go very smoothly
through today’s topics i hope so
uh throughout today’s lesson oh cool
throughout today’s lesson
please send me your example sentences i
will try to check them in real
time okay hi youtube i see lots of you
are there on youtube now welcome
everybody juan
conway uh eman hello everybody thanks
for joining us
okay let’s begin now that everybody is
here
fantastic okay so let’s first begin
by looking at uh just a definition
what is today’s grammar point what is
an adverb clause you might also see
uh adverbial clause as well uh these
have
people write two different names for
this grammar point sometimes
okay so what is an adverb clause
an adverb clause is a group of words
that is used like an adverb
a group of words that is used like an
adverb what is an adverb
an adverb is a word like quickly
or slowly for example it tells us
how we do something like the manner in
which we do something
or maybe like the reason so adverbs give
us like
more information more detail about uh
uh like a verb they tell us uh some
extra information
adverb clauses have a subject and
a verb subject and a verb so we need
both of those parts
then key point for today’s lesson
and a key vocabulary key vocabulary word
for today’s
for today’s lesson adverb clauses
they begin with a subordinating
conjunction a subordinating conjunction
this is a key word so let’s talk about
it for today’s lesson
what is a subordinating conjunction but
first what’s a conjunction
maybe you remember a conjunction is a
connecting word
so for example we have words like and
or but those words are conjunctions
we use those little words to connect our
ideas
together in sentences right so main idea
and main idea maybe we connect with
conjunctions those are connecting
words so a subordinating conjunction
is a type of conjunction it’s a
type of connecting word so what’s the
difference between a subordinating
conjunction and a regular conjunction
a subordinating conjunction connects a
dependent or a subordinate clause
to an independent clause so what does
that mean that sounds like a big word
right
so a subordinating clause subordinating
you can think of this as
a dependent clause is part of the
sentence
that needs some other part of the
sentence
in order to make sense so a
subordinating clause
cannot be by itself it needs other
information
so we connect a subordinate clause
i’ll show you some examples in a moment
we connect a subordinate clause to an
independent clause
with a subordinating conjunction
so you can think of these words these
expressions like words that connect
our kind of smaller ideas or our
dependent
ideas two are main ideas these are
called subordinating conjunctions they
are very important
for today’s lesson and for this grammar
point okay
so let’s look at types
of subordinating conjunctions these
types of
connecting words okay yeah lots of
somebody says a counter tenor says
conjunction junction is a schoolhouse
rock song yeah
conjunction junction uh is a song a
grammar song all about conjunctions here
i’ll bump up the volume some people are
commenting it’s a little quiet
okay so i have here
six different types or six
different categories of subordinating
conjunction
so that means each category
is used to connect our
subordinating clause or subordinate
clause to our
independent clause and it it gives us a
different type of information
so when we want to express a place
we can use these subordinating
conjunctions
where everywhere anywhere
wherever so probably you know some of
these words yeah
today we’re going to practice using
these to connect
to other words or to other expressions
when we use a time subordinating
conjunction there’s a big list of words
we use
these are a very very common use or very
very common
conjunctions we use to connect
expressions so
once or since when or while
whenever so you see wherever is here for
place
whenever for time until
after before by the time
so this is time
time related expressions
contrast so contrast that means when we
use these subordinating conjunctions
we are expressing like the opposite of
something or we want to show a key
difference between two conditions maybe
so the conjunctions for this category
are though while
although even though and
whereas whereas whereas is maybe a
little more
formal some of you might know whereas
okay this group we have condition
condition so when we want to express a
condition we use these subordinating
conjunctions
we’ve practiced this a lot on this
channel especially
if and like only if so if i go to the
park later
for example is a condition we’re
expressing a condition
with these subordinating conjunctions so
we can use
if only if unless
in case even if
we use these to express conditions
the next category is reason reason so we
use these to express
a reason for something because
since now that
and as are in this group and the last
group for today
is comparison so sometimes we use these
expressions
to make comparisons between two things
we use then like he is taller than me
so then that’s that use of van to make a
comparison
and as something something as like
she likes rock music as much as
she likes pop music so that’s the as as
pattern so this forms this is the base
this is the foundation
for today’s lesson these categories you
don’t have to remember
all of the words right now but this
is important for your studies to make
sure you are
matching your subordinating conjunction
to the type
of information you want to express we’re
going to use this
in part two for today’s lesson
okay so let’s take a quick break and
don’t worry i’ll show you
a picture of this so you can take a
picture for your studies too so
this is part one for today’s lesson on
adverb clauses i’ll put that down here
okay so i’m looking for your questions i
see lots of people still saying hello
welcome everybody thank you very much
for joining us
um i don’t see any questions on facebook
either hello to everybody saying hi on
facebook welcome welcome okay
quickly then we’ll take one short break
uh if you missed it earlier
i showed you as always we have free
things for you from the link below the
video if you are watching on youtube
or above the video if you are watching
on facebook
um here i’ll show you this one uh so
today’s lesson is about adverb clauses
it’s a
it’s a grammar point and especially
useful in writing
as we’ll talk about later so that means
you can use today’s grammar point
with every topic so it’s really really
helpful
to understand how to use it
here are a couple of topics that most
people like
so food this says dining but it’s really
about food
and this is singing but it’s about music
on the back of these you can find
expressions
so let’s see i can’t see backwards so
here we go
compliments on the back of this food one
so
you can use today’s grammar point to
make
uh expressions deeper so instead of just
saying like a simple
main statement you can use you can put
today’s grammar point together with some
of the
types of expressions on these to make
deeper expressions so check out a topic
you are interested in pick up a few
expressions and see if you can use
today’s grammar point there are so many
here i won’t show all of them
but check the link below the video on
youtube or above the video on facebook
to choose the ones that you like you
need an account it is totally free to
make you
you need your name and your email
address and then you can download
everything
all right let’s continue on if you are
just joining
today this week our topic uh is adverb
clauses
and how to reduce them i just covered
part one
of today’s lesson the goal for this
week’s lesson
is to give you some tips to improve your
writing i decided to make september
about writing improvement so this is the
first lesson
for that okay i’ll show you today’s
lesson boards again
because i know there’s a lot of
information yeah
okay we just talked about this what is
an adverb clause
now we’re going to talk about types of
adverb clause
in this part in part two we’re going to
use the
same category so you can see right here
this column says type we’re going to use
the same
categories i talked about in part one
to make our example sentences so let’s
go okay also if you have not please make
sure to like and share
this lesson so that other people can
find it i hope lots of people
can benefit from today’s lesson okay
so let’s move to part two
types of adverb clause types of adverb
clause
so as i said here this part type
this is the same group the same list of
categories
i showed you in part one of today’s
lesson
we have place time contrast
reason condition and comparison so these
are the same
here we have question so that means what
kind of
question or what question do we want to
answer
with our clause this will become more
clear
in just a moment so i have an example
sentence
for each type so that you can see what’s
happening in the sentence
and so we can break down the independent
clause
and the subordinate clause that i talked
about at the beginning of the lesson
i’m going to try to speak very slowly
because it’s a lot of information
so let’s begin with the first example
the first example
is a place type adverb clause
so our adverb clause gives us
information
about where something happened or
happens
let’s look at the example sentence here
everywhere i go
i see advertisements everywhere i go
i see advertisements okay here
my adverb clause is everywhere i go
everywhere i go we learned in part one
we begin our adverb clause with
a subordinating conjunction in this
sentence
everywhere is the subordinating
conjunction so
it answers this question where where
everywhere
so everywhere i go i see advertisements
so what’s the relationship between this
and this
everywhere i go is the subordinate
clause
that means it’s the dependent clause if
we see a sentence like this if we see
oh this is hard if we see just oh sorry
it’s really hard to do
if we see just everywhere i go it
doesn’t make sense
we need some extra information to finish
the sentence i see advertisements
is an independent clause it needs no
information
no extra information so we connect the
two
like this so subordinate clause
independent clause
also a writing tip for everybody today
this comma right here you will see uh in
many sentences in the rest of today’s
lesson
you can place your adverb clause at the
beginning of the sentence
like here or you can place it at the end
of the sentence
so for example i see advertisements
everywhere i go
if your subordinate clause is at the
beginning of the sentence
use a comma at the end if your
subordinate clause is at the end
of your sentence you do not need to use
a comma or rather
don’t use a comma don’t use a comma
there so
please use a comma at the end of your
subordinate clause
if it’s at the beginning of the sentence
okay we’ll review this throughout the
lesson
okay let’s go to the second one so let’s
look at the second type of adverb clause
time time so a time
type answers the question when
when did something happen so let’s look
at the apple
time first where is my subordinating
conjunction
right here by the time by the
time so i introduced this in part one of
today’s lesson by the time
by the time answers went so by the time
i arrived at the office comma
because this is at the beginning of my
sentence
the meeting had ended the meeting
had ended so i’m expressing two past
actions
one after another that’s why i’m using
this past perfect
tense here the meeting had ended this
action happened first
this action happened second i’ve talked
about this
in past episodes before so i won’t go in
depth
into this one okay some examples are
coming in great uh millie on facebook
says
everywhere i go i see a lot of cars good
make sure to use the plural everywhere i
go i see a lot of cars
uh yolanda says everywhere you go i
would like to go
that’s cute okay great job all right
let’s go to uh the next one
this one uh is contrast contrast so
contrast
by contrast i mean it’s like we’re
asking
what’s the opposite what’s the opposite
of this thing
let’s look at our example even though
we finished work on time
we were late getting to the theater
so getting to is a different way a
casual way to say
arrived we were late arriving to the
theater we relate
getting to the theater so subordinating
conjunction
even though even though so even though
we finished work on time this is like
saying
although or we could say though so
even though sounds a little more casual
though tends to sound a little more
formal so does like despite here like
despite finishing work on time
all of those are correct just slightly
different nuances
so even though we finished work on time
comma we were late
getting to the theater okay
a question came in mod al-jaan on
facebook i hope i said your name right
sorry
can i say by the time i arrived at the
office
the meeting was ended we can’t use end
it there you could say by the time i
arrived at the office
the meeting was over so over in that
case
uh is an adjective so meaning something
that is
finished but you cannot say was ended
you can say the meeting had ended that’s
correct
uh okay i don’t see other questions yet
isaiah has a great example
uh that uses this here in spite of the
heavy traffic
i arrived on time so great example that
was perfect
so contrast here i have opposite it’s
answering
it’s saying what’s the opposite so it’s
like
saying um there was this other condition
or this other situation
so this happened but even though or in
spite of or despite that
this other thing happened so we’re
showing contrast
there okay uh
all right let’s continue because there’s
a lot to cover still three more examples
to cover
reason reason so the reason type
expresses why for example
i can’t pay for lunch because i forgot
my wallet
i can’t pay for lunch because i forgot
my wallet so
in this one the subordinating clause is
or sorry
the subordinate clause is at the end of
the sentence yeah
here is my subordinating conjunction
because because this is my connecting
word
so because i forgot my wallet this
is my subordinate clause here’s my main
clause or independent clause i can’t pay
for lunch
i can’t pay for lunch why because i
forgot my wallet
again no comma here no comma here
because the subordinate clause is at the
end of the sentence
okay on to condition condition i talked
about this at the beginning of the
lesson
in what condition so again we use
if or only if or unless in these
patterns
for example if i don’t pass this
test i’m going to lose my scholarship
if i don’t pass this test i’m going to
lose my scholarship
so if if
is my subordinating conjunction here
this introduces
my uh dependent clause comma if i don’t
pass
this test comma i’m going to lose my
scholarship
okay so we’re expressing a condition
with this
um jamal on facebook says does even
though has the same meaning of even if
uh no even if uh
expresses uh so like to give an example
like even if i pass the test
i don’t know if i’ll get accepted to the
university so that means uh
in this in the condition that something
is true
i still don’t know something else even
though
we tend to use like in past tense it’s
like
despite a condition uh something else so
no they are not the same
good examples are coming cindy sms a
member hi there says i can’t learn
everything because i arrived late oh no
and make sure no comma cindy sms no
comma after that because your
subordinate clause is at the end of the
sentence yeah i can’t learn everything
no comma because i arrived late
all right um okay onward
uh comparison the last one time’s going
quick so i need to move along
comparison how is a
like b how is a like b so we want to
compare
two things for example she likes italian
food
as much as she likes
mexican food she likes italian food as
much as she likes mexican food
so here this right here as
as we use this pattern right here this
as much as
or like as many as and so on this is
their subordinating conjunction our
connecting expression
for comparison words so
these are all examples of the type of
adverb clause
so when you practice you can put
i’ll show you again put these this group
these things together with your example
sentences so think of the
question you want to answer
and choose the subordinating conjunction
accordingly
also a note here you may see slightly
different categories for
types of adverb clauses in your
textbooks or online
so depending on the resource you use you
might see slightly different categories
or slightly different groups
but this is a good guide i think okay
so this is part two for today’s lesson
the types
and a comma key comma point all right
let’s take one more short break and then
we’ll go to the last part
reducing adverb clauses i see some of
your questions are coming in
even though i didn’t study hard millie i
passed uh the next level maybe
even though i didn’t study hard okay um
ava says excuse me are in spite in spite
and
even though the same uh in spite of
something something like in spite of
um let’s see in spite of a hard day
i cooked dinner at home or even though i
had a hard day i cooked dinner at home
yes they communicate the same idea but
we need to make some changes to the
grammar so
i just said in spite of a hard day
or in spite of feeling tired something
like that
versus even though i had a hard day we
need to make some small changes to the
grammar
but they communicate the same idea
okay onward let’s go to the last part of
today’s lesson
also quickly if you didn’t check before
free stuff for you
from the link below the video if you’re
watching on youtube
or above the video on facebook woohoo
okay continuing i’ll show you today’s
lesson boards again so that you can take
a screenshot
if you would like to keep this for your
studies so we practiced
or we learned adverb clauses what are
they
and subordinating conjunctions then we
learned types of adverb clause
here now we’re going to talk about
reduced
adverb clauses so this part i really
hope is helpful for
your writing how to like makes your
writing more efficient
okay let’s go also if you have not
please make sure to like and share this
video so other people can find today’s
lesson so
that would be super cool all right i
don’t see questions
so let’s go let’s go let’s go so
reduced adverb clauses reduced means
shorter
we make them shorter so they’re more
efficient a reduced adverb clause
is a short form of a basic adverb clause
so i just
introduced a few examples of just
regular adverb clauses yeah
reduced forms are a little more
efficient
so we don’t use as many words to make a
reduced adverb clause
couple very important points about this
only the subordinate clause changes
there is
no change to the independent clause so
remember
subordinate clause is that dependent
clause
the one that uses the connecting word
the conjunction yeah
so please don’t change your independent
clause
when you make a reduced adverb clause
then this type of change a reduced
adverb clause is a little
more common in writing especially formal
writing so if you’re writing a formal
letter or
a formal paper or something it’s perhaps
more common
and more efficient to use a reduced
adverb clause
it’s less common in speech although we
do use them
a lot like i know i use reduced adverb
clauses
in my speech for sure but you might see
them more commonly
in writing so i have
a general rule a general rule there are
some kinds of
special cases depending on the type
of adverb clause but here is a general
guide that you can use
it is subject plus
b so that means the be verb so was
or were for example subject the subject
and the verb
be can be omitted that means we can
remove it
if the subject in the subordinating
and the independent clause are
the same what does this mean
let’s look at an example yeah it’s kind
of confusing so let’s look at an example
here
while i was listening to music i cooked
while i was listening to music i cooked
so i said subject and be can be omitted
okay if this if the subject
in the subordinating right here and
independent
right here clause are the same so what
does that mean
the subject in this clause is i the
subject in this clause is i
yeah so that means we can remove this
guy
right here and this b verb these two can
go away
jamaica while listening to music i cook
that’s what this means so if this
subject
and this subject match you can remove
the subject
and be and this is a grammatical
sentence it’s a grammatically correct
sentence
okay i don’t see questions
let’s continue so you can send me your
examples of this i will try to check
live there’s a little bit of time
let’s go to this one i wanted to include
this one because because
topics are because examples are very
very common
so when you use because
you might see a pattern like this
we can omit because
the subject and your auxiliary verb like
your helping verb
and you replace it with having
this is i know it seems like a very
strange change
but this is very very common so let’s
look at an example of this
and you can send me your examples too i
will try to check live
so because steve had
forgotten his wallet
he asked sarah to pay
for lunch because steve had forgotten
his wallet
he asked sarah to pay for lunch so here
is my
because right so i said we can use this
rule
with because again
this reduction is only possible
if this subject and this subject are the
same so in this case
steve is the same as he this is the same
person
so we can use this reduction rule so
to do this we remove because steve
my subject and my helping verb in this
case
had is my helping verb we replace it
with
having having forgotten
his wallet then you’ll notice i have
steve here
steve asked sarah to pay for lunch
in this case i use steve here because
there’s no more steve
in this subordinate clause we need to
make it clear
in this part of the sentence who
is the subject steve asked sarah to pay
for lunch
so this is a very very common reduction
that you will see in writing and you’ll
also hear
in speech so i wanted to make sure to
talk about this one today
uh cheo ka kanga on youtube says you
always remove
at least one time the subject yeah so
when you use
the reduced form so i’ve shown you this
general one that you can use in many
different
types of adverb clause yes you remove
your subject
and your beaver only in the subordinate
clause so remember
subject does not change here doesn’t
change here
the only reason i changed this example
sentence
is because i removed the subject here
to make my sentence more efficient and i
need to express
clearly who he is in this situation
if i said having forgotten his wallet he
asked sarah to pay for lunch
we might be like who is he so we use the
name
steve in this case
bhavna says having made a mistake i
asked him for a date
oh really that’s okay what’s going on
there interesting interesting okay
um some others
agung says why do we have to reduce this
sentence yeah you don’t
you don’t have to reduce it actually
it’s just a way to make your sentence
more efficient we don’t need to use so
many words
and this is important to study because
other people
will use this grammar with you so it’s
good to know this
even if you don’t want to use it
yourself
okay um
all right i don’t see any other
questions zayad on facebook says having
succeeded with flying colors i had a
great party perfect perfect very nice
use
of this one very nice use of this one
okay
uh i think that’s all i don’t see others
cindy says can we change
the phrase steve asked ah like you mean
here
having forgotten his wallet steve ran
out of the restaurant
yes you can you can totally change that
so you can totally change that uh that
independent clause that’s fine
uh good okay we’ll finish there for
today i only have a few minutes left so
i’ll end there i will show you today’s
lesson boards one more time
so you can take a picture and review
this and study
so this is it today’s topics adverb
clauses so
key points for today subordinating
conjunctions yeah
those little connecting words are types
of adverb clause and how to make them
shorter so a few things i hope you take
away from today’s lesson
one is the comma rule i talked about
that will make your writing more clear
so please make sure to use that comma
after a subordinate clause at the
beginning
of a sentence and also please keep in
mind
those reduction rules the reduction
guides i talked about too
that will make your writing more
efficient
so i hope that this is helpful for you
um
andrea on youtube says can i reduce all
types of adverb clauses
no you cannot reduce all types of adverb
clauses
i showed a guide uh at the beginning of
part three
so if your adverb clause has that
subject
and to be some form of the verb to be
you can reduce that
that’s a general rule there are some
other special rules
too uh i introduced one with because but
the answer is no
all right i have to finish oh my gosh so
next week uh next week i’m going to do
another lesson
about writing improvement next lesson
will be uh september 9th
september 9th wednesday 10 p.m eastern
standard time if you don’t know your
local time please google it
please use your google skills uh i’m
going to talk about
modifiers what is a modifier for example
almost
just nearly and only i’m going to talk
about these because
many learners like confuse these and a
lot of people
even native speakers make mistakes with
the placement
of modifiers in sentences if you want to
review ahead that issue is called
misplaced
modifiers so we’re going to practice uh
using modifiers correctly so i hope that
you join me again
next week to practice more writing tips
so thank you so much for joining me
again this week thank you very much for
your awesome questions that was
fantastic
i really really enjoyed your great
questions and your awesome example
sentences so
i will finish there for this week thank
you very much also for liking and
sharing the lesson that is super super
cool
i hope you enjoy the rest of your week
have a great weekend and i will see you
again
next time bye