Giving orders and instructions in English Common Expressions

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hi everybody my name is Alisha in this

lesson I’m going to talk about some

expressions we use for rules in English

some of this will be review some of

these will be some special phrases that

we use almost always for rules and

regulations so let’s get started okay

let’s start with this first group up

here of three expressions the first one

I think is a review point we can use

this as please or please do not so we

contract this do not - don’t as well try

to use this contracted form when

possible but we use this as kind of just

like a basic request so this is kind of

a simplest most basic way to express a

rule or something you want someone to do

or something you do not want someone to

do some examples please remove your

shoes so here you see please is used

before the verb removed so please remove

in this case we follow it with a verb

let’s look at a negative example then

please don’t hear I’ve used the reduced

don’t instead of do not do not is okay

but don’t will sound a little more

natural please don’t feed the animals so

here again I have a verb following my

expression please don’t feed the animals

feed means give food too so please don’t

feed the animals

these are very common expressions that

are kind of soft there are more like

requests in some cases okay let’s go on

to the second one also may be a review

point subjects so we’ll see this in the

plural form whatever the subject is will

be plural must or must not so as we saw

with please we can use this as a

positive or a negative so when we use

must it means something that the subject

has

to do there’s a requirement on the other

hand using must not means it’s something

that the subject absolutely should not

do like it’s illegal or it’s something

that they make they need to make sure it

does not happen let’s look at some

examples of this first visitors must

check-in visitors must check-in so here

I have my plural subject visitor so for

example visitors to a company or

visitors to a museum visitors must

check-in so here I have my verb to check

in somewhere it’s like to announce that

you are there to like meet at the

reception here’s another example in the

negative though again I have the plural

form visitors but this time must not be

is my verb visitors must not be

unattended unattended means alone or

without an escort without someone to

help you somewhere so we can use must to

show something that like we’re

responsible to do and something that

absolutely must not happen something

that we should not do we use must not to

talk about this so if you like you can

check I think we have videos on the

channel about using must and must not

you can check those for some more

information about must and must not okay

let’s go on to the next expression this

is kind of a set phrase not so much a

grammar pattern but a set phrase we ask

that you please we ask that you please

so here this we is like an organization

so you’ll see this for like a company or

maybe a hotel we means like our group so

we ask meaning a request from us a

request from our company that you please

so again we’re putting this please here

before some requests let’s look at an

example

we ask that you please remain seated so

for example on an airplane we ask would

be like the airplane staff or the

company perhaps we ask that you please

remain

so this means in other words please stay

in your seat please stay in your seat so

this makes it a little bit more formal

like a rule kind of but it’s phrased as

a request ok so let’s go on to a couple

more that are a little more complex the

first one is this expression subject or

subjects is or are two plus a verb so we

use this in more formal situations

actually this is 2 or r2 pattern let’s

take a look at some examples first you

are not to leave before the exam has

finished you are not to leave so here we

see subject you you are not to plus our

verb not to leave so this means don’t

leave or you must not leave this is the

feeling here we use this perhaps in like

an examination a test taking situation

but it’s quite formal there are lots of

rules so you here means you the student

or you the test taker or you the group

of test takers as well so this might

appear on like an examination guideline

sheet let’s see one more example

visitors are not to enter staff only

area so here we see the same thing this

time it’s plural visitors are not to

enter is my verb are not to enter staff

only areas so again this is the negative

are not 2 which means visitors must not

enter staff only areas so you’ll see

this in like formal kind of regulations

or formal rules like school rules

university rules test-taking rules maybe

company rules as well

contracts legal stuff too so are not too

or is not too depending on your subject

ok so let’s take a look at the next one

then another kind of similar pattern

here we’ll see know something is or are

to be plus the past participle verb so

we see this

to be pattern that we saw here but we’ll

use this to talk about like something we

cannot do or we’ll use this to talk

about like an object or some kind of

noun phrase at the beginning here so

let’s take a look at some examples it’s

kind of hard to imagine here’s one no

food is to be brought into the theater

no food is to be brought into the

theater this means don’t bring food to

the theatre here so we begin with no and

then this is my the thing that I’m like

banning in this case I’m saying don’t

bring this thing so no food is to be

brought into the theater so ok I’ll

introduce one more example and then

explain why we might use something like

this let’s follow this up with phones

are to be turned off so in this sentence

I removed No

so we might not begin with No so phones

plural are to be turned off so here

again are to be and my verb turned off

so why would we use this you notice here

there’s no person involved like in my

other examples I said you or visitors or

visitors whatever please remove your

shoes for example in these sentences

though there’s no person there’s no

actor so it’s kind of like soft in that

you’re not actually saying who like who

is this rule for you don’t say like

please you should not bring something in

as we’ll talk about later but this

sounds a bit more formal and there’s no

like guidelines for exactly who this

rule is meant for so this sounds kind of

stiff kind of formal and we would use

this in like public spaces so like this

example is common for a movie theater or

another like concert hall type space so

this means it applies to everyone in

general so this can mean visitors it can

mean guests that can mean people just

moving through the building so this

applies to everybody so you’ll see this

to be pattern in more formal such

we shion’s and for kind of more like

legal rules okay let’s move along to the

next one the next two actually both use

this word prohibited prohibited let’s

look at the sentence first here I’ve

used guests guests are prohibited from

something-something ing so we’ll use

this ing form of a verb here guests are

prohibited from ing depending on where

you live you may see this used as

prohibited - and then the regular the

dictionary form of the verb

guests are prohibited to do something in

my research I found that from and the

ing form tends to be a little bit more

common but I have seen that both are

used so for your information but how do

we use this for example guests are

prohibited from using the pool so we see

this commonly used guests here because

we see this commonly for hospitality

situations we might see it in like a

hotel or when using a building a

facility of some kind or perhaps we

would see it on like an airplane like

passengers maybe - could be applicable

here so guests are prohibited from using

the pool this part are prohibited from

means guests this part right here guests

cannot is what this means guests cannot

use the pool that’s what this means so

prohibited is a strong word it’s a

strong word that means you cannot do

something prohibited from doing

something so let’s look at another

pattern though this one uses prohibited

from using let’s see another way to use

prohibited this one something something

is or are depending on your subject

strictly prohibited strictly prohibited

so in this case instead of using a

person as the subject here we’ll use

some kind of noun phrase like an object

so here’s an example photos are

strictly prohibited this is a very

common example so photos taking pictures

photos plural photos are strictly

prohibited so strictly means like we’re

very strong about this rule strictly

prohibited means photos are something

that absolutely must not be taken you

absolutely must not take photos photos

are strictly prohibited

another example entering the temple here

I have a noun phrase entering the temple

is so this is a singular noun phrase is

strictly prohibited you absolutely must

not enter the temple so strictly

prohibited you can understand as

absolutely must not so a very strong

rule so pay attention to this when you

are traveling if you see something that

says prohibited or strictly prohibited

it means you should be really really

careful not to do that thing okay let’s

continue on to some more grammar points

let’s go back to some grammar I’ve got

the next one in parentheses here it’s

not so much a pattern just a reminder we

can use command form for rules so the

command form typically makes very short

quick sentences but they’re very clear

they’re very direct though so please be

careful these are useful in like

guidelines or if you’re talking maybe to

like students or you’re you just need to

communicate very quickly and effectively

you can use command form examples go to

the lobby pick up your ID card so you

notice here there’s no please or we ask

that you or students must nothing like

that we’ve just got this very short

quick command form verb so this is just

the simple present tense so go to the

lobby pick up your ID card these sound

direct so they’re useful when talking

about rules or when giving someone

directions to okay one more that’s

similar here subject should verb so this

is a very open pattern fresh

let’s look at examples what do I mean

here students is my subject students

should be at school by 9:00 students

says my subject should be is my verb

students should be at school by 9:00 so

this means it’s like students ought to

be so it’s best if students are at

school by 9:00 so should sounds a little

bit soft so in most cases in other words

students should be at school by 9:00 but

perhaps there are some cases where

students are not at school by 9:00 this

is kind of like a soft rule we should

try to follow the rule though there may

be some exceptions perhaps one more

example customers should make a line

customers should make a line this is

something you might see at a retail

store or a department store for example

so customers should make a line again

this is kind of like a soft suggestion

for a rule like you won’t get in trouble

a customers will not get in trouble if

they do not make a line but it’s a good

idea to like it’s best for everybody to

do this thing so you’ll see this should

for kind of softer rules okay let’s look

at the last two here very similar I’ll

read them together actually first is

avoid plus a verb in the ing form avoid

ing and refrain from something something

ing again the same verb form these both

mean please don’t please don’t do this

thing let’s look at the examples first

avoid running in the halls

avoid running in the halls and refrain

from taking photos okay so I said that

these both mean please don’t but there

are some small differences between these

avoid doesn’t actually mean

please don’t it means as much as

possible

please don’t so in this case running in

the halls is

the activity that we’re saying please

avoid so that means as much as possible

do not run in the halls if maybe there’s

an emergency someone might run okay

perhaps but avoid it avoid running in

the halls try not to do this thing as

much as possible this one however

refrain from refrain from this one means

do not do not take photos refrain from

taking photos means do not take photos

refrain from sounds more polite then do

not take photos so these are a quick may

be reference I guess a quick reference

list for some rules some expressions

related to rules when you travel please

pay attention to these kinds of things

so these are often posted at like travel

spots or places that tourists like to

visit a lot you’ll see them in

hospitality situations hotels airplanes

and so on so do pay attention please do

pay attention to these rules because

they can help you

you know better communicate and work

together with the people in that area

wherever you’re visiting or wherever

you’re staying so this is a quick

reference point I hope that it’s helpful

for you of course if you have any

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much for watching this lesson and I will

see you again soon bye

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