How to Give Extra Details in English with Relative Clauses

oh hi everybody welcome back to our

weekly live stream my name is Alisha and

today we’re going to talk about how to

explain details with relative clauses

today we’re going to talk a lot about

grammar so there’s a lot to cover so

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okay so let’s get it started first let’s

begin over here what is a relative

clause what is a relative clause this is

today’s focus grammar point a relative

Clause is like a long adjective so

adjectives are words that give us more

information about nouns so for example

interesting or boring or beautiful or

delicious these are all adjectives a

relative clause is like a group of words

together that has the same function or

it acts the same way as an adjective so

this is what we’re going to focus on

today to give lots of details in our

sentences so the second point relative

clauses give us extra information about

nouns so let’s take a look at two

examples both of these sentences use

relative clauses first one my phone

which is an iPhone 6s has terrible

battery life these days so one more time

my iPhone or sorry my phone which is an

iPhone 6s has terrible battery life

these days this

sentence uses a relative Clause second

example I like the movies that

Christopher Nolan makes I like the

movies that Christopher Nolan makes so

these sentences both use relative

clauses they are here in this sentence

and here in this sentence so there are

two kinds of relative clauses we’re

going to talk about both of them today

so first point about making this about

giving extra details with today’s

grammar point relative clauses begin

with something called a relative pronoun

a relative pronoun for today we’re going

to focus on three relative pronouns they

are that which and who so when you make

a relative Clause the basic form of a

relative Clause the first word will be a

relative pronoun in this case my phone

which is an iPhone success which is a

relative pronoun it begins my extra

information here same thing in this

sentence I like the movies that

Christopher Nolan makes here my relative

Clause is this part and it begins with

that so this is a relative pronoun these

are relative pronouns so how do we know

which one to use do I use that do I use

which do I use you for today we’re going

to look at these three relative pronouns

you can use that and who when you’re

talking about people people here so in

this case I’m talking about a phone in

my first example sentence in my second

example sentence I’m talking about

movies so these are both objects we’re

going to practice people later second

you can use that or which for objects so

objects that means things so not people

you might also hear sometimes people use

who to talk about their pets as

I’m not going to talk about pets in my

example sentences today but for your

information so another common question

though is what’s the difference between

that and which like in this case that in

which for objects but how do I decide

should I use that or which this point is

a little more advanced so I will cover

it briefly for today the difference is

in what’s called restrictive relative

clauses and non-restrictive relative

clauses so these are like really like

complex are maybe difficult to

understand words but they mean a

restrictive Clause is something that

gives us essential information essential

information about the noun so this means

if I don’t have this relative clause I

don’t understand the noun so for example

in this example sentence I like the

movies that Christopher Nolan makes if I

remove the relative clause here my

sentence becomes I like the movies and

we don’t know like what does that mean I

like the movies well which movies we

don’t know so that means we have to have

we must have this information to

understand this noun if we do not have

this information we cannot understand

this noun this sentence is an example of

a restrictive relative clause so that

means we must have the information in

these types of sentence we use that as

the relative pronoun on the other hand

the other type where we use which it’s

used in what’s called a non restrictive

relative clause so non restrictive so

meaning not it’s the negative form a non

restrictive relative clause is a clause

giving just extra information we don’t

have to have the information to

understand the noun it’s like a bonus

kind of so this example sentence uses a

non restrictive relative clause my phone

which is an iPhone 6s has terrible

battery life these days

so again my test if I remove Tide youth

my arm if I remove the relative clause

the sentence becomes my phone has

terrible battery life these days so I

can understand the sentence it’s easy

for me to understand I know exactly the

topic my phone so when we use a non

restrictive relative clause we can use

which to begin also when you use a non

restrictive relative clause use commas

it’s hard to see in the live stream use

commas set it off with commas here so

there’s a comma at the beginning and a

comma at the end of the clause so this

is a punctuation point as well so my

comment I will get to your comments now

was to share about the work of your

favorite creator so I said I like the

movies the Christopher Nolan makes I

think I saw a few of you sending some

comments me a Gertrude is maybe I love

the Batman movies that Christopher Nolan

makes or I love the back of the Batman

stories that Christopher Nolan tells

great some other examples lots of people

are just saying hello hello everybody so

yeah sure it’s hard to see share about

the work of your favorite creator so you

can use this as a pattern if you like I

like movies or TV shows or the music

that someone makes sweetheart says I

like the games that the hideo kojima

makes perfect very nice example very

nice example I like the games that Hideo

Kojima makes ke Lao says I like the

dinosaurs which are stored in the museum

good I like the dinosaurs make sure to

use the plural form for your countable

nouns and then your verb needs to match

yeah leo says I like the lesson that

Alicia makes thanks Leah okay other

examples hmm maybe I Miguel says I like

my games which is an Xbox 360 has good

start so maybe I like my gaming let’s

see my gaming system so make your sub

the topic of your discussion my gaming

system which is an Xbox 360 has good

storage something like that would be

perfect on Facebook Jason says I like

the books that edgar rice burroughs

right so I don’t know that author very

nice though I like the books that he

writes ok other ones I like my friend

who always helps me with my problems

great great so that sounds like you have

other friends who don’t tell you with

problems so good good nice examples

Kristina on Facebook says my job which

is teaching English is a rewarding

occupation agree agree absolutely very

nice examples ok fantastic fantastic

with that let’s take one quick break and

then we’re going to practice combining

information in a different sentence

pattern so great examples keep them

coming

we’ll take one quick break and then

continue to point number two before

today so I’m going to share a couple I

shared a couple of already today I

showed this over here I’ll show it over

here today is a grammar point we’re

covering a grammar point so that means

you can use it in many different

situations so I haven’t shown I don’t

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this is a really good one for this topic

when you want to describe a specific

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okay so with that let’s continue to

point to for today also if you have not

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can find the lesson okay let’s continue

to part two part two for today in this

part we’re going to practice giving

details in one sentence so we’re going

to practice putting two ideas together

so sometimes I hear learners say

something like I bought a TV the TV is

really cool the TV was really cheap they

break things into three sentences two or

three sentences so this point what we’re

going to practice now is how to put

those ideas together we’re going to use

non restrictive relative clauses to do

this so I’ll explain with two examples

I’ll give you kind of a strategy to

practice this on your own too and as I’m

talking you can think about a comment

for yourself so for this portion your

homework I guess if you’re watching live

or after is to use this pattern to make

a sentence about a person in your life

so think about this I’ll share them so

what is this to practice doing this to

practice giving details in one sentence

choose your topic one and think of two

or more two plus details two plus

details so think of these two things for

example my topic will be my brother and

my details so my details are about my

brother my details engineer his job this

is information about him and his

personality smart funny so here are my

details I want to put this information

together

so yes I could make it’s possible to

make maybe two sentences with this my

brother is an engineer great

that’s one sentence easy to understand

also my brother is smart and funny okay

two sentences and I’m giving personality

information in sentence number two so

put them together with a relative clause

like this my brother who is an engineer

is smart and funny so in one sentence

I’ve put all of the information together

so how did I do this my brother is an

engineer so I’ve used the who relative

pronoun here because my subject is a

person so I have this is an engineer

this is exactly the same but I need to

mark it with who I need to start this

portion with who it’s describing my

brother then I finish with is smart and

funny so another way to think about this

is as we practice before remove the

relative clause is the sentence correct

my brother there we go my brother is

smart and funny

my brother is smart and funny that’s a

grammatically correct sentence so I know

that this part is okay and I can add my

relative clause giving extra information

so this makes my sentence much more

natural it flows the information flows

much more naturally so here is how we

can put simply information together with

this non restrictive clause so again it

starts with a relative pronoun and I’ve

set it off with commas here so this

shows us its extra information so this

is a good way maybe to practice making

these basic style sentences some

examples mani so that’s a very nice

example of mani at least oh he teaches

English a smart and beautiful that’s

very nice that’s very nice iris says my

English teacher who is from the Ukraine

has a very strong accent very nice

sentence okay some other

hmm I don’t see any on Facebook yet I

don’t see any on Facebook yet I’ll come

back to your Facebook so please use this

pattern some of you have got it already

please use this pattern to make a

sentence about a person in your life

okay I’ll go to another topic again I’m

going to focus on people for this

practice this one I’m going to focus on

co-workers so my co-workers keep in mind

this is plural co-workers more than one

person so my details about my co-workers

my details are they come from all around

the world and kind they are kind so if I

want to make a sentence if I want to

make two sentences I could say my

co-workers come from all around the

world and my co-workers are kind there’s

two ideas so I put them together in a

sentence like this my co-workers who

come from all around the world are kind

so I put everything together in one

sentence using a relative clause all the

details come together some points want

my co-workers as I said my co-workers is

plural more than one person so my verb

needs to match my coworkers are kind

again if I remove the relative clause

hard to do my co-workers are kind this

part needs to be grammatically correct

alone and then this part again begins

with my relative pronoun who because my

subject refers to people my co-workers

who come from all around the world are

kind so this is how we can make one

single sentence from two or more

sentences so with this pattern you can

actually make very long sentences if you

want to

some examples are coming in can john

says my husband who is a businessman is

smart and cool excellent next example

sentence very positive okay dosmo says

my friend who likes marvelous scenery is

my role model

okay um maja says one of my friends who

is a scientist is smart and cunning okay

great very nice example on Facebook EDA

Ida I said my daughter who is a doctor

is very smart and kind nice nice example

Jason says my coworker who I work with

is very uptight and mean oh good example

my parents who are just farmers are the

most respectful and admired very nice

very nice Oh some other examples Renato

on YouTube says Emirates which is a good

airline is the best job I’ve ever had as

a pilot okay so is maybe is the best

company I’ve ever worked with so make

sure your subject so Emirates is the

company in this if you want to talk

about your company great you can totally

use this pattern so you can say my

company which is the best place I’ve

ever worked is great or is the best

company name extra information is the

best company I’ve worked with something

like that hmm so make sure your subject

over here matches your extra information

over here okay very nice nice examples

Mora from Christina on Facebook my

colleagues who are very supportive are

bright and friendly excellent excellent

great work a bee elk herd on says my

granddaughter who is only four is

naughty that’s a nice example I like

your example sentences these are very

nice

Nene says my husband who is an engineer

is smart and kind great maybe a point

for lots of people watching don’t forget

your article if you’re talking about

someone’s job title like I saw a

scientist teacher engineer

don’t forget your article so my brother

or my husband or my wife is an engineer

or is a scientists don’t forget those

little articles we like our articles

let’s see how long the singer someone on

YouTube says my boss who is Dutch is

generous and humble very nice example of

everybody alex says my supervisor who is

a good researcher often has poor

judgment oh good researcher but poor

judgment very interesting examples ok

fantastic fantastic nice job everybody

let’s take one more very short break

very short I promise and then we’ll go

to our last point for today how to make

these clauses or rather in which cases

we can make these clauses even shorter

so how to make your sentences super

super efficient alright I’ll show you a

couple more of the free things I have

not shown you in a while we’ll go over

here this I’ll show these are different

from the ones I showed to you before

these are all free this one’s about pets

so you might use this grammar point if

you want to talk about your pets this is

a great one right here the food ones I

think are good this is about cooking and

on the back of it is vocabulary and

expressions to use for recipes for

cooking for stuff in the kitchen so you

can check this out you definitely use

this grammar point in the kitchen

another topic is for sports for exercise

and again there’s some key phrases for

going to the gym and for exercise and

for even parts of the body here too so

there are many different topics this

one’s a slightly different one that you

can also find there there are many

different topics that you can check out

and practice today’s grammar point with

so have a look at this you can find this

from the link below the video on youtube

or above the video if you’re watching on

Instagram please check YouTube or

Facebook why not see your comments very

sorry ok let’s go to our final point for

today our final point for today is how

to make what’s called a reduced relative

clause a reduced relative clause this

means a short relative clause how to

make your relative Clause short

your extra information shorter so I’ll

go on to this also if you have not

already please do make sure to like and

share today’s video so others can find

today’s lesson alright let’s go on to

making short clauses short clauses there

are several different ways to explain

this so I’m going to focus on these two

first case number one if your sentence

uses a relative pronoun so who which or

that and after that so just after the

relative pronoun there’s some form of

the verb to be so is was R and so on in

that case you can remove both parts that

means you can remove the relative

pronoun and your to be verb so let’s

look at some examples first the guy who

is talking is my teacher the guy who is

talking is my teacher this is a very

common example of when you’ll see this

this number of this point number one is

very common with ing

verbs when we see a verb in this ing the

progressive form this is a very common

situation where you can remove these

parts so here the guy talking is my

teacher this makes your sentence more

efficient both are correct this is

totally correct the guy who is talking

is my teacher is 100% perfectly correct

you can use it but if you want to make

your sentence a little more efficient a

little shorter you can remove it the guy

talking is my teacher another example

the professor who was seen stealing was

fired the professor who was seen

stealing was fired so here who is my

relative pronoun was is to be just past

tense so we can say the professor seen

stealing was fired

the professor seen stealing was fired so

again this is up to you you can choose

whether to remove

or not so these are a couple of cases

where you can remove them I have more

examples but not very much space will

continue so you can try to send a few

examples that remove these this one as I

said is maybe the easiest one to

practice

so this IMG verb sentences that use

verbs in the ing form I will check the

chat to see some where the other case I

want to talk about is this one if a

personal pronoun so that means like

he/she knew I and so on or someone’s

name is after the relative pronoun you

can remove the relative pronoun for

example the person who I talked to was

the manager the person who I talked to

was the manager so in this case here’s

my relative pronoun and after it is this

personal pronoun in this case I that

means in this case I can remove my

relative pronoun the person I talked to

was the manager the person I talked to

was the manager this sentence is also

correct totally correct so please keep

in mind in this case we remove only the

relative pronoun yeah in this case we

remove the relative pronoun and the to

be verb so there are some there are some

differences in these cases so these are

a couple ways to make reduced shortened

relative clauses there are some examples

coming in fantastic on YouTube Eli says

the guys singing is my roomie good

Galen Colin says the man sitting maybe

next to me instead of aside me next to

me is my friend good Wilson says the

woman woman wo ma n singular the woman

who is talking is my teacher to reduce

that the woman talking is my teacher

Edgard says the dog barking is my pet

yeah Massa hey Messiah on Facebook says

the woman speaking is my teacher yes

speaking

or talking is good sin is when do we use

relative clauses if you miss the lesson

please go back to the beginning of the

video this lesson has been recorded so

that you know when to use relative

clauses so please watch this

after we finished today’s lesson okay

other examples looking for other

examples other examples who knows

anymore

the person who is teaching English is my

teacher good very nice very nice okay

the woman drawing is my mom great you

guys have got it sounds good sounds

fantastic so these are examples of

situations where we use relative clauses

and shortened relative clauses very nice

job everybody thanks very much for all

of your example sounds good I have to

finish there for today though that was a

lot whew we got through it all amazing

so I’m going to finish up today’s lesson

of course if you have questions or

comments you can send them in the chat

or send a comment after the lesson too I

will check it out and try to answer it

somehow someday someway so thank you for

all of your examples we are going to be

back next week next week’s date will be

October 30th I think Wednesday October

30th I believe at 10:00 p.m. Eastern

Standard Time the topic will be English

learning strategies English learning

strategies so I have chosen five kind of

maybe tips that I hope can help lots of

people give you some ideas for your

studies things you can try to do or

maybe some changes you can think about

for your study routine so I’m gonna talk

about I think I’ve prepared five

different things find English learning

strategies yeah that’s it October 31st

really Wow

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again next week I’m going to cover some

English learning strategies and in

general some language learning

strategies that I hope will be helpful

for you so thank you very much for

joining this week’s lesson as always

thank you so much for sending your great

example sentences and your great

questions today too and also thank you

so much for liking the video and sharing

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