Learn English in 45 Minutes ALL the Grammar Basics You Need

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gifts of the month hi everybody my name

is Alisha welcome back to our English

class channel today we’re gonna be

talking about the difference between bye

and until so let’s get started okay so

first we’re gonna talk about bye-bye

marks a deadline for an action to finish

by marks the point where an action

completes or is replaced by another

action so really think about using bi to

express a deadline something is going to

stop or you must finish an action at

this point in time so we can think about

bi as marking some point in the future

so by mark some point in the future

where an action is going to finish an

action is going to be completed so in an

example sentence I have I’ll be at the

office by 7 p.m. so in this sentence the

speaker is not at the office but 7 p.m.

is the deadline this is the point in

time at which the speaker will be at the

office the speaker is not at the office

now but by 7 p.m. by the 7 p.m. deadline

the speaker will be at the office this

will shows us this is a future tense

expression and by shows us the deadline

the point at which that expression or

the point at which that action is going

to be completed so this is how we use bi

to think about it like a deadline at

some point in time at which an action

will be completed or finished okay so

let’s continue on to the other grammar

point for today which is until until

also has a more casual form we can use

till TI ll or apostrophe TI l you might

see both spellings used for until til or

til

in most cases it’s good to use until in

casual speaking and maybe in casual

writing you can use the casual form but

until is always polite and is always

correct okay so when we use until let’s

talk about when to use until we use

until to talk about a continuing

situation or a continuing state now in

the present or in the future but it’s

going to change or stop so the key

difference one key difference here

perhaps is a continuing situation a

continuing state with by the nuance is a

deadline something is going to finish at

a deadline here however until gives us

the nuance of something that’s

continuing something true now for

example but that may not be true in the

future until marks the point where that

action or that state is going to finish

or change

hmm okay so we can think of it rather

than as a deadline as a key point in the

future somewhere where action a

continues until a point where we use

until and then a second action begins

something is going to change at the

until point with by however we don’t

have the nuance of an action changing we

only have the nuance of a deadline so

here until is used to show that

something different is going to happen

or something something will finish but

there’s going to be a change after the

the until point so for example this

sentence very similar to the by example

sentence is I’ll be at the office until

7 p.m. so here we have the future tense

I’ll I will I’ll be at the office until

7 p.m. this sentence shows us the

speaker

is at the office right now however at

7:00 p.m. until shows us that 7:00 p.m.

is the point at which the situation or

this state is going to change so at 7:00

p.m.

the speaker is probably going to leave

the office until shows us that right

here the action or the state is going to

change so please keep that in mind

until shows you a change in something by

shows more of a deadline for an action

that is continuing so I hope that we can

practice this in a few example sentences

now okay so let’s try to choose the

correct word to use in these example

sentences should we use by or should we

use until in these cases so the first

one I have is he has to find a new job

bla bla bla March so in this case we see

a point in time we can think about it

should we use bi or until here if we use

bi we see that the deadline the deadline

nuance matches here he has to find a new

job

by March if we use until he has to find

a new job until March there’s no

information in this sentence that shows

us a hint or that gives us a hint about

how the action is going to change until

does not make sense for this question so

we should use by in this case he has to

find a new job

by March is the correct answer for this

sentence in the second sentence I’m not

going to go to bed

bla bla bla I finish this movie so in

this sentence we have at the end I

finish this movie so there’s some action

maybe that’s continuing here and we have

another action I’m not going to go to

bed in this case it’s a negative so

there are two actions here this is a

pretty good hint that there’s an action

that’s going to change at some point

instead of the new

of a deadline so for this sentence until

is the best answer I’m not going to go

to bed until until I finish this movie

this shows us that at this point the

point where I finish the movie I’m going

to go to bed

this marks the change in the continuing

state or the continuing situation so the

next sentence is they need to write

their reports blah blah blah tomorrow so

this sentence there’s no change in the

sentence we don’t have any hints about

some kind of different action that’s

going to happen instead we have maybe

what seems to be a deadline some

requirement here too so if we try to use

until it doesn’t make sense there’s no

changing action we can’t guess about

what might happen in the future or a

change that might happen so by is the

best answer here they need to write

their reports by tomorrow tomorrow is

the deadline so we can guess that

tomorrow is the deadline here by shows

us that it’s the deadline in this case

for this task all right let’s take a

look at something a little bit different

here we have we can’t leave the house

bla bla bla your mother calls so again

there are two situations there are two

actions involved in this sentence we

have leave the house and your mother

calls makes a phone call so because

there are two actions here we can guess

that there’s some change that’s going to

happen so because we learned that until

marks a change in actions we know that

until is the better answer here okay we

can’t leave the house until your mother

calls would be the correct sentence here

alright so let’s look at the next

sentence though this one is a tricky

sentence this one is a little bit

difficult we have I’m not going to be

there something something 8 p.m. mmm so

here

we have 8 p.m. at the end of a sentence

which looks like a deadline right we

have going to be there mmm so should we

use buy or until for this sentence it’s

difficult because actually both are okay

for this sentence I’m not going to be

there by 8:00 p.m. is correct and I’m

not going to be there until 8:00 p.m. is

also correct

however the meanings are very different

just as we practiced in these two

sentences I’ll be at the office until

I’ll be at the office by 7:00 p.m. the

same is true here I’m not going to be

there by 8:00 p.m. means I’m not going

to be there at 8:00 p.m. it’s not

possible for me I can’t go however I’m

not going to be there until 8:00 p.m.

this sentence means after 8:00 p.m. or

beginning at 8:00 p.m. and after I’m

going to be there so please be careful

in some cases both bye and until are

correct but they change the meaning of

the sentence okay let’s continue to

another example so the next example

sentence is also a little bit difficult

it’s if my date doesn’t arrive something

something 7:00 p.m. I’m leaving okay

so here we have we do have two actions

doesn’t arrive my date doesn’t arrive a

negative point and I’m leaving so it

seems like there are two actions here

however we have this 7 p.m. this marks a

deadline right so if my date doesn’t

arrive there’s some deadline here if

this is not completed something is going

to happen the person is going to leave

so in this case 7 p.m. is showing a

deadline so we have to use bye

if my date doesn’t arrive

until 7:00 p.m. we could use that but it

doesn’t sound so natural so the new once

again here is of a deadline there’s

something that is going to happen at

7:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m. marks the endpoint

in this situation so we use by here okay

let’s go to the next pair again these

are very interesting points we have to

leave the beach but bah blah

10:00 a.m. and we have to stay at the

beach blah blah blah 10:00 a.m. okay so

these two sentences I included because I

wanted to show the emphasis of changing

actions and continuing actions so we can

see the verbs are different here in the

first sentence we have leave so this is

a change leaving a location in the

second sentence I have stay which shows

a continuing action stay in one place so

here as you can guess then we have to

leave the beach blah blah blah 10:00

a.m. some change some deadline so we’ll

use by to show our deadline in the

second sentence we have to stay at the

beach stay shows a continuing action and

then it’s going to finish here so we’ll

use unto we have to stay at the beach

until 10:00 a.m. this shows us a

continuing action and maybe at 10:00

a.m. we’ll leave the beach all right

let’s go on to the next sentence

I’m not going to travel abroad bla bla

bla I learn English okay so here there’s

no time point there’s no 10:00 a.m. 8:00

p.m. tomorrow and so on so this is a

little more complex maybe we have travel

abroad and learn English so it seems

there’s no real deadline here but we

have maybe a change maybe this shows us

some kind of change learning English

marks a change so I’m not going to

travel abroad and

I learn English hmm this shows us that

something different is going to happen

in the future so we should use until to

mark that change okay our last example

sentence for today is we told him to

wake up

bla bla bla 6 a.m. so once more our last

sentence may be a little bit simple but

6 a.m. shows us an action sort of this

deadline you can see a lot of these use

a time to mark a deadline for an action

so here we told him to wake up by 6 a.m.

this is the point at which something

must happen so we should use bye ok

great so those are a few examples

sentences that you can have a look at

and think about when you’re trying to

decide whether to use bi or until keep

in mind however there are some cases

where both by or until are correct but

the meaning is going to change

significantly depending on the one you

use want to get cheat sheets audio books

lessons apps and much more every month

for free just click the link in the

description to get your free language

gifts of the month today I’m going to

talk about the difference between really

and very these are sometimes confused or

it’s difficult to know when you should

use really or when you should use very

so today I’m going to give a quick

explanation that hopefully can help you

decide when to use really and when to

use very so let’s start ok first there’s

one thing that’s common one thing that

both of these do really and very are

both used to add intensity or to add

emphasis to what you’re saying so both

of them have the same effect ok so but

let’s start with really really is used

to modify so to add emphasis to to

change verbs we also use really to

modify adjectives and adverbs so a few

examples here this sentence you’re

really funny so funny is an

objective we use really before the

adjective to modify so this gives

emphasis to the word funny then we have

this word fast this is an adverb in this

sentence he runs really fast we add

really to show he runs really fast it

emphasizes the speed at which he runs

finally I have the adjective tired I’m

really tired so we emphasize tired by

placing really before the adjective so

we can use really to modify verbs and we

can use it to modify adjectives okay

we’ll talk a little bit more about the

verbs part a little bit later okay let’s

go on to very though so very is used to

modify adjectives and adverbs only we

cannot use very to modify verbs so

please be careful you cannot use this

with a verb we’ll see this in just a

moment for me however a recommendation I

tend to use very more in negative

sentences I don’t use really so much

when I’m making a negative statement so

let’s look at a few examples first this

sandwich is very good so good is my

adjective here so I use very to modify

it yes I can use really here as well

this sandwich is really good is also a

correct sentence the next one you are

not very funny so here’s a negative that

I was talking about funny is the

adjective in this sentence and saying

not very is a negative statement you can

say you’re not really funny but to me it

sounds a bit more natural to say you’re

not very funny

here’s one more example he doesn’t run

very fast

so again I have the adverb fast here

with very and my negative so he doesn’t

run very fast emphasizes that he is not

a fast runner okay and finally they’re

very rich this one uses an adjective

rich they’re very rich we can say

they’re really rich both are correct

so let’s take a look at some example

sentences and in particular I want to

point out a few cases where we can use

really with verbs as I talked about here

so let’s take a look let’s look at the

first sentence the sentence here is day

something something like vacationing in

France so here I have the verb like like

we know that really is only used to

modify verbs we cannot use very to

modify verbs therefore the correct

answer here is really they really like

vacationing in France okay

the next sentence my schedule is

something something busy we see that

busy is an adjective

my schedule is something something busy

so really and very are both correct I’m

really busy I’m sorry my schedule is

really busy or my schedule is very busy

both of these are correct

in the next sentence that restaurant

wasn’t something something good so I

mentioned that this one very is I

something I tend to use more in negative

patterns so here we have a negative we

have the negative wasn’t in this

sentence so that restaurant wasn’t very

good sounds nice

okay the next sentence it’s something

something rainy today so rainy we have

an adjective here it’s rainy that means

we can use really or very also it’s a

positive statement here okay the next

expression your boss seems something

something angry with you again here’s an

adjective and the sentence the statement

is a positive statement so again we can

use either really or very okay let’s go

to the next one she something something

eats a lot here we have the verb eats

she something something eats because

it’s a verb we know we can only use

really in this situation so she really

eats a lot is the correct sentence here

okay

similar we have he something something

cats so hates is our verb here again the

same rule applies we can only use really

with verbs so really is the correct

answer he really hates cats

okay one more i something-something hope

we can take I’m sorry I

something-something hope we can catch up

soon so once more our verb is hope I

hope we’re emphasizing I really hope so

these three all have the same pattern

they’re all modifying a verb here okay

final one this is something something

easy so easy is an adjective we can use

really or very in this case this is

really easy or this is very easy both

are correct in this case all right so

that’s a quick overview of when to use

really and when to use very please

remember you can only use really in

front of a verb and if you’re making a

negative statement try to use very

instead of really it’ll sound a little

bit more natural today I’m going to give

a short explanation of the difference

between look watch and see so let’s get

started okay the first verb that I want

to talk about is look we use look when

we simply want to explain that we are

moving our eyes to something just moving

the eyes is to look at something there’s

no expectation that the item or the

object we are looking at is going to

change there’s no expectation that some

change is going to happen

we’re simply moving our eyes to

something finally when you use look and

an object follows the verb you need to

follow look with at so for example look

at that look at me look at that look at

her look at him all of these use at

because an object follows the verb look

so look at that thing when you use an

expression like look over there there’s

no object there so only when there’s an

object after the word look you need to

use

to connect the two okay so remember look

is used when you’re simply moving your

eyes to something okay

let’s talk then about the verb watch so

we use watch when we want to focus our

attention on something so focusing your

attention can be on something happening

in front of you like a performance can

be movie TV but the nuance with watch is

you are watching something that is

changing or moving something is going to

happen there’s an expectation of change

or movement evolution in some way we use

watch in those cases focused attention

on something that is changing or

something that is moving is when we use

watch then finally see the verb see is

used when we just notice something we

happen to notice something maybe a

person has come into the room and we see

that person we notice something but

we’re not necessarily focusing so maybe

we see it our eyes catch it but we don’t

focus on that thing that is when we use

see so to recap we use look just to move

our eyes to something we use watch for

focused attention on something that is

moving or something that is changing and

we use see when we just notice something

but we don’t necessarily focus on it

okay so this is the basic use of these

three verbs but there are a couple of

exceptions so here I have special cases

especially for performances so for

example movies TV shows concerts

sporting events and so on these have

slightly different rules we will only

use watch or see for these cases please

do not use look in these cases please

use watch or see if you’re having

trouble deciding when to use watch or

see a good rule or a good guideline is

if it’s something outside the house

something outside your home your

apartment use the verb see if you’re at

home doing something at home like

watching a movie for example used

for watch so for example over here you

would see a movie in a movie theater

see a baseball game watch a DVD at home

or watch the awards show at home so

these are at home actions and these are

outside the home action so we use see

and watch in these cases okay but let’s

try to choose the correct verb in these

example sentences that I’ve prepared so

first one tonight I’m going to something

something Game of Thrones Game of

Thrones is a popular TV show so we

should use watch because we learned that

watch is used for things outside or I’m

sorry because we learned that watch is

used for actions at home things we do at

home it’s more natural to use watch I’m

going to watch Game of Thrones ok the

next sentence I want to something

something that new movie new movie

probably means going to a movie theater

so we should use the verb see I want to

see that new movie is the correct verb

here something something up ahead

traffic is terrible so up ahead means in

front of you in front of the car in this

case it’s car it’s traffic related so up

ahead

in this case the speaker is asking the

listener to move his or her eyes in

front of them to to go up ahead with

their eyes so you can use the verb look

look up ahead traffic is terrible so

move your eyes up ahead it’s the command

okay next one last night I stayed in and

something something a football game so

stayed in means stayed home I stayed at

home we use the expression stayed in so

I stayed in and watch this is an at home

action past tense I watched a football

game last night ok next one I can’t wait

to something something my favorite band

next week so again this is a performance

outside the house my favorite band so

we’ll use see I can’t wait to see my

favorite band next week ok

next sentence when I something-something

into the forest I something-something a

deer okay there are two verbs in this

sentence we’re going to use looked so

when I moved my eyes into the forest

I moved my direction my my my eyes moved

in the direction of the forest and I

something-something a deer so we noticed

something I saw a deer I saw a deer a

deer entered my eyes is a weird way to

say it but that’s the nuance here I

happened to notice I wasn’t focusing but

I saw this in my eye I saw a deer okay

let’s look at a really difficult one i

something-something up from my book and

something something you you were

something something a video on your

phone okay so similar here I something

something up I looked up I moved my eyes

up from my book so I was reading I moved

my eyes up from my book and something

something you so here I noticed I saw

past tense I saw you then here you were

something something a video on your

phone a video on your phone so maybe we

need to use the verb watch because the

person has focused their attention on

their phone on the video you were

watching past progressive tense you were

watching a video on your phone so here

in this situation we have all three

verbs finally let’s use it in a question

when did you last something something

your roommate so when did you last

notice your roommate we would use the

verb see when did you last see your

roommate when was the last time you saw

your roommate you noticed your roommate

so these are some great examples of

sentences where it might be difficult to

guess should I use look should I use see

should I use watch but keep these rules

in mind so remember when you move your

eyes to something use look don’t forget

to use

when an object follows the verb to when

you want to focus your attention or talk

about something that’s changing and

moving use watch like movies and TV

shows when you want to just talk about

noticing something but not focusing your

attention use see so this is a basic

introduction to the differences between

look see and watch I hope it was useful

for you if you like you can try to leave

a comment with one of these verbs in

your sentence or if you have any

questions please let us know as well

want to get cheat sheets audio books

lessons apps and much more every month

for free just click the link in the

description to get your free language

gifts of the month today I’m going to

talk about say tell and speak I’m going

to talk about the differences between

when we use these and also give some

examples of how to use them as well so

let’s go okay the first one I want to

talk about is say say so we use say when

we want to have a very neutral feel to

what we’re talking about we use say when

we report speech were reporting

information reporting something we heard

reporting something someone else said to

us so as I just use the past tense of

say is said please be careful it is not

say IDI say IDI it should be said the

spelling changes said he said she said

we said they said okay so when we want

to report speech we can use the past

tense like I’ve just done for example he

said dinner was delicious this is a past

tense statement so maybe previously

before the conversation someone he said

this statement dinner was delicious

think of this like a quote dinner was

delicious he said dinner was delicious

another example you said you were tired

you said you were tired so again before

the conversation the other person said

he or she was tired but here to report

you said you were tired and we use the

past tense

say said to do that okay one more with

the present tense then remember we use

the present tense when we’re talking

about general facts or things which are

always true regular actions so in this

case I’ve used present tense I said I

never say mean things so here I have

present tense this is a general fact in

this case I never say mean things so

again a very neutral way of talking

about verbal communication okay so

that’s how we use say an introduction to

how we use say then let’s talk about how

to use tell we use tell a little bit

differently from the way that we use say

so we use tell when we want to show kind

of a one way nuance there’s sort of

one-way communication happening so by

that I mean that someone is passing new

information or giving new information to

another person something I do not

already know I’m having someone tell me

someone is going to tell me new

information so we use this in past tense

a lot the past tense of tell is told he

told me she told me they told me this

gives us the nuance of new information

something I’m learning something I am

hearing for the first time I can use

tell or told in past tense also one

point about to tell the object in many

cases is a person so by that I mean

after the verb tell the item coming

after it in the sentence is usually a

person so the person receiving the

information so please tell me please

tell her please tell him the person

indicated here or the group of people

indicated here after the verb tell

that’s the person or the group of people

receiving the information learning the

information okay so let’s see I told you

to call me here I have the past tense I

told you to call me so you this is the

receiver of the information I told you

to call me I asked you to call me here

okay

so this is the report some some

command we can use tell and told to give

commands I told you to call me I gave

you the new request to call me in other

words okay one more a request this time

can you tell me where the bathroom is

so here tell me so this is a request for

information can you tell me where the

bathroom is I don’t know where the

bathroom is please give me new

information please tell me where it is

okay here we also use present tense yeah

so when your geek when you’re making a

requests please make sure to use the

present tense can you tell me something

one more why didn’t you tell me

the party was cancelled another question

why didn’t you tell me

so you didn’t give me new information

about the party why why didn’t you tell

me

bla bla bla we can use this pattern for

if you miss information or if someone

forgot to tell you something if someone

forgot to give you information that you

needed you can say why didn’t you tell

me

bah bah blah to make a different

sentence you could say why didn’t you

tell her or why didn’t you tell them why

didn’t you tell our boss some other

examples a positive sentence could be

why did you tell him why did you tell

her for example if someone tells a

secret hmm

so we can use tell to give new

information to pass new information

along okay so that’s tell so the next

verb that I want to talk about today is

the verb speak so we use speak to mean a

conversation yes so speak has the nuance

of a conversation but it has the nuance

of a more formal tone we would use speak

in more formal situations like a

business meeting or a work setting for

example or for maybe a more serious

conversation but we can use speak with

either with or two so I mean speak with

someone and speak to someone so the

difference between these two is very

very small if you say speak with my boss

it sounds like you expect a conversation

with your boss speaking with someone

sounds like there’s information passing

back and forth between the two of you

speak to your boss

sounds more like for example you’re

going to say a lot of things you’re

going to give a lot of information and

your boss will participate a little bit

but there’s more nuance of giving

information than passing information

back and forth so if you want to make a

more conversational nuance use with

speak with someone if you want it to

sound a little more one-sided a little

more one-way use speak to someone okay

so we also use speak four languages like

I speak English I speak French I speak

Japanese I don’t speak German I don’t

speak Thai so please you speak four

languages as well the past tense of

speak is spoke please be careful it is

not speak to please use spoke the past

tense is spoke I spoke English every day

when I lived in America for example so

please use spoke as the past tense here

also the past participle form is spoken

spoken so we’ll see that in a little bit

maybe okay

so some example sentence is you should

speak with or to your boss so here you

can choose with sounds more

conversational to sounds a little more

direct you should speak with your boss

you should speak to your boss okay past

tense sentence I spoke with my manager I

spoke with my manager we shared

information last have you spoken to HR

have you spoken to HR here’s a present

perfect tense sentence I’ve used spoken

here okay good so that’s a nice maybe a

wrap up of a few different verbs that

are commonly confused when talking about

speech let’s go to some example

sentences all right the first example

sentence is my friend something

something me my cooking was bad okay my

cooking was bad this is probably new

information for a person another hint we

have me there’s a person here in the

object position of the sentence so we

can guess this should be the verb tell

however we have this hint my cooking was

bad was bad a pass

tense so we should use the past tense

form of tell told here okay next one

they something something I have to work

tomorrow so here I have to work tomorrow

this is maybe just information it sounds

like somebody passed some information to

me so if I want to think of this as like

reporting speech I would use the verb

say in the past tense

said so I know this should not be tell

because there’s no object here I know it

should not be speak because there’s no

width and there’s no two here either so

I know this should be they said I have

to work tomorrow

of course this sentence could be they

told me I have to work tomorrow

it sounds more like a command in that

case here they said I have to work

tomorrow is very neutral and just a

simple report of speech okay next one he

really needs to something something with

his client so here is a big hint word we

have the word with here and we also have

client here which shows maybe a business

or a work setting therefore we can guess

the verb should be speak he really needs

to speak with his client okay great

next one have you something something

your mother the news the news so here

news is a big hint new information new

information and we have a person a

person in the object position a person

is going to receive new information so

have you told your mother the news is

the correct sentence here so have you

told bla bla bla is actually a really

good sentence for you to remember have

you told your mom about that have you

told your dad about that have you told

your dog about your new park

I don’t know so anytime you want to pass

information or ask a question about

information being passed

please use tell to do that like we’ve

done here have you told someone okay

let’s go to the next one we something

something about this at the last meeting

so again meeting here is a big hint that

it is a work or a more form

situation we see that this is the last

meeting so something that has finished

already so let’s use past tense spoke we

spoke about this at the last meeting we

spoke about this is the last meeting

here I have introduced something

slightly different from this speak with

or speak to if you want to mention a

topic rather than about a person we can

use speak about a topic speak about

something hmm

we spoke about this at the last meeting

we can use speak to introduce a topic as

well so please note that this is an

option ok let’s go to the next one you

always bah bah bah nice things nice

thing so always here I have a word which

indicates a regular action something

that is always true we talked about an

example over here though I used never

here however the grammar is still the

same we should still use the same

grammar nuance the same grammar point

here so let’s use the present tense say

you always say nice thing

so someone always says positive things

or someone always makes very positive

comments like for example everybody in

the comments on these videos everybody

always says very nice things we can use

always say to talk about something that

a person always says ok finally same

thing he always something something the

truth ok now this is tricky I’ve used

always here

I used always in the previous one as

well but the thing I want to point out

is this the truth at the end of the

sentence there’s a set phrase in English

we don’t use say we actually use tell

with the expression the truth he always

tells the truth so the expressions tell

the truth and the opposite tell a lie we

always use the verb tell with this you

might hear I sometimes hear non-native

speakers of English they say a lie

or say the truth but this is not natural

please be sure to use tell the truth or

tell a lie we always use tell in these

cases so please be careful of that okay

but we’ve talked about a lot of

different ways to use these three verbs

and I hope that it’s a little bit more

clear now when to use them

especially say until many people have a

little bit of confusion between these

two but speak is also quite useful as

well okay so I hope that was useful for

you if you have any questions please be

sure to leave them in the comment

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