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[Music]
hi everybody my name is alicia in this
lesson i’m going to talk about the
differences between amid
among and between i’m also going to talk
a little bit about some old-fashioned
uses of these words too let’s get
started all right i want to begin this
lesson by talking about the word amid
amid
so amid refers to being surrounded by
something
and it refers to being in a condition so
when we use the word amid
it’s not like we’re talking about many
different objects but rather we’re
talking about being in a condition or
being in a situation
so you can imagine yourself surrounded
by a condition or being inside a
condition that’s when we use this word
the second point is that amid is a
rather formal word from these words i’m
going to talk about today amid is the
most formal you may also know the word
amidst amidst this is quite formal and
we really don’t use it that much it
sounds uh kind of archaic which means
old-fashioned or like old-style english
you might see this word in like poems or
in maybe books that were written a long
time ago
we don’t use this word very much today
but amid generally does sound more
formal more polite
we use amid then
with uncountable nouns and these
uncountable nouns are often like
abstract nouns so they’re often like an
idea or a concept instead of an object
specifically so let’s take a look at a
few examples of this
first one
i lost my keys amid the confusion at the
end of the party
so here amid comes before the noun the
confusion so confusion this is not an
object this is an abstract noun this is
an idea confusion a confused condition
so we imagine being inside this
confusing situation or this condition of
confusion i lost my keys so we use it in
this way so it’s like an abstract kind
of concept we’re not talking about being
inside like a physical thing but we’re
inside like a concept let’s look at one
more example
her nervousness disappeared
amid the excitement of the party so here
my noun is excitement the excitement of
the party so we imagine being at a party
and it’s an exciting condition so we can
say excitement so amid the excitement
means being inside the condition of and
like an exciting situation
her nervousness disappeared so that
means she was nervous before the party
maybe but because she was inside this
condition of excitement amid the
excitement her nervous feelings
disappeared her nervousness disappeared
because she was in this condition
okay one more example they chose to
cancel our project amid growing concern
about the company budget
here my noun is concern growing concern
so we can use concern as both a singular
and as a plural form like in the
singular and in the plural form but here
i’m using concern as like an abstract
idea so that doesn’t mean like a
specific person’s concern or a specific
person’s like problem but i’m talking
specifically or rather
non-specifically about like everybody’s
like the whole company’s idea or the
whole company’s like uh worry about the
situation so we can use concern in this
way
here i’ve added this modifying word too
growing concern so i’m showing that the
concern in the company is getting bigger
so
inside this situation inside like
increasing or growing concern in this
situation our project was cancelled or
they chose to cancel our project so
because of these growing of this growing
concern
about the company budget in this case so
you’ll notice in each of these i’m using
this very abstract idea so confusion
excitement or concern i’m not talking
about like an object here so you’ll
notice a mid usually follows something
similar we’re using these very
conceptual nouns with amid
okay so with that in mind with our very
formal word in mind i want to continue
to the next word for this lesson which
is among among so i have two points here
because there are kind of two common
ways that we use among a couple patterns
that are common first
we use among uh when we want to refer to
being surrounded by things so this is
different from a mid remember we used a
mid to talk about a condition or a
situation
here a mung is more used for objects or
maybe other people so these are these
are actual like tangible we can touch
these things they’re not abstract
second we use among when uh we’re like
talking about having many options so
when we refer to having many options or
refer to having many choices so when
there are many different things to
choose from we often use the word among
to kind of make our question i’ll show
you an example of this
okay
among is less formal than amid so you
will probably see this more commonly or
you’ll see this more often than the word
amid
like amid as we talked about with amidst
this kind of old-fashioned archaic word
among also has one the word is amongst
amongst but just like with amidst this
word is not used very much and it can
sound quite old-fashioned so it’s going
to sound like contemporary modern
regular english
today if you use among so don’t worry
about using amongst you may see it from
time to time but it has an older feel
about it
okay
when we’re using the word among then we
use it with countable nouns in the
plural form this is how you’ll see it
used so let’s take a look at some
examples of this
first
he spent a year living among
monks at a temple so here i have among
my noun is monks monks so these are
people who live at temples in this case
and we see here with the s i’m using the
plural form so monk is a countable noun
and the plural form takes an s here so
he spent a year living among so this
means he was one person
and he was surrounded by monks at a
temple so among tells us this among
tells us this situation we would not say
amid here because amid plus this uh
countable noun that’s like people sounds
unnatural it doesn’t sound right we use
amid to talk about conditions
so among sounds much better because
we’re talking about people or objects
and he in this case is one from those
people that he’s surrounded by let’s
look at another example
we saw a dog among the people in the
crowd so a dog among in this case my
noun is the people the people so we can
use among to refer to like groups of
people we can use it to talk about like
a class or a crowd or a team for example
so we understand that that’s a group yes
but it’s made up of individuals so it
sounds quite natural to use that here we
have the people in this case it’s a
crowd of people so we know that there
are many people and the dog is one
object or one creature that’s inside
this group so a dog among people again
we would not use amid here amid the
people it sounds better to use among
because we want to emphasize the
individuals there in the group
okay
finally i want to end with
an example that shows us point two that
i talked about when we have many options
or choices so here i’ve made a simple
sentence a simple question
from among these classes which do you
think is the most useful
from among these classes so imagine in
this case maybe you’re showing someone a
book or some kind of guide from your
university or a school and you’re asking
for a recommendation and you point from
these classes maybe you’re looking at a
group of classes and you say from these
specifically like this group
which do you think is the most useful so
we use among in this case when we’re
talking about many choices so we’re not
talking about two actually we use
between for two which i will talk about
in just a moment but when you have a
group of things to choose from you can
use among to ask someone a question like
from among these classes or from among
these flavors which do you like the best
so if you have a large number of
something like more than two or like
three four or five that’s fine you can
use among
i’ve also put from in parentheses here
sometimes native speakers will drop the
from here
you’ll hear among these classes or well
as we’ll talk about later we see the
same thing with between but you might
hear this part um either very short like
from
or
you might hear it dropped completely
like from among these classes which do
you think is the most useful
so we can use this when we’re asking uh
for recommendations uh we’re asking for
preferences so this is how we use among
among all right let’s continue on to the
last word for this lesson which is
between between so between also has two
points i want to talk about today the
first
is it refers to being in the middle of
two other things so if i imagine
like i want to make a sentence about the
blue marker i can say the blue marker is
between the red markers so this refers
to being uh in the middle
of two other objects so this is point
one
second we use it when we’re making
decisions from two options so i
mentioned when we talked about among
that we use among when we have like a
group of options we have many options
if however you have two options you can
use between to make the question to ask
about a preference or to ask for a
recommendation
so between can be casual or it can be
formal it just depends on the situation
it depends on the conversation
and something special about between we
can use between with this pattern this
two plus a plural noun i’ll show you an
example of this so first i want to talk
about
point one here some examples with point
one first i dropped my wallet between
the desk and the wall between the desk
and the wall so here there are two
things two nouns
the desk and the wall so that means the
wallet is in the middle of those two
objects if my desk is here and the wall
is here my wallet is in the middle of
those two so i dropped my wallet between
a and b in this case so that shows us
something is in the middle of something
else
second
this uses this kind of two pattern i
mentioned we parked our car between two
ferraris so here this follows a
different pattern between two
and ferraris this is in the plural form
so a ferrari is an expensive car a
sports car so here i’m using two
ferraris so this shows that on both
sides of our car
there was a ferrari so one on this side
and one on this side so it sounds better
to say two ferraris then we parked our
car between a ferrari and a ferrari that
sounds
a little bit unnatural instead we would
say i parked my car between two ferraris
so if they are the same thing if both
sides are the same thing you can use
this two plus the plural noun pattern
okay
finally about point number two here when
you’re making a decision or you’re
trying to ask for a recommendation or
something
we can use this between pattern
very similar to among so this sentence
is
from between these two colors which do
you think is better for the room so
imagine you’re choosing paint for a room
from between these two colors which do
you think is better so we use between
when there are two
options so like from between these which
do you like best or from between these
flavors which do you think is spicier so
we use this between for two choices and
we use among more for like many choices
three or more so again with between
you’ll often hear people drop this from
and just begin by saying between these
two which do you like so
um you can choose to include from or not
it’s quite casual to drop the from at
the beginning of a sentence like this so
if you have two choices it sounds really
nice to use between to offer those
choices to introduce them
okay so i hope that that helps you
understand the differences between amid
and among and between if you have any
questions or if you have comments or if
you want to practice making an example
sentence with these words please feel
free to do so in the comments section of
this video of course if you like the
video please don’t forget to give it a
thumbs up subscribe to our channel if
you haven’t already and check us out at
englishclass101.com
for some other things that can help you
with your english studies thanks very
much for watching this lesson and i will
see you again soon bye-bye
hi everybody my name is alicia in this
lesson i’m going to talk about the
differences between make and do i’m
going to talk about the key points when
we should choose which verb so i want to
start by looking at the verb make let’s
look over here
first the most important point i think
about this verb is that we use make to
talk about creating something so when we
use make it’s to talk about something
that was not there before so we are like
creating something new so when we use
the verb make it’s not just an action
but there’s something new happening
there’s some kind of creation related
activity happening so i want to look at
a couple of very common examples of the
ways that we use the verb make
first we commonly use it when we’re
talking about cooking so we can use this
before like meal titles for example make
breakfast make lunch or make dinner make
coffee as well we are creating something
new so we are making that thing that’s
why we use make referring to creation
you can also use a specific food name
here like make pasta or make a cake make
cookies so we use make a lot to talk
about creating food or creating drinks
like make a cocktail or make a smoothie
as well so something new is happening
through our actions
another common one is the expression
make an appointment make an appointment
so when we call or we maybe make a
reservation or make an appointment
online we are creating something new so
before that action there was no
appointment now there is an appointment
now there is a reservation as well so we
make an appointment we create an
appointment
the next one
make a video so for kind of creative
related jobs like for example now i am
making a video i’m creating something so
when you write things or maybe post
things online you could say i’m going to
like make some content or i’m going to
make a video or maybe i’m going to make
a photo gallery for example so you’re
creating something new
if you want to talk about your writing
it does sound a little more natural to
say for example write a blog post or
like write an essay so if you can be
very specific about your verb choice
it’s good to use that like write
something but in general in these cases
like making um like photos or making a
photo gallery rather
you can use the verb make to talk about
that to make a video okay
on to the next one another common one to
make a friend to make a friend so this
really means to make like a friendship
but we use the expression make a friend
make a friend
so when you meet a new person you can
say i made a friend another one make an
outline so i included this one because i
was thinking about work related
expressions so an outline is like a
rough idea of something the rough idea
of like a presentation or a new project
to make an outline to create an outline
you could use this uh this same kind of
phrasing with like presentations like to
make a presentation you will also hear
give a presentation but you might hear
make a presentation so make a
presentation make an outline make a
design for something make a template so
again all of these refer to creating
something that was not there before so
you’re creating something new we use the
verb make
next one is make time to make time this
is an interesting and very common
expression so actually this means yes
we’re creating time but not like time
in space we’re creating time in our
schedule so that means if i have maybe a
lot of things in my schedule i have a
lot of appointments i made a lot of
appointments i made a lot of
reservations i cancel something or i
find some time in my schedule to do an
activity so that’s called making time i
want to make time so i’m not actually
creating time itself but i’m creating
time in my schedule so opening some time
in my schedule we use the expression
make time to talk about that
next one
is make preparations for make
preparations for this is kind of a
formal expression
but we use this to talk about like um
periods before events or periods before
like big projects like we’re making
preparations for a party we’re making
preparations for a presentation so to
make preparations for means like you’re
getting everything ready to do something
else
so this is kind of a useful one a useful
expression when you have lots of little
things to take care of
and you don’t want to express everything
individually you can just say make
preparations for or more casually get
ready for but this is nice for business
i feel okay the second point i want to
talk about inside this make point is
about how we use the verb make
to talk about actions caused by
something else
so you can kind of think of this again
as like something is being created yes
in this case it’s going to be like um
someone else’s action is being created
or someone else’s emotion is being
created
so the pattern that we see here in this
case i’m using someone
to make someone cry
here with a verb or to make someone work
so we can use a verb in this pattern
like to make someone cry or to make
someone work means to cause that person
to cry or to cause a person to work to
force someone so these are kind of like
you can think of these as like actions
that have been created so one person
caused another person to cry it’s like
that was created that’s kind of how you
can imagine
mick is being used here we can also use
adjectives here like to make someone
happy or to make someone sad or to make
someone angry another way to say this is
to cause someone to be sad to cause
someone to be happy to cause someone to
be angry so again we’re creating an
emotion in another person so all of
these examples relate to creating
something that’s really a key point with
this verb with make okay
so let’s compare this then to the verb
do the verb do is used to talk about an
action or an activity but we’re not
actually creating anything it’s like
we’re going through emotion
we’re just taking a simple action but
maybe nothing new is coming from the
action let’s look at some common
examples
very useful for students and maybe for
people working do homework do homework
or do homework or like do reports i have
to do some reports or i have to do some
grading if you’re a teacher to do
homework
homework maybe you can think well aren’t
i creating something it’s more like
we’re completing something um so do
homework is kind of a very general set
expression that’s like just a task i
have to do for school so to do homework
or to do a report it’s just like a set
task i need to complete this task so
maybe it’s not like i’m creating
anything maybe if like inside your
homework you have to make something you
can say that like i need to do my
homework i have to make a model you
could be specific about your homework
but if you want to talk generally about
your homework just use do do homework
okay another common one is do the dishes
to do the dishes just means to wash the
dishes you can choose do the dishes or
wash the dishes we do not use make the
dishes here because to make dishes would
mean to create the actual dish which is
not the case here we’re just washing
dishes so to do the dishes it’s a very
common one we use do a lot for household
chores actually like do the vacuuming
or like do the washing for clothes as
we’ll see a little bit later so you’ll
hear this for some everyday household
tasks as well
another one do a presentation i’m going
to do a presentation about something you
might also hear give a presentation i
also mentioned over here like make an
outline i mentioned make a presentation
too
when we use make a presentation it
sounds more like uh creating the content
for the presentation like if you use the
verb make it sounds maybe like you’re
talking about uh creating the things
you’re going to say or like pictures
imagery data you’re making your
presentation content and then when you
have finished that you can say i’m doing
a presentation tomorrow or i’m giving a
presentation tomorrow about this thing
so maybe make a presentation comes first
do the presentation or give the
presentation comes next like actually
speaking so you might hear do or give a
presentation at work
another one is for sports do exercises
do exercises you’ll also hear i’ve used
exercises yes you’ll also hear do used
with sports like sports that don’t use
like a ball so for example like uh to do
yoga uh yoga is like not a ball sport
it’s kind of an activity related sport
so we use do to talk about that we do
not use do basketball or do soccer or do
tennis
we use play for those so if you want to
talk about those kinds of sports
that maybe don’t use a ball or it’s not
like a team sport but it’s just like
activity related like do exercises or do
aerobics is another one
you can use do to talk about that
okay another one uh i’ve got two here
actually is to do one’s hair or to do
one’s nails so to do in this case means
to style one’s hair like to do your hair
but we imagine when we use do for hair
that it’s like your everyday style like
you wake up brush your teeth and do your
hair so it just means you fix your hair
to make it nice for the day so it
doesn’t always mean like a big fancy
style but it can just mean like your
everyday hairstyle to do your hair
for nails then to do your nails means to
paint your nails usually so uh do your
nails is quite common we don’t really
say style your nails actually
you can also use the verb have like i’m
going to have a manicure or get i’m
going to get a manicure so you can use
that for
your fingernails or your toenails as
well to do your nails usually means
color to get a manicure can mean color
or no color so this is common in beauty
then too so to do your hair to do your
nails okay another one is to do a puzzle
so we might see this in like games and
other kind of activities related to that
to do a puzzle you might think that a
puzzle would use make like make a puzzle
because we’re creating a picture kind of
but we use do because it’s like the
puzzle has already been created we’re
just putting the pieces together so we
are doing a puzzle uh you can also use
this for other like word games like to
do a crossword puzzle
that’s something else that we use this
with another game
so if you
like to do that kind of thing you can
use do to talk about it
i mentioned then do
the laundry so i mentioned that this is
commonly used with household chores so
do the laundry is another example so i
think maybe british english users do the
washing in american english we use do
the laundry which means wash clothes so
to do the laundry is another do
expression
i want to end then with
this point to say that this is just as
like an example of how sometimes do
could be used in a way that seems
confusing so i talked over here about
the expression like make breakfast make
lunch make dinner but another common
expression is do breakfast or do lunch
or do dinner so what does that mean
so here this question
the answer is it means to go to a
restaurant so the speaker is not
actually creating the food there it’s
usually used for a meeting so like you
go to a restaurant or you go to a coffee
shop and you have a meeting there
and you can informally casually invite
someone to the meeting with you by
saying do lunch like let’s do lunch
let’s do coffee let’s do dinner it often
sounds like some kind of informal
meeting so using do in this way kind of
creates a casual feel and there’s no
like feeling of creating anything it’s
more like an activity so
you can kind of imagine that do is more
for activities
make is for creating things okay so this
is an introduction to the key ways in
which do and make are different as i
said keep in mind make is used to talk
about creating things there are other
ways to use these verbs yes but i wanted
to introduce some common examples of the
ways that they’re used in everyday life
so i hope that this was helpful but if
you have any questions or comments or if
you want to practice making some
sentences in the comments section of
this video please feel free to do so of
course if you like the video please
don’t forget to give it a thumbs up
subscribe to the channel if you haven’t
already and please check us out at
englishclass101.com
for some other things that can help you
with your english studies thanks very
much for watching this lesson and i will
see you again soon bye-bye
hi everybody my name is alicia in this
lesson i’m going to talk about the
adjective bad and i’m going to talk
about some adjectives that are like
leveled up versions of the word bad so
i’m going to introduce a lot of
adjectives that have like deeper
meanings of bad and i’m going to share
some example sentences so first i want
to introduce the way i’ve presented this
material so this is what’s called an
adjective wheel so inside this wheel
this circle there are lots of adjectives
i separated them into groups and so
we’re going to see how all of the groups
mean similar things but we’re going to
explore
the small differences in meaning so i
want to start with this part of the
wheel so at the center is the word bad
our focus word
i want to begin with this part we’re
going to focus on these three words to
begin so from the center the next word
out is the word decayed this is an
adjective all of these are adjectives
and outside of decayed there are two
more words so here in this group we have
decayed
rotten and spoiled so this is
r-o-t-t-e-n rotten but in american
english we usually pronounce it as
rotten rotten
spoiled is pronounced as it is spelled
spoiled you may also hear this word
pronounced in british english and
perhaps australian english as spoilt
spoiled with a t sound at the end so
decayed the root here is decay which
means that something is like is very old
or maybe it’s dead and it’s becoming
like in a worse state than originally
spoiled and rotten share a meaning which
means that something
is like maybe growing mold like in your
refrigerator or it’s no longer safe to
eat as with food we can also use this
word to talk about like children who
have had like too much good stuff like
too much candy or too much money or too
much fun they expect too many fun things
so it’s something um that was maybe good
before but now is not good so these are
things that are spoiled or rotten
let’s look at how we use these words in
sentences you’ll notice a theme here
first let’s look at the word decayed
we found a decayed animal next to the
road so a decayed animal this means that
the animal is dead and that means the
body is decomposing so to decompose
means it’s not um like an animal shape
anymore the body is slowly breaking into
small pieces so it has like this really
disgusting image a decayed animal
another word
rotten so in this sentence i’ve used
this ew it was a way that we express
disgust casually ew
so ew there’s rotten food in your fridge
so rotten food means the food is not
safe to eat the food smells bad
something is rotten there’s rotten food
in your fridge
and
i think this milk is spoiled i think
this milk is spoiled so these two words
when you’re talking about food you can
use them in the same way like i think
this milk is rotten or ew there’s
spoiled food in your fridge you can use
both of those in the same way so we use
these a lot to talk about food and
drinks decay sends tends to sound a
little more serious like maybe it’s
maybe after like a natural disaster like
a person maybe or like an animal
something that maybe sounds a little
more
severe we might use decay for that so
this is our first group in this
adjective wheel
let’s move on to this next part over
here these three words the words are
stressful
unpleasant and troubling stressful
unpleasant and troubling so stressful we
see inside this word is stress stress so
something that causes us to feel stress
is stressful
in this word unpleasant we see un
meaning not and pleasant so pleasant
means a good thing something we enjoy
but unpleasant means not enjoyable
something we do not enjoy
and finally troubling something is
troubling
so trouble is here in this word so that
means it causes us to sense trouble so
maybe we don’t feel trouble but maybe we
feel concerned or we feel worried so
let’s look at how we use these words in
sentences first let’s look at stressful
moving to a new house is so stressful so
it causes us stress
now let’s look at unpleasant here that
meeting was really unpleasant so it was
not enjoyable maybe someone had an
argument or there was a big disagreement
that meeting was really unpleasant so
not good
and causing stress as well
third troubling there was troubling
information in the company report so
troubling means like we have a sense
that trouble is happening or there’s
some trouble somewhere so it’s trouble
and like stress it causes a stress and
we sense trouble so troubling and
unpleasant are not necessarily the same
thing so the meeting was maybe
unpleasant but it might not have been
troubling maybe there was no sense of
like trouble or a problem it was just
not a good meeting maybe people were
unhappy
so
these are kind of
related similar adjectives but not quite
the same
okay let’s continue on to this group at
the bottom of the wheel this group here
of three
the base kind of here for this group is
poor quality poor quality so poor
quality means not good quality so
for example things that are maybe very
cheap are sometimes poor quality or
things that we make very quickly are
poor quality
the other two words in this group are
the very casual crappy some people might
consider crappy a curse word so please
be careful you might hear crappy or
crummy crummy is good to use if you’re
worried about this sounding like a swear
word crummy is spelled
m c-r-u-m-m-y crummy or you might hear
cheap also
a more polite word to use especially at
work is
unsatisfactory unsatisfactory
so let’s look at how to use these words
first poor quality for example my phone
case is really poor quality is really
poor quality so that means maybe it
breaks easily or it doesn’t protect my
phone or it scratches really easily for
example so my phone case is really poor
quality
let’s move on then to crappy so crappy
as i said has like a very casual meaning
about it so something that’s crappy
sounds really really low we can also use
it to describe our feelings like i feel
really crappy today
here in my example sentence i bought a
super crappy pair of shoes online so
here i’ve also used the modifier super
so super also indicates it’s a very
casual situation so we use this word
mostly among close friends and we don’t
use it in polite situations so crappy
means extremely poor quality very low
quality
finally let’s look at this word
unsatisfactory unsatisfactory and if we
break this word down we see the prefix
here on
combined with satisfactory the root here
is the word satisfy so satisfy to
satisfy means like to be pleased with
something to be happy about something so
this means not satisfied with something
not happy about something
in relationship to quality as well
okay so in an example sentence your
sales performance this quarter was
unsatisfactory
it was unsatisfactory so that means your
performance was of poor quality but that
means that it’s like something that we
were not satisfied by so it was not good
but this is a polite way to say like we
wish you had done better for example
okay so that’s this bottom group here
that relates to poor quality a poor
quality meaning
let’s move on to the next group then
this group here so the base word in this
group is mean mean so mean is very
commonly used among kids for someone who
is being unkind someone is unkind we can
say that person is mean
after mean i have these two words which
are evil and corrupt so evil often
refers to like characters in stories so
someone who is
we could say very bad like the bad guy
or like the villain in a story is often
considered evil
so someone who is evil is like 100
percent bad so they want to do
mean things or unkind things or terrible
things
corrupt is a bit different corrupt is
used a lot in the real world to talk
about real world
people and real world situations not
just characters and stories corrupt
means that someone is influenced in a
negative way so often like they’re
taking money or they’re taking favors
in exchange for a service exchange for
something so let’s look at how we use
these adjectives first with mean a
common example is something like this
kids might say why are you being so mean
so why are you being so unkind so maybe
a child would say this to like their
parents when told they can’t do
something why are you being so mean
here with the use of evil a question do
you think darth vader was truly an evil
character
so evil means do you really think that
he was 100
bad so evil here as i said relates a lot
to like stories and storytelling finally
the word corrupt
in this example sentence many people
think politicians are corrupt so that
means again exchanging something like
money or favors in exchange for
another favor in this case in politics
so these all kind of relate to
unkindness being unkind or being mean as
an extension of bad
okay
finally then this last group here
these three words the base here is
harmful harmful so causing harm here we
see full at the end of harm as we saw
with stressful here so these words refer
to causing that thing causing stress and
causing harm here so harmful
means something
that causes us like to feel
maybe in danger or it causes harm as i
said so within that idea there are two
adjectives first is dangerous so the
root here is danger so something that
could be like potentially um
unsafe for people’s health or to their
body and the other word is detrimental
detrimental so here we have detriment
inside this word which means like it
causes a loss in some way so it causes
like a reduction of some kind a decrease
of some kind and something so let’s look
at how we use these in sentences
first is harmful
secondhand smoke is harmful to people’s
health so again it causes harm it causes
damage to people’s health
second is the word dangerous in this
example don’t drive so fast it’s
dangerous it’s unsafe to drive so fast
and finally detrimental he gave a
terrible speech last year it was
detrimental to his career this is a
common way that we use detrimental so we
follow detrimental with your preposition
to so detrimental to what this shows us
it was detrimental meaning it caused a
loss and this part here after the
adjective
explains what like was reduced or what
decreased because of this other thing so
in this case
his career kind of decreased or he like
lost maybe something good about his
career it caused damage to his career so
we use this pattern detrimental to
something to explain that
okay so that’s the final group there but
this is a quick intro introduction to
just actually a few words that mean bad
there are a lot more words um but you
can check a thesaurus to see some more
examples
and to get a few more example sentences
as well so you can check out a lot more
words that mean bad but these are some
good ways i think to start leveling up
your use of this adjective so if you
have any questions or comments or if you
want to practice making an example
sentence with one of these words please
feel free to do so in the comment
section of this video of course if you
liked this lesson please don’t forget to
give it a thumbs up subscribe to our
channel if you have not already and
check us out at englishclass101.com
for some other things that can help you
with your english studies thanks very
much for watching this lesson and i will
see you again soon bye-bye
hi everybody my name is alicia in this
lesson i’m going to talk about a way to
level up your adjectives this lesson i’m
going to focus on the word good so with
good as the base adjective for this
lesson i’m going to talk about some
other adjectives that share the meaning
of the word good but that have kind of a
deeper or a more specific meaning of
this word so let’s get started for this
lesson i’m going to use what’s called an
adjective wheel so the layout for this
is our base adjective is in the middle
of the wheel in this case good
and in the next layer there are kind of
these additional adjectives that have a
slightly deeper meaning than just good
finally on the outermost layer on this
outside layer of the wheel there are
even more specific adjectives so the aim
of this lesson is to help you understand
some differences between these kinds of
adjectives and to give you some example
situations where you might use these
words so i want to begin with this part
of the wheel here
so
the first sort of more specific
adjective the first deeper adjective is
the word pleasant
pleasant this is the pronunciation
something that is pleasant is good is
nice is favorable we have a good feeling
about it it’s used for like situations
and it kind of sounds a little bit
formal
within pleasant i have these two
adjectives they are
superb superb and wonderful wonderful
so something that is superb maybe you
can see here the root here we have the
word super in the middle super plus b
superb superb so superb sounds much more
formal than super and we use it
something for something that is really
good that is very pleasant and it also
sounds a little bit formal
the other word here wonderful if we
break this word down we can imagine this
means wonder plus full meaning full of
wonder or causing us to feel full of
wonder so this expresses something happy
something positive again something
pleasant
this is less formal than pleasant or
superb so let’s look at some example
sentences that use these adjectives
okay
first one
have a pleasant stay have a pleasant
stay this is something you would hear at
a hotel or another kind of
accommodations place have a pleasant
stay like i said this word is a little
bit more formal so it sounds quite
natural to use in polite situations or
in like customer staff relationships
the next example sentence dinner last
night was superb dinner last night was
superb so we want to express kind of
formally that dinner was good but a
better word than good is superb using
superb here suggests that the dinner was
very very good and maybe kind of
expensive maybe somewhat formal so we
use superb in more formal situations
finally
i’m happy to have lots of wonderful
friends so here we’re using this in kind
of a more casual situation we’re talking
about friendship so our wonderful
friends so that means they’re great
people they’re really really good people
we can use wonderful to express that
naturally yes and it sounds better than
just good friends so wonderful
like shows that they’re amazing they’re
fantastic also words that mean wonderful
okay let’s move on to the next section
of this wheel let’s move on to this part
right here these three adjectives the
first word the base word here is useful
useful so again we can kind of take the
same approach we took to wonderful and
break this word down use full means
something that is full of uses so that
means we can use it for something and
that’s a good thing
the next word here is talented talented
so someone who has a talent we use this
adjective for people someone who has a
talent or who has a skill and we tend to
use this to mean that that person
therefore is useful so it’s a good thing
to be talented finally in this section
the word reliable reliable so here we
see this able or the pronunciation in
this case is hubble meaning able to do
something like it’s possible to do
something and the base here the spelling
is a bit different but the base here is
rely to rely like the verb to rely so
someone who it is possible to rely on or
we can trust that person we do not say
trustable we say reliable or we could
say trustworthy if you want but reliable
so someone or something we can rely on
let’s look at some examples with these
words then first useful
i hope this lesson is useful i hope this
lesson is useful meaning i hope that
inside this lesson you find something
you can use you find something useful
this lesson is useful
the second example sentence i heard that
guy isn’t very reliable i heard that guy
isn’t very reliable so here i’m using
the negative he isn’t very reliable that
means maybe we can’t rely on him so it’s
not a good idea to rely on him so
reliable is typically a good thing so if
you or something in your life is not
reliable that’s a negative thing
finally we have a talented team we have
a talented team so here team refers to a
team of people a talented team means a
lot of people or a group of people who
have talents so this could be multiple
talents it could be the same talent
whatever a talented team so a very
positive comment
okay let’s move along to this part the
bottom part of the wheel here
this part the base is the word
beneficial
beneficial so here the root here is
benefit benefit so it’s like we receive
something good we get a benefit
when we want to express this in the
adjective form we call something
beneficial beneficial
the other two words here are
advantageous advantageous and profitable
profitable the first word here
advantageous this is kind of interesting
because the pronunciation changes a
little bit we have the noun advantage
advantage when we pronounce this
adjective though we say
advantageous advantageous so the
emphasis comes on this advantage
syllable advantageous instead of
advantage as in the noun form so please
be careful of this
so an advantageous thing is something
that gives us an advantage so we get
like a higher position somehow we get a
good position or a better position than
someone else or than something else
this word here
profitable the root here we have profit
and then again we see able here at the
end so possible too
so profit plus able means something that
will maybe possibly give us profit so
profit is money so we get money from
something
so let’s take a look at some example
sentences that use these let’s start
with the word beneficial
here our new healthcare plan will be
beneficial for millions of people so
beneficial for millions of people means
millions of people will get a benefit
they will get something good because of
this health care plan so this will be
beneficial for millions of people
the second example sentence this
contract is advantageous for both of our
companies
this means in this case this contract
this document or this agreement
gives this company company a and company
b an advantage it’s good for both
companies
finally the third example sentence
we expect our new product line to be
quite profitable quite profitable so
here i’ve used quite to modify
profitable this means very quite means
vary be careful it is not quiet or quit
but quite quite profitable so this means
we expect our new product line will help
us get lots of money so profitable means
it’s going to bring in money in some way
you may notice too that these example
sentences are in like business
situations or more formal situations so
these words here might be very useful in
more business english settings so
these words all sound a little bit more
formal we don’t use these so much in
everyday conversation though they’re
common in the news
and other kind of like meeting
and planning related uh discussions okay
let’s move on to this next group here
the next part
the base is perfect the word perfect so
perfect means there’s no problems with
it or it’s just right so just right
means it fits a situation or it suits a
situation so
it’s exactly as needed
inside perfect then there are these two
words pure
and
flawless
so pure
means that it is untainted something
that is untainted so untainted means
like it’s not dirty or there’s never
been a problem with it or it’s exactly
as it was when it was created we’ll see
an example of this in a moment
flawless we can break this word down
into flaw and less so less means having
none of something know of something zero
of something so
no flaws so a flaw means a problem or
like some kind of damage or some issue
something negative so no flaws in
something so let’s see some examples of
how to use these words first
wow this cake is perfect this cake is
perfect so you might use this at like a
children’s birthday party for example oh
this cake is perfect that means like
it’s great for the party it’s exactly
what we need for the party or maybe the
cake is very well made so the flavor is
perfect you could say
this cake is perfect can have a few
different meanings
but you can be specific about what you
want to say by maybe changing
this part here wow this cake tastes
perfect or this cake is perfect for the
party
but more generally you could just say
this cake is perfect so perfect just
shows you feel like it’s just right it’s
exactly as needed
okay the second example sentence is a
question actually is this pure fruit
juice is this pure fruit juice so this
means is this 100 fruit juice is this
natural 100 natural fruit juice so maybe
you’ve seen at supermarkets sometimes
there’s fruit juice that’s like 20 fruit
juice or 30 fruit juice so that’s not
pure
fruit juice
if you want to express something that is
pure so nothing is added to it nothing
has been changed you can use pure to
talk about that like many people will
say like oh children are so pure you
know like they’re unchanged so they’re
still learning there’s no like damage
nothing has been added to children so
like children are so pure for example
finally this one with flawless he did a
flawless backflip so a backflip means
jumping in the air and flipping uh
backwards flipping backwards so a
flawless backflip means he did this
trick perfectly so that means there was
no problem with it it was exactly
correct it was flawless we would not say
a pure backflip we wouldn’t say that
because a backflip is like a kind of a
skill so we tend to use pure more for
things that are like um
maybe like for people or for things that
are naturally created we use flawless
for things related to like our skills or
our abilities so we would not use that
pure here and we would not use flawless
in front of fruit juice
so kind of try to remember pure is more
for natural things flawless is for
skills and abilities
okay
let’s move on to the final group here
the final three the base is the word
real real so of course there’s the word
real which means like true like
something in reality in the real world
in the actual world so we can use real
um more specifically with these two
words first is legitimate legitimate we
often shorten this word
to legit legit this is a very casual
word but it’s very commonly used so
legitimate means true or correct or real
yes um but it’s often used in like
business or in like people’s
relationships to mean sincere or like
legal or correct i’ll show an example of
this in a moment
finally this adjective is proper so
proper also means correct but it means
like as expected
so something that is real is true yes
and then proper means like it’s as it
should be it’s supposed to be that way
okay so let’s look at some example
sentences first have you ever seen a
real dinosaur skeleton
so this means
because we have real included here it’s
like saying
not a fake skeleton so not a plastic
skeleton but a true skeleton a real one
so this was actually a dinosaur in the
past have you ever seen a real dinosaur
skeleton
the second example sentence uses
legitimate or we could say legit as well
i’m not sure he’s running a legitimate
business
this means i’m not sure this person is
running running means operating so i’m
not sure this person is running a legit
business means i don’t think like his
business is legal so when you see
legitimate or legit used to talk about
business it’s a question of legality is
the business legal or is there maybe
something that’s going on maybe behind
closed doors that we can’t see
so legitimate with business is often
talking about this kind of uncertainty
so we can use legit or legitimate to
express that
finally then proper it’s important to
eat three proper meals a day so here a
proper meal refers to a like well
balanced nutritious meal so something
that we expect something that is like
supposed to be a meal we should eat that
thing so that means
a proper meal is not like junk food is
not something unhealthy
it’s lots of like fresh vegetables or
fresh fruits or something so that’s a
proper meal something correct something
that is as it is expected to be that’s
proper okay
so
this is just an introduction to a few
more words that mean good so there are
actually quite a few words that mean
good but i hope that this gives you kind
of a good basis for some of the
different ways that we can use this word
and like some more specific adjectives
that you can choose to better describe
yourself and to describe your situations
so i hope that this was helpful of
course if you have questions or comments
or if you want to practice making a
sentence with any of these words please
feel free to do so in the comment
section of this video of course if you
like this lesson please don’t forget to
give it a thumbs up subscribe to our
channel if you haven’t already and check
us out at englishclass101.com
for some other things that can help you
with your english studies thanks very
much for watching this lesson and i will
see you again soon bye bye
hi everybody my name is alicia in this
lesson i’m going to talk about some
expressions that you can use when you
feel tired let’s get started okay the
first expression is the basic expression
the most basic expression i’m tired i’m
tired so tired here is an adjective and
we therefore need to use i am tired here
i have the contracted i’m tired i
noticed sometimes learners say i tired
or i see it sometimes in writing like in
comments on youtube i tired or i sleepy
please make sure to use i’m tired i’m
tired i’m tired
so we use i’m tired it’s kind of our
basic expression we use usually at the
end of the day so we finished work or we
finished school we finished some kind of
activity and it’s night time it’s
evening
so we use it maybe after playing sports
or some kind of
strenuous so strenuous means it requires
a lot of physical effort so we use this
at the end of activities
we use it after work after school
just after a long day i’m tired it’s a
casual expression very common it means
like just your body is tired or your
mind is tired also so you could use it
after a test like oh i’m tired maybe
mentally tired so mentally refers to
your mind
okay let’s move on to the next
expression then next is i’m exhausted
i’m exhausted so the pronunciation of
this word this e x h makes an x x
so this e x sounds like egg actually
it’s making like a g sound almost so not
exhausted but exhausted exhausted i’m
exhausted
exhausted
means very tired exhausted means very
tired i’m exhausted
so
this expression is stronger than i’m
tired oops i have a mistake there i’m
tired so
i’m tired is like the basic level
i’m exhausted means like i am extremely
tired i’m very tired maybe i had a very
long day or a very busy day i’m
exhausted so we would use this after
maybe a particularly difficult day or
maybe like we’ve just run a marathon or
done some really strenuous activity so
i’m exhausted is another very common
word that we use you can also use this
to talk about someone else if they seem
like they had a long day you can say you
look exhausted for example that’s going
to sound really really strong though so
you look tired and you look exhausted
are a little bit different but exhausted
shows like there’s a lot of like effort
that went into your day perhaps okay so
i’m tired and i’m exhausted are two good
words to know good phrases
let’s move on to this one i’m beat i’m
beat i’m beat is a very casual way to
say
i’m tired
so beat uh so beat uh this comes from
the verb to beat so to hit something is
what to beat can mean so for example
like to beat a drum means to hit a drum
so when we say i’m beat it’s like saying
i have been hit
like something hit me not physically but
it’s like today
like there were so many things to do
today or i had so many activities to do
i feel like my body or my mind has been
hit has been beaten so we use this
expression i’m beat to mean i’m very
tired but it’s a very casual expression
so when we say i’m beat it’s like a
rough kind of friendly version of i’m
exhausted but i’m beat we might say like
after
after like a day of happy activities
like maybe after snowboarding or skiing
or maybe we’re spending lots of time
with friends but we feel tired we could
say i’m beat i’m beat
so it means the same thing as i’m tired
really or i’m exhausted it means i’m
very tired or i’m quite tired but it
sounds friendly it sounds rough it
sounds casual
so i’m beat i’m tired i’m exhausted are
great expressions to know let’s move on
to the next one then i’m sleepy i’m
sleepy so you can see here sleep
is inside this word sleepy so this word
is more specific
than these three i’m tired i’m exhausted
and i’m beat these are kind of general
words they can mean like i’m sleepy i
feel a little sleepy but this word
sleepy is specifically
related to sleep so i’m sleepy
means not just that you want to relax
which is like with tired but i’m sleepy
specifically means you want to sleep i’m
sleepy so as a result this is something
i’ve heard learners use the words i’m
sleepy
in
lessons so we tend to use i’m sleepy
more like at the end of the day as we’re
preparing to go to bed
like i’m a little sleepy uh maybe at the
end of the day or perhaps at the very
beginning of the day like when you get
to the office or you get to school you
might say ah i’m a little sleepy today
or i feel sleepy today but sometimes i
would ask my students like how are you
in lessons and they would say i’m sleepy
and
that’s okay i mean like there’s no
communication error but i think in the
middle of the day we might say i’m a
little tired or maybe i’m a little
sleepy to make it a little bit softer i
feel like we tend to use this more at
the very beginning or at the very end of
the day like just after we wake up or
just before we go to bed so try to use
it in a softer way like i’m a little bit
sleepy maybe after lunch you could use
this if you had a big lunch but sleepy
it tends to sound like you are ready to
go to sleep so
as a result we don’t use this so much in
like work settings like in a meeting for
example or when you’re speaking with
your colleagues you might say tired
instead of sleepy because we can’t go to
sleep in the office in most cases so
sleepy refers specifically to wanting to
go to sleep i’m ready for sleep is what
it means
okay
so let’s move on to a related phrase
then which is this i’m ready for bed i’m
ready for bed
so
this is a less direct way to say i’m
sleepy i have it written here as well
this is less direct than i’m sleepy
so you can use this to show you are
tired or to show you are sleepy and you
are preparing to go to bed so this i’m
ready for bed or i’m ready to go to bed
you could use that as well i feel i’m
ready for bed is a little more common so
that means i’m ready to go to sleep that
means i’m tired i’m sleepy i’m ready i’m
at that point in the day when it’s time
i’m ready to go to bed i’m ready to
sleep in other words so we use this
instead i’m ready for bed or i’m ready
for sleep
i feel i’m ready for bed is a little
more common though so i’m sleepy i’m
ready for bed you could put those two
together if you like so again a little
bit less direct just i’m ready for bed
at the end of the day
okay let’s move on to the next
expression
next actually this is an idiom a very
common idiom there are two variations i
want to introduce here first
i’m gonna hit the hay
and second i’m gonna hit the sack so
these two right here these are
the idioms hit the hay or hit the sack
hit the hay or hit the sack so here we
see hit
the verb hit is in both of these
expressions hit here means like your
body physically hitting physically
contacting another object so what is hay
what is sac here
these two things
have kind of like historical references
to the way
that we slept in the past or rather the
materials we slept on in the past so in
the past hey
hey was used inside of things like we
use
mattresses today but maybe mattresses
today don’t have hay inside them hay is
used to feed like cows and horses and
other farm animals so it’s like
long kind of rough pieces of fiber so
hay was used inside cloth to make softer
sleeping surfaces
so this was used to create something
like a big sack so a sack is like a bag
a rough bag
so to hit the hay refers to putting your
body on top of hay or hay inside a cloth
that made a soft sleeping surface or
this one hit the sack refers to
that
mattress-like object that our bodies
land on to go to sleep so that’s where
these expressions come from hit the hay
and hit the sack and this i’m gonna is
just i’m going to so this means i’m
going to go to bed that’s all that this
means i’m going to go to bed both of
these mean the same thing
so to refresh these are both idioms that
just mean go to bed i’m gonna go to bed
i’m gonna hit the hay i’m gonna hit the
sack that’s what this refers to these
have a couple of interesting historical
points behind them okay
let’s move on to the next one
the next one and an alternative it is
i’ve gotta
call it a day call it a day so i want to
focus on this one call it a day so i
have here i’ve gotta this is i have got
to i have got to
or you might hear native speakers say i
gotta we often drop this v sound but we
should use it i’ve gotta call it a day
or i have to call it a day
another way we use this expression is
i’m gonna call it a day so again i’m
gonna means i’m going to i’m going to
call it a day i’m going to call it a day
or i have to call it a day i’ve gotta
call it a day so what does this call it
a day mean so call it a day
is used to mean to decide the day is
finished so to call it a day means at
this point in my day usually in the
evening we say this phrase we decide i’m
done today is finished i’m done i feel
tired so i’m going to decide today is
finished here
so we can say uh to decide the day is
finished for this phrase or just to end
the day
so we use this when we are finishing our
activities for the day and we feel tired
so this means we use this expression
when we are finishing work or when we’re
finishing like homework school
activities or sports we sometimes use
this before
bed a little bit before bed i suppose
but this is more commonly used when we
are completing our activities for the
day so that’s why we say call it a day
like
today’s work or today’s progress is
finished right here i’m going to call
this point one day so i’m going to call
this activity that i did today one day
so i’m going to call it a day or i have
to call it a day
we would use i have to call it a day
often more often when like there’s
something else we have to do so like
maybe you have a dinner appointment so
you could say sorry i have to call it a
day like that means i have to finish
here maybe because i have another
appointment i have to call it a day that
sounds maybe more like there’s some
other thing you need to do
otherwise you can say i’m gonna call it
a day so i’m gonna finish today here
so these are a few expressions that you
can use when you are tired or when
you’re sleepy or when you’re finishing
your activities for the day so i hope
that this was helpful for you of course
if you have questions or comments or if
you want to practice these or if you
have an interesting idiom or expression
in your language that you use when you
feel tired please share it with everyone
in the comment section also if you liked
this video please don’t forget to give
it a thumbs up remember to subscribe to
our channel if you have not subscribed
already we really appreciate it and
check us out for more things at
englishclass101.com that can hopefully
help you with your english studies
thanks very much for watching this
lesson and i will see you again soon bye
bye
kettle
kettle
kettle
a kettle is something that you use to
heat up water you might also hear this
called a teapot
the kettle is on the stove
the kettle is on the
stove the
kettle is on the stove
pot
pot
pot
a pot is something we use in the kitchen
it’s usually big and round and we use it
for soups and stews
that pot is 10 years old
that pot is 10 years old
that
pot is 10 years old
frog
frog
frog
a frog is a small creature they’re
typically green and we can see them
around lakes and rivers
the green frog is in the water
the green frog is in the water
the green frog is in the water
pigeon pigeon
pigeon
a pigeon is a very common bird they’re
very well known in like big cities and
in town centers as kind of a nuisance or
a pest don’t feed the pigeons
don’t feed the pigeons
don’t feed the pigeons
guidebook
guidebook
guide book
a guidebook is a book that is intended
to be used as a guide we can use
guidebooks for restaurants for travel
for many different topics
a guidebook will give you helpful
information for your trip
a guidebook will give you helpful
information for your trip
a guide book will give you helpful
information for your trip
entrance
entrance
en
trence
an entrance is a place usually in a
building where you can enter the space
where’s the entrance
where’s the entrance
where’s the entrance
tour guide
tour guide
tour
guide a tour guide is someone who leads
a tour they are the person responsible
for guiding the people on the tour
meet your tour guide at the entrance to
the hotel
meet your tour guide at the entrance to
the hotel
meet your tour guide at the entrance to
the hotel
reservation
reservation
reservation
a reservation is an appointment we use
the word reservation when we’re talking
about restaurants hotels and flight
tickets as well
do you have a reservation
do you have a reservation
do you have a reservation
passport
passport
passport
a passport is a special document given
by your country that allows you to
travel internationally its id
the passport has expired
the passport has expired
the passport has expired
computer science
computer science
computer
science
computer science is a topic of study
it’s the use of computers and science
together
computer science classes are on mondays
computer science classes are on mondays
computer science classes are on mondays
math
math
math
math is the short form of the word
mathematics it can refer to very simple
mathematics or complicated mathematics
my favorite subject in school is math
my favorite subject in school is math
my favorite subject in school is math
feel
feel
feel
the verb feel can be used to talk about
the sensation of touching something or
it can be used to express our emotions
i feel wonderful tonight
i feel wonderful tonight
i feel wonderful tonight
draw
draw
draw
the verb draw is the verb that we use to
refer to making a picture so we use a
pen or a pencil or something else to
create a picture
the artist draws a picture
the artist draws a picture
the artist draws a picture
plan
plan
plan
plan can be used as a verb or as a noun
as a verb it means to create a schedule
for something
we’ll plan the holiday to europe
we’ll plan the holiday to europe
we’ll plan the holiday to europe
sale
sale
sale
sale is a noun it refers to a discount
it’s often used when shopping to refer
to a place where you can receive a
discount
there’s a big sale in the shoe
department
there’s a big sale in the shoe
department
there’s a big sale in the shoe
department
shopping
shopping
shopping
shopping can be used as a noun it can
also be a verb in the progressive form
it refers to going out to a mall or a
department store to look for something
to buy
i love shopping for clothes
i love shopping for clothes
i love shopping for clothes
fourth
fourth
fourth
fourth comes after third which is after
second and first it refers to the number
four of something
for my fourth birthday my mother gave me
a book
for my fourth birthday my mother gave me
a book
for my fourth birthday
my mother gave me a book
fifth
fifth
fifth
fifth refers to the number five of
something it comes after fourth
you live on the fifth floor don’t you
you live on the fifth floor don’t you
you live on the fifth floor don’t you
sixth
sixth
sixth
so sixth refers to the number six of
something this is a really good word to
practice some pronunciation slow down
that sixth
that middle part there
the sixth book from the left
the sixth book from the left
the sixth book from the left
seventh
seventh
seventh
seventh refers to the number seven of
something this is just like the word
seven but with th at the end please read
the seventh paragraph of the contract
please read the seventh paragraph of the
contract
please read the seventh paragraph of the
contract
conditioner
conditioner
conditioner is something we use for hair
care we usually use it after shampoo
this makes our hair shiny and soft rinse
with conditioner
rinse with conditioner
rinse
with conditioner
deodorant
deodorant
diode
deodorant is something that we use to
help prevent unpleasant smells coming
from our body
he bought a new deodorant
he bought a new deodorant
he bought a new deodorant
liquid soap
liquid soap
liquid soap
so liquid soap refers to soap that is in
liquid form this is different from
something like bar soap which is solid
do you have liquid soap
do you have liquid soap
do you have liquid soap
duck
duck
duck
duck as a noun refers to a very common
bird usually you’ll find them at parks
ponds lakes and so on
the ducklings follow the mother duck
the ducklings follow the mother duck
the ducklings follow the mother duck
crow
crow
crow
a crow is a very common bird it’s all
black and it’s often very noisy
crows are among the smartest birds
crows are among the smartest birds
crows are among the smartest birds
cockroach
cockroach
cockroach a cockroach is a very small
creature it’s a dirty pest and usually
people don’t want them in their house
a cockroach has six legs wings and
antennae
a cockroach has six legs wings and
antennae
a cockroach has six legs wings and
antennae
mosquito
mosquito
ma ski
a mosquito is a very small bug most
people know them because the land on you
bites you and it becomes very itchy
afterwards
dragonflies eat mosquitoes
dragonflies eat
mosquitoes dragonflies
eat mosquitoes
construction worker
construction worker
construction
worker
a construction worker is someone who
works on a construction site which means
a place where a building is being made
or some kind of maintenance is happening
the construction worker is measuring
wood
the construction worker is measuring
wood
the construction worker is measuring
wood
homemaker
homemaker
home maker
a homemaker is a person who usually
stays in the home to take care of kids
to take care of the home to prepare
meals and so on men and women can be
homemakers
the hardest worker anywhere is the
homemaker
the hardest worker anywhere is the
homemaker
the hardest worker anywhere is the
homemaker
ice
ice
ice
ice is frozen water we usually like to
drink it in summer to make our drinks
cold
ice has formed on the window
ice has formed on the window
ice has formed on the window
history
history
history
history refers to the past it’s a topic
of study in school we learn all about
the things that happened in the past
you can learn a lot from history as
things tend to repeat themselves
you can learn a lot from history as
things tend to repeat themselves
you can learn
a lot from history
as things tend to repeat themselves
geography
geography
geography
geography refers to the study of the
world this means memorizing the names of
countries and the positions of countries
or even cities states regions and so on
she did not like to study geography
she did not like to study geography
she did not like to study geography
store
store
store
a store refers to any place that sells
something there are many different types
of stores like supermarkets or shoe
stores and so on a store is the general
word
i’m going to the store to buy some milk
and eggs
i’m going to the store to buy some milk
and eggs
i’m going to the store to buy some milk
and eggs
market
market
market
a market is a place often outdoors where
individual sellers can sell things to
their customers
we buy our fruits and vegetables at the
local market
we buy our fruits and vegetables at the
local market
we buy our fruits and vegetables at the
local market
price
price
price
price is a noun it refers to the cost of
something in a store what is the price
what is the price
what is the price
coupon
coupon
coupon
a coupon is something on paper or in
some cases digital that you can use to
get a discount for a product
i have a coupon for 50 off so let’s eat
there
i have a coupon for 50 off so let’s eat
there
i have a coupon for 50
off so let’s eat there
aisle
aisle
i’ll
an aisle is the open space between two
rows of things for example like rows of
seats on an airplane or between shelves
in a supermarket the open space is the
isle
i would like to sit in an aisle seat in
case there is an emergency
i would like to sit in an aisle seat in
case there is an emergency
i would like to sit in an aisle seat in
case there is an emergency
bag
bag
bag
a bag refers to something that we use to
carry things it can be big or small
my bag is too heavy
my bag is too heavy
my bag is too heavy
photograph
photograph
photograph
a photograph is a picture this word is a
noun photograph and picture generally
refer to the same thing photograph might
sound a little more formal this
photograph doesn’t look good
this photograph doesn’t look good
this photograph doesn’t look good
soda
soda
soda
soda refers to a drink that has bubbles
in it it is a non-alcoholic drink you
might also hear it called pop
soda contains a lot of sugar
soda contains a lot of sugar
soda contains a lot of sugar
ninth
ninth
ninth
refers to the number nine of something
ramadan is the ninth month of the muslim
year
ramadan is the ninth month of the muslim
year
ramadan is the 9th month of the muslim
year
10th
10th
10th
10th refers to the number 10 of
something we can use this in schedules
in tournaments whatever
i finally made a goal on my 10th attempt
i finally made a goal on my 10th attempt
i finally made a goal on my tenth
attempt
eighth
eighth
eighth
eighth refers to the number eight of
something the pronunciation might be a
little tricky so be careful with this
one
i live on the eighth floor
i live on the eighth floor
i live on the eighth
floor
shaving razor
shaving razor
shaving razor
a shaving razor is a razor used
specifically for shaving hair this could
be on the face or on other parts of the
body
disposable shaving razor
disposable shaving razor
disposable shaving razor
washcloth
washcloth
wash cloth
a washcloth is a noun and it refers to a
cloth we specifically use for washing
the body
the boy is washing his face with a
washcloth
the boy is washing his face with a
washcloth
the boy is washing his face
with a washcloth
towel
towel
towel
a towel is a cloth that we use to dry
things usually these can be very large
like to take to the beach or very small
like for drying our hands this towel is
too small for me
this towel is too small for me
this towel is too small for me
spoon
spoon
spoon
a spoon is something we use to eat it’s
a curved eating utensil and we usually
use it to eat soups or stews or ice
cream those kinds of things forks spoons
and knives are eating utensils
forks spoons and knives are eating
utensils
forks
spoons and knives are eating utensils
fork
fork
fork
a fork is a utensil we use that has
prongs at the end so this is useful for
picking things up like stabbing things
and picking things up
the fork is made of plastic
the fork is made of plastic
the fork is made of plastic
knife
knife
knife
a knife is a utensil we use to cut food
it’s usually very sharp
could you pass me the knife
could you pass me the knife
could you pass me the knife
plate
plate
plate
a plate is something that we use to hold
our food it’s a flat object after we
finish cooking food we put it on a plate
this plate is different from that one
this plate is different from that one
this plate is different from that one
b
b
b a b is a very common creature lots of
people are afraid of them some people
have allergies to them bees make honey
the bee is pollinating the yellow flower
the bee is pollinating the yellow flower
the bee
is pollinating the yellow flower
ant
ant
ant
an ant is a very common creature they
are very very small and they live in the
ground usually you see ants in big
groups
ants have six legs
ants have six legs
ants have six legs
snake
snake
snake
snakes are creatures that we typically
don’t see in cities you might see them
out in forests maybe in desert areas
lots of people are afraid of snakes
the rattlesnake is coiled and ready to
strike
the rattlesnake is coiled and ready to
strike
the rattlesnake is coiled and ready to
strike
milk
milk
milk
milk is a very common and very popular
drink there are many different types of
milk traditionally milk came from cows
or perhaps goats or sheep but now there
are types that come from nuts or soy and
so on
milk is an important source of calcium
for kids and adults
milk is an important source of calcium
for kids and adults
milk is an important source of calcium
for kids and adults
designer
designer
designer
a designer is someone who has a design
related job this could be a graphic
designer it could be an interior
designer it could be a fashion designer
someone who creates designs
she wants to become a fashion designer
she wants to become a fashion designer
she wants to become a fashion designer
artist
artist
artist
an artist is a person who creates art
art can mean many different things it
could be music it could be movies it
could be paintings something you
experience in a museum many different
things
many artists struggle for a long time
before achieving success
many artists struggle for a long time
before achieving success
many artists struggle for a long time
before achieving success
soldier
soldier
soldier
a soldier is someone who is employed by
the military so their job is to
participate in the military and work for
the military sometimes this means
fighting
the soldiers are moving into position
the soldiers are moving into position
the soldiers are moving into position
entrepreneur
entrepreneur
entrepreneur
an entrepreneur refers to someone who
starts a business they usually have a
big idea that’s kind of unique they have
maybe very innovative ways to approach
their work sometimes
entrepreneurs change the world with
their ideas
entrepreneurs change the world with
their ideas
entrepreneurs change the world with
their ideas
story
short story
short story
a short story is different from a novel
for example because it has very few
pages it’s easy to read and understand
quickly i read only short stories
i read only short stories
i read only short stories
folder
folder
folder
a folder is something that we use to
keep documents this can be a physical
folder or it can be a digital folder i’m
sure you have many of these on your
computer
i put the documents in a folder
i put the documents in a folder
i put the documents in a folder
frying pan
frying pan
frying pan
a frying pan is a very common item to
have in a kitchen it’s usually quite
large and it has a handle on it we use
it to make eggs pancakes many different
things
this frying pan is very cheap this
frying pan is very cheap
this frying pan is very cheap
cutting board
cutting board
cutting board
a cutting board is as it sounds it’s a
board that can be wood or plastic or
maybe another material that we use to
cut on this is to keep our counters
clean and safe
the cook is cutting a hard-boiled egg on
the cutting board
the cook is cutting a hard-boiled egg on
the cutting board
the cook is cutting a hard-boiled egg on
the cutting board
sink
sink
sink
a sink is a place where you wash your
hands or in the kitchen a place where
you wash your dishes
the sink is almost full
the sink is almost full
the sink is almost full
bowl
bowl
bowl
a bowl is something that we use to eat
soup or stew or perhaps ice cream
anything that is kind of liquid-like
the bowl is empty
the bowl is empty
the bowl is
empty
exit
exit
exit
the exit is the opposite of the entrance
an exit is a way out of somewhere
where is the exit
where is the exit
where is the exit
map
map
map
a map can be a physical item or a
digital item it’s a guide to the area
around us or it can be a guide to a
larger region like a state a city or
even the world
check the map to find your way to your
destination
check the map to find your way to your
destination
check the map to find your way to your
destination
suitcase
suitcase
suit
case
a suitcase is something that we use to
keep our belongings in when we travel a
suitcase can be very small or it can be
very large
do not leave valuables in your suitcase
do not leave valuables in your suitcase
do not leave valuables in your suitcase
tourist
tourist
tourist
a tourist is someone who visits a city
or a country just to see the sights they
don’t live there they’re just there
temporarily for a short time to enjoy
famous places
the tourist is taking pictures of the
animals
the tourist is taking pictures of the
animals
the tourist is taking pictures of the
animals
politics
politics
politics
politics refers to the government of a
country or to the government of a world
it’s a popular discussion topic people
like to talk about policies about people
and about ideas relating to world
governments
the politician is talking politics
the politician is talking politics
the politician is talking politics
biology
biology
biology
biology is a subject of study it’s a
subject in science biology refers to
living things to organisms plants
animals and creatures
biology is the study of living organisms
biology is the study of living organisms
biology
is the study of living organisms
chemistry
chemistry
ke mystery
chemistry is another subject of study
also a science chemistry looks at very
very small scale reactions between
chemicals gases many different kinds of
things the laboratory is a place to
learn about chemistry
the laboratory is a place to learn about
chemistry
the laboratory is a place to learn about
chemistry
physics
physics
physics
physics is another topic in the science
category physics looks at how we
understand the world in terms of things
like time and space and gravity
i know the basics of physics
i know the basics of physics
i know the basics of physics
economics
economics
mix
economics is the study of the economy so
this refers to the money that comes and
goes and moves around inside a country
or around the world as well
economics is a good background for many
fields
economics is a good background for many
fields
economics is a good background for many
fields
put
put
put
put is a verb we can understand it as
meaning to place so it sounds a little
bit less formal than place
please try to put this box on the top
shelf
please try to put this box on the top
shelf
please try to put this box on the top
shelf
remember
remember
remember
remember is a verb it means to recall
information to be able to think of
something that you saw or heard or
learned about in the past
i’ll try to remember
i will try to remember
i will try to remember
hold
hold
hold
hold is a verb which refers to keeping
something usually in your hand
hold on to the handrail
hold on to the handrail
hold on to the hand rail
shopping cart
shopping cart
shopping cart
a shopping cart is something we use in
the supermarket they’re generally kind
of large we can push them around the
store and we put our items inside
the shopping cart is empty
the shopping cart is empty
the shopping cart is empty
plastic bag
plastic bag
plastic bag
a plastic bag is the bag that we get
from many stores like supermarkets or
convenience stores or maybe other retail
stores we get a plastic bag after we
purchase items
the man is carrying a plastic bag full
of groceries
the man is carrying a plastic bag full
of groceries
the man is carrying a plastic bag full
of groceries
comedy
comedy
call me
comedy is an art form it’s the art of
making people laugh comedy is also a
movie genre they’re watching a comedy
and laughing
they’re watching a comedy and laughing
they’re watching a comedy and laughing
novel
novel
a novel is a type of book it’s a long
story so there are many different kinds
of books books that are novels refer to
these long stories often with complex
plots and interesting characters
i like suspense novels
i like suspense novels
i
like suspense novels
hey everyone welcome to the monthly
review the monthly show on language
learning
[Music]
where you discover new learning
strategies motivational tips study tools
and resources
by the way all the lessons and bonuses
you’re about to see can be downloaded
for free on our website
so click the link in the description
right now to sign up for your free
lifetime account okay today’s topic is
are you focusing on only one skill the
seven skills you’ll need for language
mastery
are you the type of language learner
that focuses on only one skill like only
speaking or only doing translation
exercises then you may eventually
realize that your language isn’t
progressing as fast as you’d like
so in today’s episode you’ll learn one
why most language learners plateau
two the seven skills you’ll need for
language mastery and three how to
practice the seven skills with art
program
[Music]
but first here are this month’s new
lessons and resources be sure to
download these now before we take them
down in a few days
first the using transportation
conversation cheat sheet do you know how
to get around in your target language
you’ll be able to this new cheat sheet
teaches you the must-know vocabulary and
phrases like where can i buy a ticket
how much is the train pass and much more
second the ultimate guide to beginner
language ebook want a free way to boost
your vocabulary with this new pdf ebook
you’ll master over 500 beginner words
and phrases more than enough to start
speaking the language with confidence
third can you talk about holiday
accommodations in your target language
learn how to say hotel guest house in
and much more with this quick vocab
bonus
fourth
most common ways to say sorry
do you know all the ways to apologize in
your target language this one minute
lesson will get them in your head
guaranteed
to get your free resources click the
link in the description below right now
they’re yours to keep forever okay let’s
jump into today’s topic
are you focusing on only one skill the
seven skills you’ll need for language
mastery
part one why most language learners
plateau
if you observe other language learners
you’ll notice that many learners just
want to speak and understand the
language and as a result they focus only
on speaking and nothing else
then you have learners who like to start
with reading so they spend most of their
time there and then there are learners
who do translation games and spend most
of their time there
all of these are good ways to approach a
language but what happens is learners
that focus on speaking seem to speak
well but if you go outside of a topic
they practice they’ll start struggling
learners that spend most of their time
reading are only good at reading and
then wonder why they can’t speak and
learners that have been playing
translation games are good at
translating but don’t understand real
life speech
the point is you’ll be unbalanced if you
focus on one skill and skip out on the
rest you’ll never become truly fluent or
you’ll be able to speak on a few topics
you know about but that’s it but that’s
not enough for conversational fluency so
if you want to avoid this trap and
become truly fluent you should focus on
seven language skills speaking listening
reading writing grammar vocabulary and
culture
part two the seven skills you’ll need
for language mastery
now someone might ask what’s the point
of reading if i just want to speak the
language the fact is all skills
complement and improve one another for
example if you’re practicing reading you
naturally pick up new words and grammar
rules along the way which will help you
with speaking because if you want to
speak more you’ll need to know more
words and grammar rules also reading out
loud can help with speaking
if you’re learning grammar this will
help you with speaking listening reading
and writing because you’ll need to be
able to speak and use those grammar
rules understand them in written
information and in speech and use it in
writing
with writing again you’re reinforcing
words and grammar rules that you’ll also
need for listening speaking and reading
with listening there can be speaking
involved if you shadow what you hear
you can also pick up words and reinforce
grammar points as you listen
then you can use those same words and
grammar rules later on during speaking
practice all skills feed into each other
and with culture with culture you need
things to talk about with native
speakers and culture is a great topic
plus in certain languages and cultures
you’ll need to speak more politely to
people who are older or more senior to
you so this involves learning vocabulary
and grammar
there’s also one more bonus to
practicing all seven language skills
learning all seven skills will actually
help you learn the language much faster
mixing up skills like this is called
intra-leaving
interleaving is a proven learning tactic
where you use different forms of
practice to master something for example
if you’re learning vocabulary you can
read it then say it write it out study
with flashcards listen to a native
speaker say it
and doing so will help you remember
better instead of just reading the word
five times and hoping it sticks it
probably won’t
so let’s recap you should focus on the
seven skills of language learning
because one you avoid being imbalanced
two all of these skills feed into each
other and improve your overall language
and three it’ll help you learn faster
part three how you practice the seven
skills with our program
now if you want to take your language to
the next level you’ll need to
incorporate all seven skills in your
study routine speaking reading writing
listening vocab grammar and culture so
here’s how you can practice each skill
with our learning program one of the
most unique things about our program is
that you can actually practice all seven
skills with it
first for speaking shadow the
conversations in our lesson dialogues
and if that’s too hard read the
dialogues out loud and go slowly at your
own pace use our voice recording tool to
practice saying each line of the
conversation and you can send recordings
of yourself to your premium plus teacher
for listening simply take our lessons
and listen to the conversations you can
also download the dialogue tracks and
review the conversations without the
translations also be sure to take our
listening comprehension lessons
for reading listen to the audio and
follow along with the lesson notes or
transcript so that you don’t miss a
single word
you can also practice reading with our
extensive reading books
for writing write out the lesson
dialogues and write out the words
phrases and grammar rules that you come
across
you can also try and create your own
sample sentences and you can send them
to your premium plus teacher for
corrections
for grammar you’ll come across grammar
rules in our lessons write the rules
down try and create your own sentences
and keep taking the lessons and keep on
reading
for vocabulary use our spaced repetition
flashcards to master the words and of
course write them down in a notebook say
them out loud and save them in the word
bank so you can come back to them to
review later
and for culture take our lessons you’ll
pick up culture tips along the way check
out our culture class lessons as well
you can do one skill a day or you can
also try all of them in one study
session
listen to the lesson repeat what you
hear for speaking practice write out the
dialogue review the vocabulary with the
slideshow
practice the grammar rules and note down
the cultural tips or focus on two skills
a day pair up listening and speaking the
next day i do reading and writing and
then vocabulary and grammar and then
culture
and again you can study all seven of
these skills with our program so if you
haven’t done so yet be sure to click the
link below and sign up for a free
lifetime account
so thank you for watching this episode
of monthly review
next time we’ll talk about how to write
1000 words of your target language in 5
minutes a day with the daily dose diary
if you enjoyed these tips hit the like
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every week
and if you’re ready to finally learn
language the fast fun and easy way and
start speaking from your very first
lesson get our complete learning program
sign up for your free lifetime account
right now click the link in the
description see you next time bye
one of the best ways to learn a language
is with a native speaker but what if you
can’t afford to take a class or what if
you’re too busy to learn on someone
else’s schedule
that’s why with our program you get
access to your own teacher with a study
tool called my teacher so you can learn
with your own teacher at your own pace
anywhere anytime
how does my teacher work you’ll discover
more in just a second but first to get
access to our learning program and your
very own teacher click the link in the
description and sign up for a premium
plus account right now
what is my teacher
my teacher is a messenger tool that
gives you access to your very own
on-site teacher you’ll find it in the
bottom right corner of your screen and
if you’re on the app just tap on the my
teacher icon at the bottom
so
how do you take advantage of this
powerful language tool
one get your language assessed
with language schools you take a level
check test on the first day and the same
thing happens here
the moment you become a premium plus
member you’ll take an assessment test so
that your teacher can determine your
level understand your weak points and
design a personalized learning plan
you’ll find the link to the test inside
my teacher once you’re done with the
test
two
interact with your teacher ask questions
and get feedback
getting feedback and corrections is one
of the fastest ways to improve so open
my teacher and start interacting with
your teacher
the first thing we ask you to do is to
send a self-introduction in your target
language as a way to get started and if
you’re not sure how just ask your
teacher
you can also ask them language questions
send your writing practice conversations
and they’ll also send you feedback and
corrections
you can do this all at your own pace on
any device you can also
- send recordings of yourself speaking
the language
just record yourself and send an audio
file or video over and get feedback from
your teacher on your accent
pronunciation and how to express
yourself naturally like a native speaker
you can also take a picture of your
writing for feedback
four
improve your language skills non-stop
with weekly assignments
your teacher will also send you weekly
assignments to test you on what you’ve
learned and improve your language skills
assignments cover speaking listening
reading and writing so if you want to
learn with your very own teacher at your
own pace
then click the link in the description
to sign up now and become a premium plus
plan member today you unlock our
complete learning program plus your very
own teacher click the link in the
description to sign up now
great work here’s a reward speed up your
language learning with our pdf lessons
get all of our best pdf cheat sheets and
ebooks for free just click the link in
the description