Study English American English Pronunciation What Makes American English Sound AMERICAN

Today is the third video this December where we’re using the Friends Christmas episode,

The One Where Rachel Quits
Her Job to study English.

Last week, she had a job interview.

Now in this episode, she’s gotten the job and it’s her last day working at the coffee shop.

We’re going to study this scene and everything we can about American English pronunciation

to figure out what makes American
English sound American.

Here’s the scene.

There you go.
Enjoy.

Should I tell her I ordered tea?
No.

Excuse me, everyone.

Uh, this is my last night working here.

And, uh, I just wanted to say that I made
some really good friends here.

And, uh, it’s just time to move on.

As of this moment, I will never have to
make coffee again.

And now let’s do the analysis together.

There you go.

Okay our first thought group here is
three words long.

What is the stress?

What’s the most stressed word?

There you go.

The stress is all going up towards the peak.

The energy peaks out on the word
go that has the O diphthong.

You will need some lip rounding for that.

There you, going up and pitch, going up
in energy and volume,

there you go and then the up-down shape
on the stressed syllable

There you go.

Try to do that. Try to do it really smoothly
connected with that peak of stress on go.

You’ll listen to it three times then there will be a little pause for you to try it.

There you go.

There you go. Enjoy.

Enjoy.

Enjoy.
Second syllable stress.

Enjoy.

So, the context here, this is
Rachel’s last shift.

The end of her last shift.

She did get a job in the video that
we studied last week.

This section of the episode

she had just had an interview where she
didn’t feel like she did very well,

but she did get the job

and so this is her last shift and she knows
that she has a job to go on to.

Enjoy.

Should I tell her I ordered tea?
No.

Okay Chandler didn’t actually order coffee.

What is the stress of his question here?

Should I tell her I ordered tea?

Should I tell her, the verb, should I tell her I
ordered tea, tea and the pitch goes up.

It’s a yes/no question.

Those are our two most stressed
syllables there.

Should I,

the word should. I would say is I would write that with a SCHWA should, should, should I, should I.

The D is a flap sound because it comes
between two vowels or diphthongs.

The L is silent here, so it comes between
the SCHWA and the I diphthong.

So, it says should I, should I, da, da, da, da, da.

The tongue bouncing on the roof of the
mouth should I tell her.

Should I tell her…

Should I tell her.

Tell begins with True T

because that starts a stressed syllable.

That’s always going to be a true T

unless it’s the TR cluster then it might
be a CH sound, tell her.

We have a dropped H the ER, the SCHWA R ending just links on to the word before tell her,

tell her, should I tell her.

Should I tell her…

Should I tell her I ordered tea.

I ordered both a little flatter, lower in pitch
I ordered, I ordered, I ordered, I ordered tea.

Before the stressed word tea

and again that is a True T because the T
there begins a stressed syllable.

I ordered, I ordered, I ordered these two words flatter in pitch simplified less clear.

I know the word order

can be really tough I actually have a video that goes over how to pronounce that word when it’s stressed,

you can check it out.

I’ll put a link in the video description.

…I ordered tea?

I ordered tea?
No.

No. No. No.

Quick up-down shape no, no.

No.

Excuse me, everyone.

Stress on ‘scuse.

Notice the word is not excuse but it’s scuse.
She turns it into one syllable.

This is pretty common, so the letter X here represents two sounds K and S,

ex-cuse but it’s not uncommon to drop
the first vowel and drop the K

and just say scuse, scuse S sound K, U
diphthong Z ‘skjuz, ‘skjuz me excuse me

and that’s what she does here, stress on that syllable.

‘Skjuz me, everyone.

Excuse me, everyone.

Uh, this is my last night working here.

Uh. Okay after the word uh what is the
stress of this thought group?

Uh, this is my last night working here.

This is my last night, this is my, this is my.

These first three words said pretty quickly

this is my last then we have more stress
there, last night working here.

this is my last night working here.

So, last and work have the most stress.

Even so, even though last is one of the stressed words it does have a dropped sound.

There is no T.

The reason is because it’s part of an ending ST cluster.

The next word begins with a consonant.

The T between two consonants like this even when they’re in two different words is often dropped.

Last night, it’s just the S sound into the N sound,

last night and then we have a Stop T at
the end of night.

That’s because the next word begins with a consonant and the sound before it was a vowel or diphthong.

In this case the AI as in buy diphthong.

So, the sound before is

a diphthong but the letter before is an H

which we would think of as being a consonant letter

but if the T was between two consonants
we would drop it just like here.

We don’t talk about letters; the rules are all about sounds.

So here the T is not between two consonants, it’s after the I diphthong before consonants.

That’s why this T is a Stop T.

If you’re completely confused about the T pronunciations

I do have a playlist at that goes over

all of the different ways that we pronounce
T’s and the rules around them.

this is my last night…

this is my last night working here.

Last night working here stress, unstress.

Stress, unstressed, unstressed, last night working here.

So, the ing ending and the word here flatter, lower in pitch coming down in vocal energy.

The word ‘work’ this is a really tough word.

Don’t try to make a vowel, it’s the R vowel
consonant combination wərk.

This is how we do it in American English.

This vowel doesn’t really have a sound by
itself, it just blends with the R,

wərk, work.

So, work, no jaw drop. We don’t need
much jaw drop for this sound.

Tip of the tongue pulls back and up a little bit wər, wərking, wərking here.

…working here.

And, uh…

Okay, it’s not that common to hear the D
in the word and but

she does do it especially

you’ll hear people doing that when they’re
thinking of what to say next

then they’re more likely to fully pronounce and.

And, the D links right into the next sound, which is the UH as in butter sound and, uh.

And, uh…

And, uh, I just wanted to say that…

What’s the stress of this next thought group?

I just wanted to say that…

I just wanted to say that.

Again, ST cluster followed by a consonant
just like last night becomes las’ night

just wanted becomes jus’ wanted.

I jus’ wanted to say that.

I just wanted to say that…

Everything links together really smoothly.

We have three more Ts here.

Let’s study them what happens with these Ts.

I just wanted to say that…

Wanted to say, wanted to say this first
T totally dropped.

That’s pretty common in this word
because it comes after an N.

Lots of other people will do that waned.

So, ED ending here it’s funny because we drop the T but it still follows the rules for coming after a T sound.

So, the rules for ED ending is when it comes after T or D it’s the IH as in sit vowel and the D sound.

So, even though the T is dropped that rule still holds wan’ed, wan’ed, wan’ed

and when the word before to, t-o ends in a D it’s common to just drop the T sound all together

and just put a SCHWA at the end

wanid, wanid, wanid, wanid,
wanid to say, wanid to say that.

just wanted to say that…

She does a True T release here at the end of that.

It’s also common to make that a Stop T when it comes to the end of a thought group like it does here

but here she makes it a True T.

So, I just wanted to say that.

We have four Ts that are part of the
official pronunciation

of those words but only one of them is
pronounced as a True T.

The other three are all dropped.

That’s crazy. I love English.

…just wanted to say that…

…just wanted to say that I made some
really good friends here.

What’s the stress of this phrase?

…I made some really good friends here…

I made some really good friends here.

I here made, the verb, I made some really
good friends, noun, here.

So, the general way that stress works is
content words are usually stressed.

Those are nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs

but they’re not all always stressed for
example, the word good

is not stressed compared to really, really good.

Really has more stress.

I made some really good friends here.

…I made some really good friends here.

The word some, if that was fully pronounced it would have the UH as in butter vowel.

If it was stressed it would have that
up-down shape some,

but I would actually write that with
the SCHWA some, some.

It’s flatter and pitch. I think the vowel is not full, I think it’s reduced, made some really good friends here.

…I made some really…

…I made some really good friends here.

Friends here, friends here.

I notice she is ending with her pitch going up a little bit friends here.

That’s to show that she’s not done talking
she has a little bit more to say.

…friends here.

…friends here. And, uh,

And, uh, there she goes again thinking about what to say fully pronouncing the word and

linking the D into the next sound the
thinking vowel the UH as in butter and, uh.

And, uh,

And, uh, it’s just time to move on.

In this last thought group on this slide what is the stress?

…it’s just time to move on.

Time, on and part of the phrasal verb it’s
just time to move on.

Now, we have a lot of interesting reductions here.

First I’m sure you can guess the T is dropped in just because it comes between two consonants.

Just time, the S going right into the
next T there’s no extra T

and the T in time is a True T because the
T begins a stressed syllable.

What about the word it’s, it’s, how is that pronounced?

…it’s just time…

T, t, it’s just time t. t, the vowel is dropped.

That’s not an uncommon pronunciation you will hear that it’s, that’s, what’s and let’s can all do this.

I actually have a video that goes over those reductions. I’ll link to that in the video description.

…it’s just time…

…it’s just time to move on.

So, it’s just the TS sounds linked right into the next word, t’s just, t’s just, t’s just time.

Now, the word to, this word reduces usually, almost all the time the vowel will reduce to the SCHWA

and the T changes so it can be a True T, but it can also be a Flap T and it’s a flap T here.

That happens when the sound before was voiced.

Not always you don’t have to do it that way, but you’ll hear it that way a lot time to, time to, time to.

So, it’s more like a D sound a flap sound in
American English than a True T.

We don’t have the true T release, time to.

…it’s just time to…

…it’s just time to move on.

Time to move on, time to move on and then

part of the phrasal verb move on the final word has some stress too - time to move on.

…time to move on.

As of this moment,

What’s the stress of this thought group?

As of this moment,

Definitely the most stressed word is the word this.

As of this moment.

Mo has a little bit of stress too, it’s the stressed syllable of that word but this has the most stress.

As of this moment.

As of, those two words link together really smoothly with a Z sound, as of this moment.

As of this moment,

As of this moment and she does a
True T release here.

You won’t always hear that but she’s feeling energized, she’s excited about what’s happening.

She’s also speaking to a larger group so in those cases you might pronounce more of your Ts

than you would in conversational English.

As of this moment,

As of this moment, I will never have
to make coffee again.

And then she breaks up this next statement into a few thought groups with some pauses

to bring extra emphasis. I will never, I will never

really stressing that word going up in pitch because she’s not done and then a break.

…I will never…

…I will never have to make coffee again.

Have to make coffee and again she goes up in pitch because she’s not done talking

and then the pitch at the end, again, goes down because that is the end of her statement.

So, she broke that sentence up into three
different thought groups

to just bring extra stress to it, I will never
have to make coffee.

So, by putting the break after the word the stress word never and the stress word coffee

just brings more emphasis to those words.

…have to make coffee again.

Have to make and actually I’m noticing here
she is not reducing the word to;

she’s making that a True T and an OO vowel which

again we almost never do but she is bringing emphasis to each word in this phrase.

She is so excited to never have to serve coffee again

that she did actually fully pronounce that
word, but it was still flat.

It was still unstressed low in pitch,

have to make coffee again

have to make coffee again.

The joke of this episode of course is that the very next scene is of her at her new job

where she is being told that her boss likes coffee and that she needs to make it for him.

Let’s listen to this whole conversation one more time.

There you go. Enjoy.

Should I tell her I ordered tea?
No.

Excuse me, everyone.

Uh, this is my last night working here.

And, uh, I just wanted to say that I made
some really good friends here.

And, uh, it’s just time to move on.

As of this moment, I will never have to
make coffee again.

If you love learning English with TV we do
have a whole playlist for that.

Check it out and if you love this kind of full pronunciation analysis I do a lot of it in my Academy.

My Academy is where I help students train and really reach their accent, their pronunciation goals.

Its Rachel’s English Academy.

There’s a 30-day money-back guarantee
so don’t be afraid to try it.

Also don’t forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, I make a new video every Tuesday.

That’s it guys and thanks so much for
using Rachel’s English.

今天是今年 12 月的第三个视频，我们正在使用 Friends Christmas 插曲，

Rachel 辞职学习英语的那个。

上周，她参加了一次工作面试。

现在在这一集中，她得到了这份工作，这是她在咖啡店工作的最后一天。

我们将研究这个场景以及我们所能做的关于美式英语发音的一切，

以找出是什么让美式
英语听起来像美国人。

这是现场。

你去吧。
享受。

我应该告诉她我点了茶吗？
不，

对不起，大家。

呃，这是我在这里工作的最后一晚。

而且，呃，我只是想说我在
这里交了一些非常好的朋友。

而且，嗯，是时候继续前进了。

从这一刻起，我再也不用
煮咖啡了。

现在让我们一起进行分析。

你去吧。

好的，我们的第一个思想组是
三个字长。

压力是什么？

压力最大的词是什么？

你去吧。

压力都在朝着顶峰上升。

在
带有 O 双元音的单词 go 中能量达到峰值。

为此，您将需要一些嘴唇圆润。

你在那里，向上和音调，
在能量和音量上上升

，你去，然后
是重读音节上的上下形状，

你去。

你去吧。

尝试这样做。尝试将其
与旅途中的压力高峰连接起来。

你会听三遍，然后会有一点暂停让你试一试。

你去吧。

你去吧。享受。

享受。

享受。
第二个音节重音。

享受。

所以，这里的上下文，这是
雷切尔的最后一班。

她最后一班的结束。

她确实在我们上周研究的视频中找到了一份工作
。

这一集的这一部分

她刚刚接受了一次面试，她
觉得自己做得不太好，

但她确实得到了这份工作

，所以这是她的最后一班，她
知道她还有工作要做。

享受。

我应该告诉她我点了茶吗？
不。

好吧，钱德勒实际上并没有点咖啡。

他的问题在这里的压力是什么？

我应该告诉她我点了茶吗？

我应该告诉她，动词，我应该告诉她我
点了茶，茶，音调上升。

这是一个是/否的问题。

那是我们那里最重音的两个
音节。

我应该，

这个词应该。我想说的是我会用 SCHWA 写应该，应该，应该，我应该，应该

我。D 是一个拍打音，因为它
位于两个元音或双元音之间。

L 在这里是无声的，所以它
位于 SCHWA 和 I 双元音之间。

所以，它说我应该，我应该，达，达，达，达，达。

我应该告诉她，舌头在上颚弹跳
。

我应该告诉她…

我应该告诉她吗。

Tell 以 True T 开头，

因为它以重读音节开头。

那总是一个真正的 T

除非它是 TR 集群然后它可能
是一个 CH 声音，告诉她。

我们有一个丢弃的 H the ER，SCHWA R 的结尾只是在告诉她之前链接到这个词，

告诉她，我应该告诉她。

我应该告诉她…

我应该告诉她我点了茶吗？

我点了两个更平，
我点的音调更低，我点了，我点了，我点了茶。

在重读单词 tea 之前

，又是一个 True T，因为那里的 T
开始一个重读音节。

我点了，我点了，我点了这两个词，音调更平，简化，不清晰。

我知道单词顺序

可能真的很难我实际上有一个视频，介绍了当它受到压力时如何发音，

你可以看看。

我会在视频说明中放一个链接。

…我点了茶？

我点了茶？
No.

No. No. No.

快速上下形状不，不。

不，

对不起，大家。

压力在’scuse。

请注意，这个词不是借口，而是借口。
她把它变成一个音节。

这是很常见的，所以这里的字母 X 代表两个声音 K 和 S，

ex-cuse，但不常见的是
去掉第一个元音并去掉 K，

然后说 scuse，scuse S 音 K，U
diphthong Z ‘skjuz，’ skjuz，对不起

，这就是她在这里所做的，强调那个音节。

‘Skjuz我，每个人。

对不起，大家。

呃，这是我在这里工作的最后一晚。

呃。好吧，在这个词之后
，这个思想组的压力是什么？

呃，这是我在这里工作的最后一晚。

这是我的最后一晚，这是我的，这是我的。

前三个词说得很快，

这是我的最后一个词，然后我们在那里压力更大
，昨晚在这里工作。

这是我在这里工作的最后一晚。

所以，最后和工作压力最大。

即便如此，尽管 last 是重读词之一，但它确实有一个下降的声音。

没有

T。原因是它是结束 ST 簇的一部分。

下一个单词以辅音开头。

像这样的两个辅音之间的 T，即使它们在两个不同的词中，也经常被删除。

昨晚，只是 S 音变成了 N 音，

昨晚我们在晚上结束时有一个停止 T。

那是因为下一个单词以辅音开头，而它之前的声音是元音或双元音。

在这种情况下，人工智能就像买双元音一样。

因此，前面的声音是

双元音，但前面的字母是 H

，我们会认为它是辅音字母，

但如果 T 在两个辅音之间，
我们会像这里一样将其删除。

我们不谈论字母；规则都是关于声音的。

所以这里的 T 不在两个辅音之间，它在 I 双元音之后，在辅音之前。

这就是为什么这个 T 是一个停止 T。

如果你对 T 的发音完全感到困惑，

我确实有一个播放列表，其中

涵盖了我们发音 T 的所有不同方式
以及围绕它们的规则。

这是我的最后一晚……

这是我在这里工作的最后一晚。

昨晚在这里工作压力，解除压力。

压力，无压力，无压力，昨晚在这里工作。

所以，ing 结尾和这里的词更平，音调更低，声音能量更低。

“工作”这个词是一个非常艰难的词。

不要尝试发元音，这是R元音
辅音组合wərk。

这就是我们在美式英语中的做法。

这个元音本身并没有真正的声音
，它只是与 R、

wərk、work 混合。

所以，工作，不要下巴。
对于这种声音，我们不需要太多的下巴。

舌尖向后和向上拉一点 wər, wərking, wərking 这里。

…在这里工作。

而且，呃……

好吧，在这个词中听到 D 并不常见
，但

她确实这样做了，尤其

是当人们在考虑接下来要说什么时，你会听到他们这样做

他们更有可能完全发音和。

而且，D 直接连接到下一个声音，即 UH 就像黄油声音一样，嗯。

而且，呃……

还有，呃……

而且，呃，我只是想说……

下一个思想小组的压力是什么？

我只是想说……

我只是想说。

同样，ST 簇后跟一个辅音
，就像 last night 变成 las’ night

just Want 变成 jus' Want。

我只是想说。

我只是想说……

一切都非常顺利地联系在一起。

我们这里还有三个 T。

让我们研究一下这些 T 会发生什么。

我只是想说……

想说，想说这第一个
T完全掉了。

这在这个词中很常见，
因为它出现在 N 之后。

很多其他人都会这样做。

所以，ED 在这里结束很有趣，因为我们去掉了 T，但它仍然遵循在 T 音之后出现的规则。

因此，ED 结尾的规则是当它出现在 T 或 D 之后时，它是 IH，如坐元音和 D 音。

因此，即使 T 被删除，该规则仍然保持 wan’ed、wan’ed、wan’ed

并且当之前的单词 to、to 以 D 结尾时，通常将 T 音放在一起，

然后放一个 SCHWA 最后

wanid，wanid，wanid，wanid，
wanid 要说，wanid 要说。

只是想说……

最后，她在这里发布了 True T 版本。

当谈到像这里那样的思想组结束时，将其设为 Stop T 也很常见，

但在这里她将其设为 True T。

所以，我只想这么说。

我们有四个 T 是这些词的
官方发音

的一部分，但其中只有一个
发音为 True

T。其他三个都被删除了。

太疯狂了。我爱英语。

…只是想说…

…只是想说我在这里结交了一些
非常好的朋友。

这句话的重音是什么？

…我在这里

结交了一些非常好的朋友…

…我在这里结交了一些非常好的朋友…

我在这里结交了一些非常好的朋友我在这里结交了一些非常好的朋友

我在这里做了，动词，我交了一些非常
好的朋友，名词，在这里。

因此，强调的一般方式是
内容词通常被强调。

这些是名词、动词、形容词和副词，

但它们并不总是重读，
例如，

与真的、非常好的相比，好这个词没有重读。

确实压力更大。

我在这里交了一些非常好的朋友。

…我在这里交了一些非常好的朋友。

一些词，如果它完全发音，它会像黄油元音一样有UH。

如果它被强调，它会有
一些上下的形状，

但我实际上会
用 SCHWA 写一些，一些。

它更平坦，更倾斜。我认为元音不完整，我认为它减少了，在这里交了一些非常好的朋友。

…我真的做了一些…

…我在这里交了一些非常好的朋友。

这里的朋友，这里的朋友。

我注意到她以她的音调结束了，这里有点朋友。

那是为了表明她还没有说完，
她还有一点话要说。

……这里的朋友。

而且，呃，还有，呃，她又开始思考该说什么，完整地发音这个词，

并将 D 连接到下一个声音，
思考元音 UH 就像在黄油中一样，呃。

而且，呃，

还有，呃，

还有，呃，是时候继续前进了。

在这张幻灯片的最后一个思考组中，压力是什么？

……是时候继续前进了。

……现在是继续前进的时候了。

Time, on 和短语动词的一部分，
是时候继续前进了。

现在，我们在这里有很多有趣的减少。

首先，我确定您可以猜到 T 被丢弃只是因为它位于两个辅音之间。

只是时间，S 直接进入
下一个 T，没有额外

的 T，时间 T 是真 T，因为
T 开始一个重读音节。

it’s, it’s 这个词怎么读？

……是时候了

…………是时候了…………

是时候了……

T，t，是时候了。 t，元音被删除。

这不是一个不常见的发音，你会听到它是，那是，what’s 和 let’s 都可以做到这一点。

实际上，我有一个视频可以说明这些减少。我将在视频说明中链接到该链接。

……是时候了

…………是时候了

…………是时候继续前进了。

所以，它只是与下一个单词相关联的 TS 发音，t’s just，t’s just，t’s just time。

现在，to这个词通常会减少，几乎所有时间元音都会减少为SCHWA

并且T会发生变化，因此它可以是True T，但也可以是Flap T，这里是Flap T。

当发出之前的声音时，就会发生这种情况。

并非总是你不必那样做，但你会经常听到这样的声音，有时间，有时间，有时间。

所以，它更像是 D 音，美式英语中的拍打音，而
不是 True T。

我们没有真正的 T 版本，是时候发布了。

…是时候…

…现在是时候…

…是时候继续前进了。

Time to move on, time to move on 然后

部分短语动词 move on the final word 也有一些重音 - time to move on。

…分手后要往前看了。

此刻，

这个思想群体的压力是什么？

到现在，

最重音的肯定是这个这个词。

就在这一刻。

莫也有一点重音，是那个词的重读音节，但这个重音最大。

就在这一刻。

截至目前，这两个词以Z音非常流畅地连接在一起。

就这一刻，

就这一刻，她
在这里做一个真正的T释放。

你不会总是听到这个，但她感到精力充沛，她对正在发生的事情感到兴奋。

她还与更大的群体交谈，因此在这些情况下，您可能

会比会话英语中发音更多的 T。

从此刻起，

从此刻起，我再也
不用煮咖啡了。

然后她将下一个陈述分成几个思想组，停顿

一下以增加重点。我永远不会，我永远

不会真正强调音高上的那个词，因为她还没有完成，然后休息。

…我永远不会…

…我再也不用煮咖啡了。

必须煮咖啡，然后她又提高了音调，因为她还没有说完

，然后音调在最后又降低了，因为那是她陈述的结尾。

所以，她把这句话分成三个
不同的思想组

，只是为了给它带来额外的压力，我永远
不用煮咖啡。

因此，通过在重音词 never 和重音词 coffee 后面加上 break ，

只会更加强调这些词。

…不得不再次煮咖啡。

必须做，实际上我注意到
她并没有将这个词简化为；

她把它变成了一个真正的 T 和一个 OO 元音

，我们几乎从来没有这样做过，但她正在强调这个短语中的每个单词。

她很兴奋再也不用端上咖啡了

，以至于她确实完全发音了这个
词，但它仍然是平淡的。

它的音调仍然没有压力，

必须再次煮咖啡

必须再次煮咖啡必须再次煮咖啡。

必须再次煮咖啡。

这一集的笑话当然是下一个场景是她在她的新工作

中，她被告知她的老板喜欢咖啡，她需要为他做咖啡。

让我们再听一遍整个对话。

你去吧。享受。

我应该告诉她我点了茶吗？
不，

对不起，大家。

呃，这是我在这里工作的最后一晚。

而且，呃，我只是想说我在
这里交了一些非常好的朋友。

而且，嗯，是时候继续前进了。

从这一刻起，我再也不用
煮咖啡了。

如果您喜欢通过电视学习英语，我们确实
有一个完整的播放列表。

看看吧，如果你喜欢这种完整的发音分析，我会在我的学院里做很多。

我的学院是我帮助学生训练并真正达到他们的口音和发音目标的地方。

它是瑞秋的英语学院。

有 30 天退款保证，
所以不要害怕尝试。

另外别忘了订阅我的 YouTube 频道，我每周二都会制作一个新视频。

就是这样，非常感谢您
使用 Rachel 的英语。