Intro to Word Stress American English Pronunciation
If you’ve seen many of my videos,
you’ve probably heard me refer to a
syllable as being stressed or accented.
Well, what does that mean?
In American English, certain words
have stress within a sentence,
and certain syllables have stress within a word.
And it is this stress that allows
our ears to understand the meaning
and also to pick up the important
parts of the sentence.
Let’s take for example the word ‘about’.
‘About’ has two syllables, one is stressed.
Can you guess which one it is? About. It’s the
second syllable. What makes a syllable stressed?
Well, about. uh, about. It is usually higher
in pitch. About. Also, longer in duration. About.
And it is this higher pitch and longer
length that allows our ear to pick it up
and understand what’s being said. About.
In longer words with more syllables, there can
be a primary stress and a secondary stress.
So the primary stress would be the highest
in pitch and perhaps the longest,
but there might also be another syllable that
is important that is brought out somewhat.
For example, the word embarrassment.
Em-bar-rass-ment.
So here it is the last two
syllables that are not stressed.
And it is the second syllable
that is stressed. Embar-.
But the first syllable is also somewhat important
and higher in pitch than the last two.
Embarrassment.
So, the first syllable there
has a secondary stress,
and the second syllable has the primary stress.
The last two syllables are unstressed.
And, within a sentence. ‘I saw her at the
meeting.’ Which words did you hear the best?
I saw, saw: this verb is higher in pitch.
I saw her at the meeting.
So it is ‘meeting’ and ‘saw’ that are the
stressed words within this sentence.
I saw her at the meeting.
Let’s take a look at some pictures. Here
I’ve used some speech analysis software.
It’s a free download, and I’ll
put a link to it on my website.
This software allows one to look
at several aspects of the voice.
Here I’m focusing on pitch
because that is one of the
important components of a
stressed word or a syllable.
The blue lines represent the pitch of the voice.
Here I’ve circled the stressed
syllable in the word about.
It is the second syllable that is stressed,
and you can see that it has
this curve up in this syllable.
Here, again, on ‘embarrassment’,
the accented syllable is slightly higher
in pitch, and has this scoop up in pitch.
Embarrassment, with the primary
stress on the second syllable,
and a secondary stress on the first syllable.
And, in the sentence, here is the word ‘saw’, and
the word ‘meeting’. I saw her at the meeting.
Where both ‘saw’ and the first
half of the word ‘meeting’
are the stressed syllables of this sentence.
All of these accented syllables
are generally higher in pitch
and have this slight scoop up in the voice
as the voice emphasizes the syllable.
In addition to there being words and syllables
that are stressed within a sentence,
there are those that are reduced.
For example, listen to how the word
‘for’ is pronounced in this sentence:
‘I got it for you,’ Frr, frr. It was
not at all ‘for’. I got it for you.
So it was lower in pitch and much shorter
than ‘for’. Fr, fr, I got it for you.
It is these changes in pitches, along
with an understanding of the sounds,
that make up an accent, and they are so important.
There will be many more videos on stress,
reduction, and speech patterns coming soon.