I want to share with you an email that I
recently received hi Rachel I'd really
like to see a video about reduced vowel
sounds in American English I mean the
sound Americans produce in words like
roses wanted profit plastic before
because and so on in unstressed
syllables are they all choise please I'd
love a lesson on these sounds because
I'm really confused about this Thanks
thank you for this question this is an
excellent question and I want to start
by saying that not all unstressed
syllables in American English have a
reduced vowel for example profit and
plastic both of these are examples when
they retain that it as in sit sound it
is unaccented and so that means the
duration of the vowel is not as long and
because the vowel doesn't have quite as
long it often doesn't quite solidify
into that very clear it sound but it is
still considered and written in IPA as
the is sound retaining its vowel profit
plastic and I will do another blog later
on other vowels that do retain
themselves within an unstressed syllable
now for vowel reduction the schwa is the
most common reduced vowel sound it's
also the most common vowel sound period
in American English so you're probably
familiar with it some examples sofa
about I believe in the how-to video I
described it as the position as if you
were going to not say anything about
sofa everything is very neutral central
relaxed now there is a second reduced
vowel sound and I want to say at the
beginning that I don't believe it is a
part of the general American English
international phonetic alphabet meaning
I have not ever seen it for example on
dictionary.com or the Cambridge
dictionary when I look up the
transcription of a word I have how
I've seen it in some scholarly journals
and it denotes a sound that I think is
worth talking about this second sound is
called the Bard I a phrase that shows
the difference between the two sounds is
roses roses Rosa
being a name ending in a schwa sound now
when we add the apostrophe s to show
possession roses the schwa is in tact
roses being the plural of rose has the
second bard I sound roses roses it's a
subtle difference what is the difference
as I said it's a little higher in the
mouth because the tongue comes up just a
little bit on Rosa the schwa my tongue
is laying on the bottom of my mouth Rosa
when I say Rosa's the tongue moves up
just a little bit it doesn't come up as
much as for the e as in sit but it does
come up a little bit to raise that sound
roses roses another very subtle
difference in the mouth position for
this is as I said the tongue comes up a
bit but also the corners of the mouth
come out ever so slightly roses roses
it's just a real slight pull there on
both sides here is a photo illustration
the very slight difference in the corner
of the mouth on the left is the schwa
and on the right is the bard eye you can
see here in the corners of the mouth for
the bard eye that they come slightly up
and back also the teeth are slightly
further apart in the bard I found this
is to accommodate the slight rising of
the tongue I'm going to read a set of
paired words that comes from a scholarly
paper that I did come across on the
internet and I will have it for download
on my web page the first set of words or
the first word in each pair rather is a
noun showing possession and that noun
ends in the schwa sound the schwa sound
remains intact when you add the s for
possession the second
word in each of these word pairs is a
plural noun and it's the same as in
roses roses the schwa is in the first
word and this bard I is in the second
word roses roses leases leases rushes
Russians asia's ages ninjas hinges did
you notice how in the second of each of
those word pairs the second sound was
closer to the ear as in sit than the
schwa which was the first sound you may
be wondering when to use which of these
two vowel sounds as I said if a word
ends in a schwa and you add a suffix for
example an S to make a noun plural then
the schwa remains like sofas if it's a
noun that ends in an e that is not a
schwa and you add an S to make it plural
like roses then that would be a case
where it would be the bard I sound if
you're feeling confused or are having
problems identifying the difference in
these two sounds please don't worry
it's rather subtle and as I said I have
not ever seen this bard
I sound in IPA outside of these
technical papers I want to take a minute
to go back to the original email roses
as discussed the bard I sound prophet
plastic also as discussed these two do
have unaccented syllables but the vowel
is not reduced
they both retain the e as in sit vowel
sound wanted before and because these
three words to my ears work with either
of the reduced vowel sounds the bard
I or the schwa I will read them first
using a schwa wanted because before and
now with the bard I wanted because
before to me they work either way the
difference between these two reduced
vowels is the
{{
我想和你分享一封我最近收到的电子邮件，
瑞秋，我真的很
想看一个关于美式英语中元音减少的视频
音节是他们都选择了吗？我
很想上这些声音的课，因为
我对此感到很困惑
谢谢你的问题，这是一个
很好的问题，我
首先想说的是，并非所有
美式英语中的非重读音节都有
减元音，例如利润和
塑料，这两个都是当
他们保留它的例子时，它就像在坐的声音一样，它
是无重音的，所以这意味着
元音的持续时间没有那么长，
因为元音没有那么
长它 通常不会完全固化
成非常清晰的声音，但它
仍然被考虑和写在 IPA 中，
因为它的声音保留了它的元音利润
塑料，我稍后会写另一个
关于其他元音的博客 现在确实将
自己保留在一个非重读音节
中以减少元音 schwa 是
最常见的减少元音，它
也是美式英语中最常见的元音音
段，所以你可能
熟悉它一些关于沙发的例子
，我相信如何- 在视频中，我
将其描述为好像你不会对沙发说任何话的位置，
一切都非常中性，中央
放松，现在有第二个减少的
元音，我想在
开始时说，我不相信这是一个
通用美式英语
国际音标的一部分含义
我从未在例如
dictionary.com 或剑桥
词典上看到它 当我查找
单词的转录时，我知道
我在一些学术期刊上看到它的方式
，它表示 我认为
值得讨论的声音 这第二个声音被
称为 Bard I 一个
显示两个声音之间差异的短语是
roses roses Rosa
是一个以 sch 结尾的名字 wa 声音现在
当我们添加撇号 s 以显示
拥有玫瑰时 schwa 是机智的
roses 是rose 的复数形式有
第二个吟游诗人我发声
roses 因为舌头
在 Rosa the schwa 上抬起了一点点 我的
舌头放在我嘴巴的底部 Rosa
当我说 Rosa's 的时候，舌头向上移动
了一点点它没有
像 e 那样出现那么多 坐下，但它确实
会稍微提高声音
玫瑰 玫瑰 嘴巴位置的另一个非常微妙的
差异，
就像我说的那样，舌头有点上扬，
但嘴角也
微微露出来 玫瑰玫瑰
它是 只是两边都有轻微的拉力
这是一张照片插图
左边嘴角的细微差别是
schwa 右边是吟游诗人的眼睛 你可以
在
嘴角看到 他们com的吟游诗人之眼 e 稍微向上
和向后 牙齿
在吟游诗人中的距离也稍微远一些 我发现这
是为了适应舌头的轻微
上升 我将阅读一组
来自我确实遇到过的学术论文的成对单词
互联网，我将
在我的网页上下载第一组
单词或每对中的第一个单词，而不是
显示拥有的名词，并且该名词
以 schwa 声音结尾
当您添加 s 时，schwa 声音保持不变
所有这些词对中的第二个词是
复数名词，它与
玫瑰玫瑰中的第一个
词中的 schwa 和第二个词中的这个吟游诗人相同
请注意，在
每个单词对中的第二个中，第二个声音是如何
更靠近耳朵的
作为 chwa 并且你添加一个后缀，
例如一个 S 来使名词复数，
然后 schwa 仍然像沙发，如果它是
一个以 e 结尾的名词，而不是
schwa 并且你添加一个 S 使它
像玫瑰一样复数，那么那就是
如果您感到困惑或在识别这两种声音的差异时遇到问题，这将是我听起来的吟游诗人，
请不要担心
它相当微妙，正如我所说，我
从未见过这个吟游诗人
我在 IPA 中发声 在这些
技术论文之外，我想花一点时间
回到原来的电子邮件玫瑰，
正如所讨论的吟游诗人，我听起来像预言家
塑料，也正如所讨论的，这两个确实
有不重音的音节，但
元音没有减少，
他们都保留了 e
以前想要的元音，因为这
三个词在我的耳朵里可以
使用降低元音的吟游诗人
我或施瓦我会先
用一个施瓦想要读它们，因为以前和
现在用我想要的吟游诗人，因为
在我之前他们工作 e 不管怎样，
这两个减元音之间的区别
是