In this American English pronunciation video, you'll come with me to the Union Square farmer's market.

Today I spent some time at the farmer's market where I did things like buy these beautiful

flowers. The words 'farmer' and 'market' both have the 'ah' as in 'father' vowel followed

by the R consonant. I've noticed that this combination can be problematic for my students.

It's important to remember to make a good 'ah' vowel before moving into the R consonant.

A lot of people want to rush this, and the two sounds end up getting combined to something

like far-, far-, instead of fah-rr, fah-rr. So, it is true with this combination that

your tongue will probably start moving back into the R as soon as you start the AH vowel.

But it's important to start the AH vowel with the tongue tip forward. Far, far. And make

sure you have enough jaw drop to get the good AH vowel. When in doubt, always practice slowly.

Ah-rr, farmer's market. Farmer's market.

The farmer's market at Union Square has some interesting things, like hand-dyed yarn, seafood,

beautiful flowers, and sometimes, if you're lucky, free samples.

Spicy. Is it?

Did you hear how the intonation went up at the end. Is it? This is true of questions

that can be answered with yes or no. In general, other questions will go down in pitch at the

end. For example, what does it taste like? Taste like? like? it? like? Listen again.

Is it? [3x] Too spicy or just right?

Here the question will be answered with either 'too spicy' or 'just right'. So, not a yes/no

question. Therefore, the sentence goes down in pitch at the end. Just right. Right, right.

Listen again.

Too spicy, or just right [3x] Perfect.

There's also a local vendor who brings lots of honey, and, with that, bees. After putting

honey and bees on my finger, the beekeeper told me the only way to get them off is with

a good shake.

The farmer's market also has lots of great baked goods, like these cider donuts.

Apple cider donuts. Oh, yum!

Can I have some? Can I have some? Again, a yes/no question,

so the pitch went up at the end. Some? Some? Also, did you notice how I reduced the word

'can' to 'kn'. We do this when it is a helping verb in a sentence. That is, not the main

verb. Can I have some? Listen again.

Can I have some? [3x] Yeah.

Oh wow. It's soft. That is good.

Now hold up your apple. This is my honey crisp apple.

The word 'apple' is a great word to pick out and study for pronunciation, because many

people have difficulty with the Dark L sound. It's quite common to hear non-native speakers

substitute the OH diphthong for the dark L. So we end up getting a sound like 'app-oh'

instead of 'apple'. App-oh, apple. So what's the difference? When we substitute the OH

diphthong, you can see that the lips will round. App-oh. This means that the sound is

being formed here at the front of the mouth. But for the dark L, apple, ul, ul, the sound

vibrates here in the back of the mouth, and even the throat. Ul, ul, oh, oh, ul, ul. So,

how do you make the dark L? Ul, ul. To make this, the tongue shifts back a little bit

in the back, so the tension is in the back of the mouth, back of the tongue. Ul, that's

what brings the vibration here. Ul, ul, apple, ul, ul, rather than app-oh, oh, oh. Apple,

apple. There are lots of words that end with this dark L in an unstressed syllable, like

'bottle', 'incredible'. So, it's really worth getting the sound right. Ul, ul.

Grape. The 'ay' diphthong is another sound that my students sometimes have problems with.

Ay, ay. We have to hear two distinctly different vowel sounds, so for the first sound, the

jaw has to drop quite a bit, and that's the part that my students generally miss. Ay,

ay. For the second half of the diphthong, the tongue tip still stays down here, behind

the bottom front teeth, but the front part of the tongue stretches up towards the roof

of the mouth. That's what brings the jaw up. Ay, ay, grape.

So, if you ever find yourself in the New York area, I do recommend hitting up the farmer's

market in Union Square.

That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.

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在这个美式英语发音视频中，你 将和我一起去联合广场农贸市场。

今天我在农贸市场呆了一段时间，在 那里我做了一些事情，比如买这些漂亮的

花。 “farmer”和“market”这两个词 都有“ah”，就像“father”元音后面

跟着R辅音一样。 我注意到这种 组合可能会给我的学生带来问题。

重要的是要记住 在进入 R 辅音之前发出一个好的“啊”元音。

很多人都想着急，结果这 两个声音最终组合成

far-, far- 之类的东西，而不是 fah-rr, fah-rr。 所以，这个组合确实是，一旦你开始 AH 元音，

你的舌头可能会开始 回到 R 中。

但重要的是以舌尖向前开始 AH 元音 。 远，远。 并

确保你有足够的下巴来获得好的 AH 元音。 如有疑问，请始终慢慢练习。

啊，农贸市场。 农贸市场。

联合广场的农贸市场有一些 有趣的东西，比如手工染色的纱线、海鲜、

美丽的鲜花，如果 幸运的话，有时还提供免费样品。

辣。 是吗？

你有没有听到最后的语调是如何上升 的。 是吗？

对于可以用“是”或“否”来回答的问题，情况也是如此。 一般来说， 其他问题在最后都会下降

。 例如，它尝起来是什么味道？ 尝起来像？ 喜欢？ 它？ 喜欢？ 再听一遍。

是吗？ [3x] 太辣还是刚刚好？

在这里，问题将被回答为 “太辣”或“恰到好处”。 所以，不是一个是/否的

问题。 因此，这句话 在结尾处音调下降。 正好。 是的是的。

再听一遍。

太辣了，或者刚刚好 [3x] 完美。

还有一个当地的小贩带来了 很多蜂蜜，还有蜜蜂。 把

蜂蜜和蜜蜂放在我的手指上后，养蜂人 告诉我，让它们脱落的唯一方法就是

摇一摇。

农贸市场也有很多很棒的 烘焙食品，比如这些苹果酒甜甜圈。

苹果酒甜甜圈。 哦，好吃！

我可以来点吗？ 可以给我一些...吗？ 再一次，一个是/否的问题，

所以音调在最后上升了。 一些？ 一些？ 另外，您是否注意到我如何将

“can”一词简化为“kn”。 当它是句子中的助动词时，我们会这样做 。 也就是说，不是主要

动词。 可以给我一些...吗？ 再听一遍。

我可以来点吗？ [3x] 是的。

哇哦。 它很软。 那很好。

现在举起你的苹果。 这是我的蜂蜜脆苹果。

“apple”这个词是一个非常适合挑选 和学习发音的词，因为很多

人对 Dark L 的发音有困难。 听到非母语人士

用 OH 双元音代替深色 L 是 很常见的。所以我们最终会听到类似“app-oh”

而不是“apple”的声音。 应用程序哦，苹果。 那么有 什么区别呢？ 当我们替换 OH

双元音时，您可以看到嘴唇会变 圆。 应用程序哦。 这意味着声音是

在嘴的前面形成的。 但是对于黑暗的L，apple，ul，ul，声音

在口腔后部， 甚至喉咙里振动。 呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜呜 那么，

如何制作暗L呢？ 乌尔，乌尔。 为了做到 这一点，舌头向后移动一点

，所以张力在 嘴巴的后部，舌头的后部。 Ul，这

就是带来振动的原因。 ul，ul，apple， ul，ul，而不是app-哦，哦，哦。 苹果，

苹果。 有很多词以 这个暗 L 结尾的一个非重读音节，比如

“瓶子”、“难以置信”。 所以，把声音弄好真的很值得 。 乌尔，乌尔。

葡萄。 “ay”双元音 是我的学生有时会遇到问题的另一种声音。

哎，哎。 我们必须听到两个截然不同的 元音，所以对于第一个声音，

下巴必须下降很多，这 是我的学生通常会错过的部分。 哎，

哎。 对于双元音的后半部分 ，舌尖仍然停留在下面，

在下门牙的后面，但舌头的前 部向上延伸

到上颚。 这就是让下巴抬起来的原因。 嗯嗯，葡萄。

所以，如果你发现自己在纽约 地区，我建议你去

联合广场的农贸市场。

就是这样，非常 感谢您使用 Rachel 的英语。