Learning EnglishHow to learn ENGLISH SPEAKINGLearning English with movies Rachels English

I’ve got something very exciting for you.

In this video, we’re going to study English with movies!

Today it’s a short scene from a new movie, On the Basis of Sex,

and we’re going to do an in-depth pronunciation analysis to

boost your listening comprehension and help you sound more American.

It’s amazing what we can discover by studying even a small bit of English conversation.

I call this kind of exercise a Ben Franklin exercise.

First we’ll watch the scene, then you and I will study together to understand exactly how the

words are being pronounced.

You’ll be amazed at what we’re going to find after watching the scene.

First, the scene.

I apologize, okay?

I want to know where you were.

Denise and I went to a rally to hear Gloria Steinem speak.

What?

Gloria Steinem. She’s a writer. She just started her own magazine.

She testified in the Senate.
Yeah, I know who Gloria Steinem is.

What if you got hurt, or, arrested?
Mom, it’s a rally, not a riot.

Jane, these things can get out of hand.

Okay, well I’m fifteen years old, and you don’t need to control every minute of my life.

Yes I do. That is my job.
And your job is to go to school and learn.

Now, the analysis.

I apologize.

A five-syllable thought group.

I apol–

And the middle syllable, the third syllable is the most stressed.

I apologize.

But the intonation is smooth. We don’t have skips.

It scoops up, the voice scoops up and then it comes back down.

I apologize. I apologize.

Linked together smoothly. We have a vowel to vowel link here, with a diphthong AI.

I uh– linking right into the schwa of ‘apologize’.

In a link like this, when it’s an AI diphthong linking into another word that begins with a vowel or diphthong,

you can think of connecting them with a Y sound.
I ya– yapologize, yapologize.

I apologize. It can help smooth out that link.

I apologize.

I apologize, okay?

Okay? Okay? Pitch goes up at the end. Okay.

It’s a yes/no question. However, it’s, she’s not really asking yes or no.

Her tone is pretty harsh, isn’t it? I apologize.

It doesn’t sound very apologetic at all.

I apologize, okay?

I want to know where you were.

One sentence, one thought group. What are the most stressed syllables there?

I want to know where you were.

I think ‘know’ and ‘were’ are the most stressed words there.

Every word is linked together smoothly, the words ‘want to’

linked together into a single reduction. Wanna.

I wanna, I want to know.

I wanna know where you were.

No gaps between the words, everything super smooth.

I wanna. AI diphthong right into the W constant sound,

schwa of ‘wanna’ uh, uh, right into the stressed word know. I want to know.

I want to know where you were.

Denise and I went to a rally to hear Gloria Steinem speak.

Then her daughter replies with a long thought group.

Denise and I went to a rally to hear Gloria Steinem speak.

What do you hear as the most stressed words there?

Denise and I went to a rally to hear Gloria Steinem speak.

Went to a rally to hear Gloria Steinem speak.

So Denise is a little bit stressed, but

there’s also, she’s not putting a lot of energy in her voice there at the beginning,

Denise, Denise.

Denise and I went to a rally–

Denise and I went to a rally to hear Gloria Steinem speak.

Speak is also a little bit longer.

Let’s talk about her reductions.

Do you hear any reductions here?

A reduction is where a sound on a word is dropped or changed.

Denise and I went to a rally to hear Gloria Steinem speak.

This first one, right here. Denise and I–

Denise and I–

The word ‘and’ is reduced, it’s just an N sound, quick schwa N. Denise and, Denise and,

Denise and I.

I think this word sounds sort of like the word ‘in’ when it’s reduced. Denise and I, Denise and I.

And it’s really smoothly linked together, the ending S sound links into the schwa.

Denise and I.

And then the N sound links right into the AI diphthong.

Denise and I–

Denise and I went to a rally to hear Gloria Steinem speak.

Went to a – Went to a –

We have two T’s here, they’re connected with just a single true T sound.

So you don’t need to make two T’s here, we link them together.

Went to a – Went to a –

Went to a rally.

The word ‘to’, this word usually reduces.

Almost always the vowel changes to the schwa but

here, the next word is simply the schwa.

So if we changed the OO vowel to a schwa,

then we wouldn’t have anything to let us know we’re changing syllables here,

because it would be the same exact sound.

So in order to link smoothly, but have us know,

have us hear that as two separate words,

we don’t reduce the vowel when it’s followed by a schwa.

To a– To a– To a– To a–

So even though it’s not stressed, that would be ‘to’

it’s still said flatly and quickly. To, to, to.

It’s not reduced.

Went to a– Went to a– Went to a–

Went to a rally.

Okay, now, look. Here, we have another word ‘to’,

another opportunity to study the word. How is it pronounced here?

Went to a rally to hear–

T’s definitely not: to, to, to.

There’s no true T and there’s no OO vowel.

It’s more of a flap T and then the vowel is the schwa. Rally to–

So we make it t a flap T when it comes between two vowels.

We don’t usually do this at the beginning of words,

but words like today, tomorrow, two, together,

these words we do sometimes do this with, make the true T a flap T instead.

Rally to– Rally to– Rally to–

So we have two occurrences of the word ‘to’, both times they’re unstressed but once it’s not reduced at all,

none of the sounds are changed and the other time it’s reduced a lot. Both sounds change flap T and schwa.

Rally to– Rally to–

Rally to hear–

‘Hear’, this is a verb and usually our content words are stressed, but in any sentence,

if we have a lot of different content words that is nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs,

they won’t all be equally stressed.

So here, went and hear, even though those are both verbs, to me feel less stressed than the others.

Then we have Gloria Steinem, a proper noun.

Now, any time we have a name, it’s the last word in the name that’s the most stressed.

So Gloria– Glor–, the stressed syllable there is stressed but Steinem,

the stressed syllable there, to me, is even more stressed.

Gloria Steinem.

Da-da-da-DA-da. Steinem.

The stressed syllable of her last name would be the most stressed in the group of her name.

Gloria Steinem.

And then one more stressed word, speak, at the end.

Gloria Steinem speak.

What?

What? What?

She does a light true T release at the end,

that’s a little uncommon, it’s more common to make a stop T at the end of a thought group. What?

What? But she does a light release. Notice the intonation goes up. What?

What? She’s surprised. She can’t believe what she’s hearing.

Let’s talk about the WH consonants here.

How does she pronounce these sounds?

What? What? What?

Just as a pure W sound. What? What?

It’s become outdated, I would say, to pronounce the hh sound before the W.

What? What?

In WH words, you might hear some people say it that way.

My mom does it that way, what, white, for example,

but it’s much more common these days to just do a clean W sound. What.

Not the W sound with the little escape of air H before. What?

What?

Gloria Steinem.

Okay there’s that name again.

And again, we have a little bit of stress on the stressed syllable of Gloria,

but then more stress on the stressed syllable, Steinem.

Gloria Steinem.

There’s no separation between these words they’re linked smoothly together

because they’re part of the same thought group.

Everything in English is really smoothly linked together within the same thought group.

Gloria Steinem.

She’s a writer.

She’s a writer. She’s a writer.

Again, linked together, really smoothly there’s no break, the letter A, the article a here is the schwa.

She’s a–, so the apostrophe S is a Z sound, it links right into the schwa.

The schwa links right into the beginning sound of the next word, which is an R.

The W is silent in this word.

She’s a writer. She’s a writer.

What’s the most stressed syllable there?

She’s a writer.

It’s the stressed syllable of writer. So we have smoothly going up, she’s a writer,

then the peak on wri–, and the pitch falls down. She’s a writer.

Uuuhh— Really smooth, no jumps or gaps in the pitch there. She’s a writer.

And notice the T here is a flap T because it comes between two vowel sounds.

So it’s not a true T, but rather a flap of the tongue.

She’s a writer.

She’s a writer. She just started her own magazine.

She just started her own magazine.

What are your most stressed words there?

She just started her own magazine.

Started her own magazine.

Star and mag the most stressed syllables there,

the other syllables said quickly. She just–

How is the word ‘just’ pronounced?

Focus especially on the ending cluster ST.

She just started– She just started– She just started–

Just started– Just started– She just started–

The T is dropped. This is really common with the ST cluster at the end

when the next word begins with a consonant,

we tend to drop the T.

Just started. So the two words linked together with a single S sound.

She just started. She and just, low in pitch, flatter, compared to star. She just star– she just started.

She just started. She just started. She just started.

The T here in started, another flap. Why?

It comes after an R before a vowel, not between vowels. True,

but this same rule applies. A T becomes a flap T when it comes after an R before a vowel.

Started. Started.

So the vowel sound here is the IH as in sit vowel followed by the D consonant.

This is how we pronounce the ED ending. Started.

The ED ending is pronounced this way if the sound before is a T or a D. Started. Started.

The ED ending when it makes an extra syllable is always unstressed.

Star– ted, ted, ted.

So it’s said more quickly, it’s flatter in pitch, less energy in the voice. Started.

She just started.

She just started. She just started.

She just started her own magazine.

Her own magazine.

So her and own, less stressed, a little flatter, leading up in pitch and energy to the stressed syllable, mag.

Her own magazine.

And then smoothly, the voice falls off.

So this is how stress works in American English.

We have stressed syllables where the pitch of the voice peaks, and the energy of the voice peaks,

and it’s always a smooth connection up to, and then falling away from that peak.

The word her, she doesn’t drop the H although that is a common reduction.

Started her. Started her own. Started her own magazine.

You might hear that. She doesn’t do that though, she pronounces a light H sound even though it’s unstressed.

Her own magazine.

Her own magazine, her own magazine, her own magazine.

She testified in the senate.

Okay so she’s getting more impassioned.

The pitch of her voice, the high pitches of her voice are getting higher.

She testified in the Senate.

And then her mom starts speaking.

But she, in, the, all function words, a little less important for meaning, lower in pitch, faster,

less clear than the stressed syllables of the stressed words.

Test, sen.

She testified in the senate.

Notice the ED ending here in testified.

It’s just a sound, it’s the D sound.

So there’s no extra syllable, it’s not a vowel and a consonant, it’s just a consonant.

And that’s because the sound before was not a T or a D. Testified.

So just a light D sound at the end which then links into the next word, the IH as in sit vowel for in.

She testified in the Senate.

And it’s hard to hear because her mom starts talking but this T is a stop T.

She doesn’t release the escape of air. Senate.

It’s an abrupt stop of air. If I said that with a true T, it would sound like this: Senate.

Do you hear the difference? Senate.

But instead it’s, Senate.

That might sound to you like the T is dropped but it’s not totally dropped because we do stop the air.

Senate.

It, it, it. And that abrupt stop is part of the T.

Senate.

Senate.
Yeah, I know who Gloria Steinem is.

Yeah, I know who Gloria Steinem is.

So a really quick yeah, and then I know who Gloria Steinem is, a thought group with three stressed syllables.

I know who Gloria Steinem is.

And all of those sounds linked together really smoothly. There’s no break between words.

I know who Gloria Steinem is.

Ending M links right into the beginning vowel IH of ‘is’.

Is, pronounced with a light weak Z sound at the end. Is, is, is.

Yeah, I know who Gloria Steinem is.

What if you got hurt?

Two stressed words there. What if you got hurt?

Hurt, the most stressed. She does a light release so that’s a true T. Hurt.

The T here, got hurt, is a stop T.

We make a T a stop T when it’s at the end of a thought group, like here in Senate

or when it’s followed by a word that begins with a consonant sound.

And here, it begins with a consonant sound, H.

Got hurt, got hurt.

So there’s a stop here. Got hurt.

And that signifies the stop T.

What about the T in ‘what’ over here?

What if you got hurt?

What are you hearing there?

It’s a flap T. What if, what if.

And that’s because it comes between two vowel sounds.

So even though the vowel in ‘if’, the IH vowel, isn’t part of the same word,

these two words link together so that T does come between two vowels and it is a flap T.

That flap T connects the two words.

What if, what if, what if.

What if you got hurt?

What if you got hurt, or, arrested?

Arrested, arrested. Da-DA-da.

Stress on the middle syllable. A-rres-ted.

The ED ending of this word, how is it pronounced?

It is an extra syllable. That means it’s a vowel and a consonant. The IH vowel

and the D sound, that’s because the sound before was a T. Arrested. Arrested.

Or, arrested?
Mom.

Or, arrested?
Mom, it’s a rally, not a riot.

Mom, it’s a rally, not a riot.

Okay, so what do we have here?

What are our most stressed syllables?

Mom, has some length. Mom, it’s a rally, not a riot.

Then stress on the syllable rall– and riot, she also exaggerates the R, rally, rrr–

and when we exaggerate a consonant by holding it out a little bit, giving it a little bit more time,

that adds more stress. It’s a rally.

It’s a rally, not a riot.

It’s a little hard to hear, what her final T is. I think it’s a true T

but it’s a little hard to hear because her mom starts talking.

It’s a– not a–,

these two sets of unstressed words, flatter in pitch, it’s a– not a–

said more quickly compared to rally and riot which are stressed. Everything links together.

Everything’s very smooth. It’s a rally, not a riot.

Not a, linking together with that flap T.

It’s a rally, not a riot.

It’s a rally, not a riot.
Jane, these things can get out of hand.

Jane, Jane. Single thought group, stressed word, up down, Jane, Jane.

Jane, these things can get out of hand.

Get out of hand. She says this word a little bit differently.

It’s part of the accent that she’s developed for this movie, we would say hand,

the AH as in bat vowel when it’s followed by N, like it is here, has an UH sound like butter or schwa before the N.

Hand–

This is where the back of the tongue relaxes. But this is not really how she pronounces it.

Jane, these things can get out of hand.

Hand, hand, hand.

So that’s not really a standard pronunciation of the word.

Hand, hand, ah, ah, ah,

Would be more standard. The word ‘these’ unstressed, said more quickly. These things can get–

Then we have the word ‘can’. It’s not only unstressed but it reduces, a sound changes.

Rather than ah, it’s the schwa, and it’s said really quickly. Can, can, things can, things can get.

These things can get out of hand.

Now, we have two T’s here. This T comes between two vowel or diphthong sounds.

This T comes between two vowel or diphthong sounds, so they should both be flap T’s.

Let’s listen to how she does it.

Can get out of hand.

And they are both Flap Ts.

Get out of, get out of.

The word ‘of’ is reduced to just the schwa. That’s pretty common especially with ‘out’.

Out of, out of, out of. Get out of hand, get out of hand.

Get out of hand.

Okay, well I’m fifteen years old, and you don’t need to control every minute of my life.

Then we have a very long thought group here, it continues on to the next slide.

Let’s listen to this first part and listen for the stressed syllables.

Okay, well I’m fifteen years old–

So her pitch is higher, her speech is a lot faster, showing emotion here, but I still hear a couple syllables,

a couple words is a little bit more stressed.

Okay, well I’m fifteen years old–

Fifteen and old, a little bit longer, a little bit more stressed.

The T here is a true T because it starts a stressed syllable. Fifteen.

That’s different than the word ‘fifty’ where it’s the first syllable that’s stressed. Fifty.

Then we usually make that T a flap T even though it doesn’t follow the rules.

Fifty, but 1-5, fifteen, has a true T, stress on the second syllable.

Well, I’m fifteen years old–

Notice everything links together really smoothly, the plural S in years is pronounced as a Z

and it links into the next words. Zold, zold. Years old, years old.

Okay, well I’m fifteen years old–

Okay, well I’m fifteen years old, and you don’t need to control every minute of my life.

And you don’t need to control every minute of my life.

Okay, don’t, she stresses that, she does a gesture with her arms on it to add more stress.

You don’t need to control every minute of my life.

Okay, so those are our most stressed syllables. What else is going on here?

First of all, I notice the reduction with the word ‘and’.

And, and, and, and, and, said really quickly. And you, and you, and you.

And you don’t need to–

Now we have a stressed word, don’t. Usually when a word is stressed,

we don’t change anything about the pronunciation. We don’t reduce it.

But what happens to the T? Let’s listen.

And you don’t need to–

You don’t need, you don’t need.

It’s it’s totally dropped. This is a way that we do pronounce N apostrophe T contractions.

There are several different ways it’s pronounced, this is one of them.

T completely dropped, the N in don’t links directly into the N in need. Don’t need, you don’t need.

And you don’t need to–

Need to– need to– need to–

Now, here, again, it’s a flap. It’s not a true T sound. It’s more like a D.

And we can link that with the word before, need to– need to–.

So this is just like earlier when she reduced the word ‘to’ to flap and schwa.

She’s doing it again. Need to– need to– need to–

And you don’t need to control–

Control, stress on the second syllable, TR cluster is often pronounced as CHR

and I do hear this lightly as a CH, rather than a T sound. Control, control.

Control, control, control every minute of my life.

Minute of my life. Every minute of my life.
Every minute of my life.

Again, the pitch change is always very smooth.

Every min– that’s leading up to the peak in minute of my life.

It goes down and then back up, minute of, linked together with a flap T. Minute of my life.

Now, here, the V sound isn’t dropped. It is said lightly.

Minute of my life.

Every minute of my life.

Every minute of my life.
Yes, I do. That is my job.

Yes, I do. That is my job.

Quite a bit of stress here. Yes, I do. That is my job.

Two peaks in each of those sentences. Yes I do.

Uhhhh. But the pitch change is very smooth, very linked together, those words: Yes, I do. That is my job.

These two words linked with a flap T. That is, that is, that is. That is my job.

Yes, I do. That is my job.

Yes, I do. That is my job.
And your job is to go to school and learn.

And your job is to go to school and learn.

Those are the most stressed words there. What’s happening with reductions?

And your job is to go to school and learn.

And your job, and, and, and, and.

So the word ‘and’ reduced again. I would probably say the vowel isn’t reduced, and,

instead of un, un, un, un. Here, it was: and you, and you, and you.

But here it’s: and, and, and, and your, and your, and your.

And your job–

And your job– And your job–

So even though she’s stressing the word ‘your’, she’s reducing it, she’s not saying:

your, she’s saying: yer, yer.

So that’s the Y sound, the schwa, and the R.

So she’s reduced the sounds but the intonation and the stress is there. Yer– up down, it’s a peak.

And your job, and your job.

And your job–

And your job is to go to school.

Is to go to school.

So interestingly, alright, first we have the Z sound in ‘is’. Iz, iz to. Then I here this as a true T and the OO vowel,

not reduced: to, to, to.

I’m not quite sure why she does that, it might be part of the accent she’s developing for this period.

To, to, to. Your job is to go to–

But then the second word ‘to, totally reduced. Flap T and the schwa.

Go to, go to, go to, go to school.

Is to go to school.

Is to go to school and learn.

And learn. And learn. And learn.

I would write that as schwa N, that reduction, it’s certainly not and.

And learn. And learn. And learn.

So as you’ve seen here in this dialogue, there are lots of different reductions in American English.

T’s are pronounced differently depending on the context.

ED endings, pronunciation is not always what you think, like the N apostrophe T in ‘don’t’, why is that T dropped?

So the more you study English like this, and the more you pay attention to how Americans speak,

the easier time you will have understanding them, and then also the easier you’ll be able to imitate them

when you know the details of what’s happening.

And when you’re able to really imitate then you will start to sound more natural

when you speak American English.

Because a lot of what Americans do with pronunciation might be different from what you learned in school.

Let’s listen to this whole dialogue one more time.

I apologize, okay?

I want to know where you were.

Denise and I went to a rally to hear Gloria Steinem speak.

What?

Gloria Steinem. She’s a writer. She just started her own magazine.

She testified in the Senate.
Yeah, I know who Gloria Steinem is.

What if you got hurt, or, arrested?
Mom, it’s a rally, not a riot.

Jane, these things can get out of hand.

Okay, well I’m fifteen years old, and you don’t need to control

every minute of my life.
Yes I do. That is my job.

And your job is to go to school and learn.

We’re going to be doing a lot more of this kind of analysis together.

What movie scenes would you like to see analyzed like this?

Let me know in the comments.

And if you want to see all of my Ben Franklin videos I’ve ever made, here is that playlist.

You can also find the link in the video description.

That’s it, and thanks so much for using Rachel’s English.

我有一些让你非常兴奋的事情。

在本视频中，我们将通过电影学习英语！

今天，这是一部新电影《基于性别》中的一个简短场景

，我们将进行深入的发音分析，以

提高您的听力理解能力并帮助您听起来更美国化。

通过学习一点点英语对话，我们就能发现令人惊奇的东西。

我把这种练习称为本富兰克林练习。

首先，我们将观看现场，然后你和我将一起学习，以准确了解

单词的发音方式。

看完现场后，您会惊讶于我们会发现什么。

首先，场景。

我道歉，好吗？

我想知道你在哪里。

丹妮丝和我参加了一次集会，听格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆讲话。

什么？

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆。她是个作家。她刚刚创办了自己的杂志。

她在参议院作证。
是的，我知道 Gloria Steinem 是谁。

如果您受伤或被捕怎么办？
妈妈，这是集会，不是暴动。

简，这些事情可能会失控。

好吧，我已经十五岁了，你不需要控制我生命中的每一分钟。

是的，我愿意。那是我的工作。
你的工作就是去学校学习。

现在，分析。

我道歉。

五字思想组。

apol– 中间音节，第三个音节重读。

我道歉。

但是音准很流畅。我们没有跳过。

它舀起来，声音舀起来，然后又降下来。

我道歉。我道歉。

顺利地连在一起。我们在这里有一个元音到元音的链接，带有一个双元音 AI。

我呃 - 直接链接到’道歉’的schwa。

在这样的链接中，当它是一个 AI 双元音链接到另一个以元音或双元音开头的单词时，

你可以考虑用 Y 音来连接它们。
我是的- yapologize，yapologize。

我道歉。它可以帮助消除该链接。

我道歉。

我道歉，好吗？

好的？好的？音调在最后上升。好的。

这是一个是/否的问题。然而，她并不是真的问是或否。

她的语气很严厉，不是吗？我道歉。

这听起来一点也不抱歉。

我道歉，好吗？

我想知道你在哪里。

一句话，一个思想组。那里重读最多的音节是什么？

我想知道你在哪里。

我认为“知道”和“曾经”是那里最重音的词。

每个单词都流畅地连接在一起，“想要”这两个词

连接在一起成为一个单一的缩略词。想。

我想，我想知道。

我想知道你在哪里。

单词之间没有间隙，一切都超级流畅。

我想。 AI 双元音右入W恒音，

schwa of ‘wanna’ uh, uh,右入重读单词知道。我想知道。

我想知道你在哪里。

丹妮丝和我参加了一次集会，听格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆讲话。

然后她的女儿回答了一个长长的想法组。

丹妮丝和我参加了一次集会，听格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆讲话。

你在那里听到的最重音的词是什么？

丹妮丝和我参加了一次集会，听格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆讲话。

去集会听格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆讲话。

所以丹妮丝有点压力，但

还有，一开始她并没有在她的声音中投入太多精力，

丹妮丝，丹妮丝。

丹妮丝和我参加了一个集会——

丹妮丝和我参加了一个集会听格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆讲话。

说话的时间也长了一点。

让我们谈谈她的减少。

你听到这里有减价吗？

减少是删除或更改单词上的声音。

丹妮丝和我参加了一次集会，听格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆讲话。

第一个，就在这里。丹尼斯和我——

丹尼斯和我

——“和”这个词被简化了，它只是一个 N 音，快速 schwa N。丹尼斯和，丹尼斯和，

丹尼斯和我。

我觉得这个词听起来有点像“in”这个词 ' 当它减少时。丹妮丝和我，丹妮丝和

我。它真的很顺利地连接在一起，结尾的 S 音连接到 schwa。

丹妮丝和

我。然后 N 音直接连接到 AI 双元音。

丹妮丝和

我——丹妮丝和我——丹妮丝和我——丹妮丝和我——丹妮丝和我——丹妮丝和我去集会听格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆讲话。

Went to a – Wet to a –

我们这里有两个 T，它们只连接一个真正的 T 音。

所以你不需要在这里做两个T，我们把它们联系在一起。

参加了——参加了——

参加了集会。

去了一个集会。

‘to’这个词，这个词通常减少。

元音几乎总是会变成 schwa，但

在这里，下一个词就是 schwa。

因此，如果我们将 OO 元音更改为 schwa，

那么我们将没有任何东西可以让我们知道我们正在更改音节，

因为它会是完全相同的声音。

因此，为了顺利链接，但让我们知道，

让我们听到作为两个单独的词，

当元音后面跟着一个 schwa 时，我们不会减少元音。

To a– To a– To a– To a–

所以即使它没有强调，那将是“to”，

它仍然简单而快速地说出来。到，到，到。

它没有减少。

去了– 去了– 去了–

去了一个集会。

好的，现在，看。在这里，我们有另一个词’to’，

另一个研究这个词的机会。在这里怎么发音？

去集会听 -

绝对不是：到，到，到。

没有真正的 T，也没有 OO 元音。

它更像是一个襟翼 T，然后元音是 schwa。 Rally

to– 所以当它出现在两个元音之间时，我们使它成为一个拍音 T。

我们通常不会在单词的开头这样做，

但是像今天、明天、两个、一起

这样的单词，我们有时会这样做，让真正的 T 变成一个拍打 T。

Rally to– Rally to– Rally to–

所以我们有两次出现“to”这个词，两次都没有重读，但是一旦它根本没有减少，就

不会改变任何声音，而另一次则减少很多。两种声音都改变了襟翼 T 和 schwa。

Rally

to– Rally to– Rally to hear–

Rally to hear–

‘Hear’，这是一个动词，通常我们的实词是重读的，但在任何句子中，

如果我们有很多名词、动词、形容词或副词等不同的实词，

它们的重读不会相同。

所以在这里，去听听，尽管这两个都是动词，但对我来说，压力比其他人小。

然后是专有名词 Gloria Steinem。

现在，任何时候我们有一个名字，它是名字中的最后一个单词是最强调的。

所以 Gloria– Glor–，那里的重读音节是重读的，但

对我来说，那里的重读音节 Steinem 的重音更大。

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆。

哒哒哒哒哒。斯泰纳姆。

她姓氏的重读音节将是她名字组中重读最多的音节。

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆。

最后再强调一个词，说。

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆发言。

什么？

什么？什么？

她在最后做了一个轻的真 T 释放，

这有点不常见，在思想组的最后做一个停止 T 更常见。什么？

什么？但她做了一个轻松的释放。注意语调上升。什么？

什么？她很惊讶。她不敢相信自己听到的。

让我们在这里谈谈WH辅音。

她如何发音这些声音？

什么？什么？什么？

就像纯W音一样。什么？什么？

我想说，在 W 之前发 hh 音已经过时了。

什么？什么？

用 WH 的话，你可能会听到一些人这样说。

我妈妈就是这样做的，例如，白色的，

但现在更常见的是只发出干净的 W 声音。什么。

不是之前有少量空气 H 逸出的 W 声音。什么？

什么？

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆。

好吧，又是那个名字。

再一次，我们对 Gloria 的重读音节有一点重读，

但对重读音节 Steinem 的重读更多。

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆。

这些词之间没有任何区别，它们流畅地连接在一起，

因为它们是同一个思想组的一部分。

在同一个思想组中，英语中的所有内容都非常流畅地联系在一起。

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆。

她是个作家。

她是个作家。她是个作家。

再次，链接在一起，真的很顺利没有中断，字母A，这里的文章a是schwa。

她是——，所以撇号 S 是 Z 音，它直接连接到 schwa。

schwa 直接连接到下一个单词的开头声音，即

R。W 在这个单词中是无声的。

她是个作家。她是个作家。

那里最重的音节是什么？

她是个作家。

是作家的重读音节。所以我们顺利地上升了，她是一个作家，然后是写作

的高峰——然后音调下降了。她是个作家。

Uuuhh — 真的很流畅，没有跳跃或间距在那里。她是个作家。

注意这里的 T 是一个拍音 T，因为它位于两个元音之间。

所以这不是一个真正的T，而是一个舌瓣。

她是个作家。

她是个作家。她刚刚创办了自己的杂志。

她刚刚创办了自己的杂志。

那里你最强调的词是什么？

她刚刚创办了自己的杂志。

创办了自己的杂志。

star 和 mag 那里重读最多的音节

，其他音节说得很快。她

只是——“刚刚”这个词怎么读？

特别关注结尾簇 ST。

她刚开始——她刚开始——她刚开始——

刚开始——刚开始——她刚开始

——T掉了。

当下一个单词以辅音开头时，这在 ST 簇末尾很常见，

我们倾向于去掉 T。

刚开始。所以这两个词用一个S音连在一起。

她才刚开始。她和刚刚，音调低，平，相比明星。她只是出演——她才刚刚开始。

她才刚开始。她才刚开始。她才刚开始。

这里的 T 开始了，又一次拍打。为什么？

它出现在元音之前的 R 之后，而不是元音之间。没错，

但同样的规则也适用。当一个 T 出现在一个元音之前的一个 R 之后时，它就变成了一个拍音 T。

开始了。开始了。

所以这里的元音是坐元音中的 IH，后跟 D 辅音。

这就是我们如何发音 ED 结尾。开始了。

如果前面的声音是 T 或 D，则 ED 结尾以这种方式发音。开始。开始了。

ED 结尾多出一个音节时总是不重读。

开始 - 泰德，泰德，泰德。

所以它说得更快，音调更平缓，声音中的能量更少。开始了。

她才刚开始。

她才刚开始。她才刚开始。

她刚刚创办了自己的杂志。

她自己的杂志。

所以她和自己，压力较小，平缓一点，在音高和能量上领先于重读音节，mag。

她自己的杂志。

然后平稳地，声音落下。

这就是压力在美式英语中的作用方式。

我们重读了音高最高的音节，以及声音的能量

最高的音节，它总是平滑地连接到那个峰值，然后从那个峰值下降。

她这个词，虽然这是一个常见的减少，但她并没有放弃 H。

开始了她。开始了她自己的。创办了自己的杂志。

你可能会听到。但她没有那样做，即使没有重读，她也会发出轻微的 H 音。

她自己的杂志。

她自己的杂志，她自己的杂志，她自己的杂志。

她在参议院作证。

好吧，她越来越热情了。

她的声音的音调，她的声音的高音越来越高。

她在参议院作证。

然后她妈妈开始说话。

但是她，在，所有的虚词中，对意义的重要性不那么重要，音调更低，速度更快，

比重读词的重读音节更不清晰。

测试，森。

她在参议院作证。

请注意此处以作证结尾的 ED。

它只是一个声音，它是 D 声音。

所以没有多余的音节，它不是元音和辅音，它只是一个辅音。

那是因为之前的声音不是T或D。作证。

所以最后只是一个轻的 D 音，然后连接到下一个单词，IH 作为 in 的 in 元音。

她在参议院作证。

而且很难听到，因为她妈妈开始说话，但这个 T 是停止 T。

她没有释放空气逸出。参议院。

这是空气的突然停止。如果我用真正的 T 这么说，听起来应该是这样的：参议院。

你听到区别了吗？参议院。

但取而代之的是，参议院。

这听起来像是 T 被丢弃了，但它并没有完全被丢弃，因为我们确实停止了空气。

参议院。

它，它，它。而这种突然停止是T.

参议院的一部分。

参议院。

参议院。
是的，我知道 Gloria Steinem 是谁。

是的，我知道格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆是谁。

所以很快是的，然后我知道 Gloria Steinem 是谁，一个有三个重读音节的思想团体。

我知道格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆是谁。

所有这些声音都非常流畅地连接在一起。单词之间没有中断。

我知道格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆是谁。

结尾 M 直接链接到“is”的开头元音 IH。

是，在结尾发出轻弱的 Z 音。是，是，是。

是的，我知道格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆是谁。

如果你受伤了怎么办？

那里有两个重音词。如果你受伤了怎么办？

受伤，压力最大。她做了一个轻微的释放，所以这是一个真正的 T. Hurt。

此处的 T，受伤了，是停顿 T。

当它位于思想组的末尾时，我们将 T 设为停顿 T，例如在参议院中，

或者当它后面跟着一个以辅音开头的单词时。

在这里，它以一个辅音开头，H。

受伤了，受伤了。

所以这里就停了。受伤了。

这表示停止 T。

这里的“什么”中的 T 呢？

如果你受伤了怎么办？

你在那里听到什么？

这是一个襟翼T。如果，如果。

那是因为它出现在两个元音之间。

因此，即使 ‘if’ 中的元音，即 IH 元音，不是同一个词的一部分，

这两个词也连接在一起，因此 T 确实位于两个元音之间，它是一个襟翼 T。

那个襟翼 T 连接了这两个词 .

如果，如果，如果，如果。

如果你受伤了怎么办？

如果你受伤了，或者被捕了怎么办？

被捕，被捕。哒哒哒。

重读中音节。 A - 已解决。

这个词的ED结尾，怎么发音？

这是一个额外的音节。这意味着它是一个元音和一个辅音。 IH元音

和D音，那是因为之前的音是T. Arrested。被捕。

或者，被捕？
妈妈。

或者，被捕？
妈妈，这是集会，不是暴动。

妈妈，这是集会，不是骚乱。

好的，那么我们这里有什么？

我们最重读的音节是什么？

妈妈，有点长。妈妈，这是集会，不是骚乱。

然后重读音节 ral - 和 riot，她还夸大了 R、lary、rrr

当我们通过将辅音伸出一点点来夸大它时，给它更多的时间，

这会增加更多的压力。这是一次集会。

这是集会，不是暴动。

有点难听，她最后的 T 是什么。我认为这是一个真正的 T，

但有点难以听到，因为她妈妈开始说话了。

it’s a– not a–，

这两组不重读的词，音调平缓，

与重读的rally 和riot 相比，它的a– not a- 说得更快。一切都联系在一起。

一切都非常顺利。这是集会，不是暴动。

不是a，与那个襟翼T连接在一起。

这是一场集会，而不是骚乱。

这是集会，不是暴动。

这是一场集会，而不是骚乱。
简，这些事情可能会失控。

简，简。单念组，重音词，上下，简，简。

简，这些事情可能会失控。

一发不可收拾。她说这个词有点不同。

这是她为这部电影开发的口音的一部分，我们会说手，

蝙蝠元音中的 AH 后面跟着 N 时，就像这里一样，在 N 之前有一个像黄油或 schwa 的 UH 声音。

手——

这个是舌头后部放松的地方。但这并不是她的发音方式。

简，这些事情可能会失控。

手，手，手。

所以这不是这个词的标准发音。

手，手，啊，啊，啊，

会比较标准。 “这些”这个词不重读，说得更快。这些东西可以得到——

那么我们就有了“可以”这个词。它不仅没有压力，而且还减少了，声音发生了变化。

而不是啊，是schwa，而且说得真快。能，能，事能，事能得。

这些事情可能会失控。

现在，我们这里有两个 T。这个 T 位于两个元音或双元音之间。

这个 T 位于两个元音或双元音之间，所以它们都应该是拍音 T。

让我们听听她是如何做到的。

可以一发不可收拾。

他们都是Flap Ts。

出去，出去。

“of”这个词被简化为 schwa。这很常见，尤其是“out”。

出，出，出。失控，失控。

一发不可收拾。

好吧，我已经十五岁了，你不需要控制我生命中的每一分钟。

然后我们在这里有一个很长的思考小组，它继续到下一张幻灯片。

让我们听这第一部分，听听重读音节。

好吧，我十五岁——

好吧，好吧我十五岁——

所以她的音调更高，她的语速更快，在这里表现出情感，但我还是听到了几个音节，

几个词有点重。

好吧，我已经十五岁了——

十五岁，长一点，压力大一点。

这里的 T 是真正的 T，因为它以重读音节开头。十五。

这与“五十”这个词不同，它是重读的第一个音节。五十。

然后我们通常把那个 T 变成一个襟翼 T，即使它不遵守规则。

五十，但 1-5，十五，有一个真正的 T，重音在第二个音节上。

好吧，我已经十五岁了——

注意一切都非常顺利地连接在一起，复数 S 在 years 中发音为 Z

，它连接到下一个单词。佐德，佐德。岁，岁。

好吧，我已经十五岁了——

好吧，我已经十五岁了，你不需要控制我生命中的每一分钟。

你不需要控制我生命中的每一分钟。

好吧，不要，她强调这一点，她用双臂做一个手势来增加压力。

你不需要控制我生命中的每一分钟。

好的，所以这些是我们最重读的音节。这里还发生了什么？

首先，我注意到“和”这个词的减少。

and,and,and,and,and,说得真快。还有你，还有你，还有你。

你不需要

– 你不需要

– 你不需要–

现在我们有一个强调词，不要。通常当一个单词被重读时，

我们不会改变任何关于发音的东西。我们不减少它。

但是T会发生什么？让我们听听。

你不需要

– 你不需要

– 你不需要–

你不需要，你不需要。

就是彻底掉了这是我们发音 N 撇号 T 收缩的一种方式。

它有几种不同的发音方式，这是其中之一。

T 完全掉线，N in 不直接链接到 N in Need。不需要，你不需要。

你不需要

– 你不需要

– 你不需要–

需要– 需要– 需要–

现在，这里，再一次，它是一个襟翼。这不是真正的 T 音。它更像是一个

D。我们可以将它与之前的单词联系起来，需要–需要–。

所以这就像之前她将“to”这个词简化为拍打和施瓦一样。

她又在做。需要——需要——需要——

而且你不需要控制——

你不需要控制——

而且你不需要控制——

控制，重读第二个音节， TR 簇通常发音为 CHR

，我确实将其轻微地听到为 CH，而不是 T 音。控制，控制。

控制，控制，控制我生命中的每一分钟。

我生命中的一分钟。我生命中的每一分钟。
我生命中的每一分钟。

同样，音高变化总是非常平滑。

每一分钟——那是我生命中每分钟的高峰。

它下降，然后备份，分钟，与一个襟翼连接在一起。分钟我的生活。

现在，在这里，V 音没有被丢弃。轻描淡写地说。

我生命中的一分钟。

我生命中的每一分钟。

我生命中的每一分钟。
是的，我愿意。那是我的工作。

是的，我愿意。那是我的工作。

这里压力很大。是的，我愿意。那是我的工作。

这些句子中的每一个都有两个高峰。是的，我愿意。

嗯。但是音高变化很流畅，很联系在一起，那句话：是的，我愿意。那是我的工作。

这两个词用一个flap T连在一起。就是，就是，就是。那是我的工作。

是的，我愿意。那是我的工作。

是的，我愿意。那是我的工作。
你的工作就是去学校学习。

你的工作就是去学校学习。

这些是那里压力最大的词。减持是怎么回事？

你的工作就是去学校学习。

还有你的工作，和，和，和，和。

所以“和”这个词又减少了。我可能会说元音没有减少，而

不是 un, un, un, un。在这里，它是：还有你，还有你，还有你。

但这里是：和，和，和，你的，你的，你的。

还有你的工作 -

还有你的工作 - 还有你的工作 -

所以即使她强调“你的”这个词，她正在减少它，她不是在说：

你的，她在说：是的，哟。

这就是 Y 音、schwa 和 R。

所以她减少了声音，但音调和重音在那里。是的——向上向下，这是一个高峰。

还有你的工作，你的工作。

你的工作—— 你的工作—— 你的工作就是上学。

是去上学。

有趣的是，好吧，首先我们在“is”中有 Z 音。伊兹，伊兹。然后我在这里将其作为真正的 T 和 OO 元音，

而不是简化：to、to、to。

我不太确定她为什么这样做，这可能是她在这段时期发展的口音的一部分。

到，到，到。你的工作是去——

但是第二个词’去，完全减少了。襟翼 T 和 schwa。

去，去，去，去上学。

是去上学。

就是去学校学习。

并学习。并学习。并学习。

我会把它写成 schwa N，那个减少，它肯定不是 and。

并学习。并学习。并学习。

所以正如你在这个对话中看到的那样，美式英语有很多不同的减少方式。

T 的发音因上下文而异。

ED结尾，发音并不总是你想的那样，就像’don’t’中的N撇号T，为什么那个T被丢弃了？

所以你越像这样学英语，越注意美国人的说话方式

，你就越容易理解他们，

当你知道发生的细节时，你就越容易模仿他们 .

当你能够真正模仿时，你会开始

说美式英语时听起来更自然。

因为美国人在发音方面所做的很多事情可能与你在学校学到的不同。

让我们再听一遍整个对话。

我道歉，好吗？

我想知道你在哪里。

丹妮丝和我参加了一次集会，听格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆讲话。

什么？

格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆。她是个作家。她刚刚创办了自己的杂志。

她在参议院作证。
是的，我知道 Gloria Steinem 是谁。

如果您受伤或被捕怎么办？
妈妈，这是集会，不是暴动。

简，这些事情可能会失控。

好吧，我已经十五岁了，你不需要控制

我生命中的每一分钟。
是的，我愿意。那是我的工作。

你的工作就是去学校学习。

我们将一起进行更多此类分析。

您希望看到这样分析的哪些电影场景？

在评论中告诉我。

如果你想看我制作的所有本·富兰克林的视频，这里是播放列表。

您还可以在视频说明中找到链接。

就是这样，非常感谢您使用 Rachel 的英语。