president and gentlemen ladies of the

house i standing here with eight minutes

in my hands and at this venerable

another magnificent institution i was

going to assure you that i belong to the

henry the eighth school of public

speaking that as henry the eighth said

to his wives i shall not keep you long

but now finding myself but now finding

myself the seventh speaker out of eight

in what must already seem a rather long

evening to you i rather feel like Henry

the eighth's last wife I'm more or less

know what's expected of me but I'm not

sure how to do it any differently you

know perhaps what I should do is really

try and pay attention to the arguments

that were advanced by the opposition

today we had for example Sir Richard

awfully suggesting May challenging the

very idea that it could be argued that

the economic situation of the colonies

was actually worsened by the experience

of British colonialism when I stand to

offer you the Indian example Sir Richard

India share of the world economy when

Britain arrived on its shores was 23% by

the time the British left it was down to

below four percent why simply because

India had been governed for the benefit

of Britain in Britain's rise for 200

years was financed by its depredations

in India in fact Britain's Industrial

Revolution was actually premise upon the

deindustrialization of India the

handloom Weaver's for example famed

across the world whose products were

exported around the world Britain came

right in there were actually these

Weaver's making fine muslin lightest

woven air it was said and Britain came

right in smashed their thumbs broke

their looms in post tariffs and duties

on their cloth and products and started

of course taking the raw materials from

India and shipping back manufactured

cloth flooding the world's markets with

what became the products of the dark and

satanic Mills of Victorian England that

meant that the rivers in India became

beggars and India went from being a

world-famous

exporter of finished cloth into an

importer went from having 27% of world

trade

• • less than 2% meanwhile colonialists

like robert clive bought their rotten

boroughs in england on the proceeds of

their loot in india while taking the

Hindi word loot into their dictionaries

as well as their habits and the British

had the gall to call him Clive of India

as if he belonged to the country when

all he really did was to ensure that

much of the country belonged to him by

the end of the 19th century the fact is

that India was already Britain's biggest

cash cow the world's biggest purchaser

of British goods and exports and the

source of highly paid employment for

British civil servants we literally paid

for our own oppression and as has been

pointed out the wealthy Victorian

British families that made their money

out of out of the slave economy

one-fifth of the of the elites of the

wealthy class in Britain in the 19th

century owed their money to transporting

three million Africans across the waters

and in fact in 1833 when slavery was

abolished what happened was that a

compensation of 20 million pounds was

paid not as reparations to those who had

lost their lives or who had suffered or

been oppressed by slavery but to those

who had lost their property I was struck

by the fact that the or Wi-Fi password

at this Union commemorates the name of

mr. Gladstone the great liberal hero

what I'm sorry his family was one of

those who benefited from the

understanding

staying with India between 15 and 29

million Indians died of starvation in

British induced famines the most famous

example of course was the Great Bengal

famine during the Second World War when

four million people died because Winston

Churchill deliberately as a matter of

written militant policy proceeded to

divert essential supplies from civilians

in Bengal to steady tummies and

Europeans as reserves stockpiles he said

that the starvation of anyway underfoot

underfed Bengalis mattered much less

than that of sturdy Greeks this is

Churchill's actual quote and when

conscious stricken British officials

wrote to him pointing out that people

were dying because of this decision he

previously wrote in the margins of the

file

why hasn't Gandhi died yet so all

notions and the British were trying to

do their colonial Enterprise out of

enlightened despotism to try and bring

the benefits of colonialism and

civilization to the midnight it even I'm

sorry Churchill's conduct in 43 simply

one example of many that gave a lie to

this myth as others have said on the

proposition violence and racism were the

reality of the colonial experience and

no wonder there the Sun never set on the

British Empire because even God couldn't

trust the English in the dark

let me take world world 1 as a very

concrete example since the first speaker

mr. Lee suggested these things couldn't

be quantified

well let me quantify world war 1 for you

again I'm sorry from an Indian

perspective others have spoken of other

countries one-sixth of all the British

forces that fought on the war were

Indian 54,000 Indians actually lost

their lives in that war 65,000 were

wounded another 4,000 remained missing

or in prison

Indian taxpayers had to cough up a

hundred million pounds in that times

money India supplied 70 million rounds

of ammunition 600 thousand rifles and

machine guns 42 million garments were

stitched and sent out of India and 1.3

million Indian personnel served in this

war I know all this because of course

the the commemoration of the centenary

has just taken place but not just that

India had to supply a hundred and

seventy three seventy three thousand

animals three hundred and seventy

million tons of supplies and in the end

the total value of everything that was

taken out of India India and India by

the way suffering from recession at that

time and poverty and hunger was in

today's money eight billion pounds in

one quantification it's available second

world war it was even worse two and a

half million Indians in uniform I won't

belabor the point but of Britain's total

war debt of three billion pounds in 1945

money 1.25 billion was owed to India and

never actually paid somebody mentioned

Scotland where a fact is that

colonialism actually cemented your union

with Scotland

you know the Scots had actually tried to

send colonies out before 1707 they'd all

failed I'm sorry to say but then of

course came Union and India was

available and there you had a

disproportionate employment of Scots

I'm sorry mr. Mackenzie has to speak

after me engaged in this colonial

enterprise as soldiers as merchants as

agencies employees and the earnings from

India is what brought prosperity to

Scotland even pulled

Paul Scotland out of poverty now that

India is no longer there

no wonder the bonds are loosening now

we've heard other arguments on this side

there's been a mention of the railways

well let me tell you first of all as my

colleague the Jamaican High

Commissioners pointed out railways and

roads were really built to serve British

interests and not those of the local

people but I might add that many

countries have built railways and roads

without having had to be colonized in

order to do so they they were designed

to carry raw materials from the

hinterland into the ports to be shipped

to Britain and the fact is that the

Indian or Jamaican or other colonial

public their needs were incidental

transportation there was no attempt made

to match supply to demand for mass

transport none whatsoever

instead in fact the Indian Railways were

built with massive incentives offered by

Britain to British investors guaranteed

out of Indian taxes paid by Indians with

the result that you actually had one

mile of Indian Railway costing twice

what it cost to build the same mile in

Canada or Australia because there was so

much money being paid and extravagant

returns Britain made all the profits

control the technology supplied all the

equipment and absolutely all these

benefits came as private enterprise

British private enterprise at public

risk Indian public risk that was the the

railways as an accomplishment we're

hearing about aid I think it was it was

it was again sir richard ottaway

mentioned british aid to india let me

just point out the British aid to India

is about 0.4% of India's GDP the

government of India actually spends more

on fertilizer subsidies which might be

an appropriate metaphor for that

argument if I may point out as well

if I may point out as well that that as

my fellow speakers from the proposition

that pointed out there have been

incidents of racial violence of loot of

massacres of bloodshed of transportation

in India's case even of one of our last

Mughal emperor yes maybe today's Britons

are not responsible for some of these

depredations but the same speakers

appointed with pride to their foreign

aid you're not responsible for the

people starving in Somalia but we give

them aid surely the principle of

reparations for what is for the wrongs

that have been done cannot be denied

it's been pointed out for example the

dehumanization of Africans and the

Caribbean the massive psychological

damage that has been done the

undermining of social traditions of

property rights of the authority

structures of these societies all in the

interests of a British colonialism and

the fact remains that many of today's

problems in these countries including

the persistence in some cases the

creation of racial and ethnic and

religious tensions were the direct

result of the colonial experience so

there is a moral debt that needs to be

paid someone challenged reparations

elsewhere well I'm sorry Germany doesn't

just give reparations to Israel it also

gave reparations to Poland perhaps some

of the speakers here are too young to

remember the dramatic picture of

Chancellor Willy Brandt on his knees in

the Warsaw Ghetto

in 1970 and there are other examples

there is italy's reparations to libya

there's Japan's to Korea even Britain

has paid reparations to the New Zealand

Maori z-- so it's not as if this is

something unprecedented unheard-of

that's going to somehow open some sort

of nasty Pandora's box

no wonder professor Lewis reminded us

that he's from Texas there's a wonderful

expression in Texas that summarizes the

arguments of the opposition all hat and

no cattle now

if I can just quickly look through the

other notes I was scribbling while they

were speaking there was reference to

democracy and rule of law let me say

with the greatest possible respect you

can it's a bit rich to oppress enslave

kill torture maim people for 200 years

and then celebrate the fact that their

democratic at the end of it we

we were denied democracy so we had to

snatch it seized it from you with the

greatest of reluctance it was conceded

in india's case after 150 years of

British rule and that - with limited

franchise yes indeed all right I don't

think that needs needs contradiction not

for me at any rate but bear in mind if I

may just if I may just point out I think

the arguments made by a couple of the

speakers the first speaker mr. Lee in

particular conceded all the evil

atrocities of colonialism but

essentially suggested that reparations

won't really help they won't help the

right people they be used as a

propaganda tool

they'll embolden people like Mr Mugabe

it's always nice how in the old days you

know I'm sorry to say that the the

people of the Caribbean used to frighten

their children into behaving and

sleeping by saying Sir Francis Drake

would come after them that was a legacy

now its Mugabe will be necessary this is

the the new sort of Sir Francis Drake of

our times the fact is the fact is very

simply sir that we are not talking about

reparations as a tool to empower anybody

they're a tool for you to atone for the

wrongs that have been done and I

I am quite prepared to accept the

proposition that you can't evaluate but

I put a monetary sum on the kinds of

Horrors people have suffered certainly

no amount of money can expiate the loss

of a loved one as somebody pointed out

there you're not going to be able to

figure out an exact amount but the

principle is what matters the fact is

that to speak blithely

of sacrifices on both sides as analogy

was used here a burglar comes into your

house ransacked the place stubs his toe

and you say about he there was a

sacrifice on both sides that I'm sorry

to say is not unacceptable is not an

acceptable argument the truth is that we

are not arguing specifically that vast

sums of money need to be paid the

proposition before this house is the

principle of owing reparations not the

fine points of how much is owed to home

which should be paid the question is is

there a debt does Britain all

reparations as far as I'm concerned the

ability to acknowledge the wrong that

has been done to simply say sorry will

go a far far far longer way than some

percentage of GDP in in inform in the

form of of aid what is required it seems

to me is accepting the principle that

reparations are owed personally I'd be

quite happy if it was one pound a year

for the next 200 years after the last

200 years of Britain and India thank you

very much madam president

{{}}

总统先生，女士们，

我站在这里，手里拿着八分钟

，在这个令人尊敬的

另一个宏伟机构，

我要向你们保证，我属于

亨利八世公共

演讲学校，正如亨利八世

对他的妻子们所说的那样 我不会让你久留，

但现在发现自己，但现在发现

自己是八个人中的第七个发言者，

在你看来已经相当漫长的

晚上我宁愿觉得

亨利八世的最后一位妻子我或多或少

知道人们对我的期望 我，但我

不知道该怎么做

可以说，英国殖民主义

的经历实际上使殖民地的经济状况恶化了，

当我愿意

为你提供印度的例子时，理查德·

印度爵士 当英国抵达其海岸时，它在世界经济中的份额

为 23%，

到英国离开时已

降至 4% 以下

在印度，事实上，英国的工业

革命实际上

是以印度去工业化为前提

的，例如举世闻名的手摇织布机 Weaver's，

其产品

出口到世界各地

英国

在关税和关税后对他们的布料和产品征收关税后，他们的大拇指被砸坏了

，当然开始从印度拿走原材料

并将

制成的布料运回世界市场，

这些布料成了黑暗和

撒旦磨坊的产品 维多利亚时代的英格兰，这

意味着印度的河流变成了

乞丐，而印度我们 nt 从

世界著名

的成品布出口商转变为

进口商，从拥有 27% 的世界

贸易

• 不到 2% 同时

像罗伯特克莱夫这样的殖民主义者

用他们在印度的战利品收入购买了他们在英国腐烂的自治市镇，

同时拿走了

印地语单词掠夺了他们的字典

以及他们的习惯，而

英国人竟敢称他为印度的克莱夫，

就好像他属于这个国家一样，

而他真正所做的只是

确保该国的大部分地区

在年底前属于他 19 世纪的事实是

，印度已经是英国最大的

摇钱树，是世界上最大

的英国商品和出口购买国，

也是英国公务员高薪就业的来源，

我们实际上是

为自己的压迫付出了代价，正如

维多利亚时代富有的人所指出的那样

在 19 世纪英国富裕阶层的精英中，有五分之一是从奴隶经济中赚钱的英国家庭

欠他们的钱。 运送

300 万非洲人渡海

，事实上在 1833 年废除奴隶制时

，发生的事情

是 2000 万英镑的赔偿金

不是作为对那些

失去生命或遭受或

遭受奴隶制压迫的人的赔偿，而是 对于

那些失去财产的人，我

对这个联盟的 Wi-Fi 密码或 Wi-Fi

密码纪念先生的名字感到震惊

。 格莱斯顿是伟大的自由主义英雄

，我很抱歉，他的家人是

从理解中受益的人之一

留在印度 15 到 2900

万印度人在

英国引发的饥荒中死于饥饿，最著名的

例子当然是孟加拉大

饥荒。 第二次世界大战时，

有 400 万人死亡，因为温斯顿·

丘吉尔根据

书面的激进政策，故意

将孟加拉平民的基本物资转移

到稳定的肚子和

欧洲人作为储备库，他

说无论如何，脚下的

孟加拉人的饥饿并不

重要 坚定的希腊人这是

丘吉尔的真实报价，当

清醒的英国官员

写信给他时，他指出人们

正在因为这个决定而死亡，他

之前在文件的边缘写道，

为什么甘地还没有死，所以所有的

观念和英国人 正试图

出于开明的专制主义去做他们的殖民事业

o 尝试将

殖民主义和文明的好处

带到午夜，即使我很

抱歉丘吉尔在 43 年的行为只是

许多人对这一神话撒谎的一个例子，

正如其他人所说的那样，

暴力和种族主义是

现实 殖民经验，

难怪太阳从来没有落在大

英帝国上，因为即使是上帝也不能

相信黑暗中的英国人，

让我以世界 1 作为一个非常

具体的例子，因为第一位发言人

先生。 李建议这些东西不能很好

地

量化让我再次为你量化第一次世界大战

我很抱歉从印度的

角度来看其他人已经谈到其他

国家参加战争的所有英国军队的六分之一是

印度人 54,000 名印度人 实际上

在那场战争中丧生 65,000 人

受伤 另有 4,000 人失踪

或入狱

印度纳税人当时不得不支付 1

亿英镑

印度提供了 7000 万

发弹药 60 万支步枪和

机关枪 4200 万件衣服被

缝合 派出印度，130

万印度人员在这场

战争中服役 我知道这一切，

当然是因为百年纪念

活动才刚刚举行，而不仅仅是

印度必须提供一百

七十三七万三千

只动物三百 七千

万吨的物资，最后

是从印度带走的所有东西的总价值

印度和

印度顺便说一句 当时饱受经济衰退之苦

，贫困和饥饿以

今天的货币量化为 80 亿英镑，

它可以用于

第二次世界大战，更糟糕的是，有

250 万身着制服的

印度人 1945 年的 30 亿英镑中，有

12.5 亿是欠印度的，而且

从未真正付过

钱 我很遗憾地说，但随后

当然来了联盟和印度，在

那里你有

不成比例的苏格兰人就业，

对不起先生。 Mackenzie 必须

在我

以士兵身份作为商人作为

机构雇员从事这家殖民企业之后发言，而印度的收入

为苏格兰带来繁荣

甚至使

保罗苏格兰摆脱贫困，因为

印度不再存在，

难怪现在债券正在松动

我们听到了这方面的其他论点

有提到铁路

好吧，首先让我告诉你，因为我的

同事牙买加高级

专员指出，铁路和

公路的建造确实是为了英国的

利益，而不是当地

人民的利益 但我可以补充一点，许多

国家已经建造了铁路和公路，

而不必为了这样做而进行殖民化，

它们的目的

是将原材料从

腹地运送到港口

运往英国，而事实是

印度人或 牙买加人或其他殖民地

公众，他们的需求是附带

交通，没有尝试

使大众

运输的供需相匹配 rt 没有任何

相反实际上印度铁路是

在

英国向英国投资者

提供的

巨大

激励措施下建造的 在

加拿大或澳大利亚，因为

支付了如此多的钱和奢侈的

回报 英国控制了所有利润

，技术提供了所有

设备，并且绝对所有这些

好处都来自私营企业

英国私营企业面临公共

风险 印度公共风险，即

铁路 作为我们

听到的关于援助的一项成就，我认为是

理查德·奥塔威爵士再次

提到英国对印度的援助让

我指出英国对印度的援助

约占印度 GDP 的 0.4%

印度政府实际上花费更多

关于化肥补贴，如果我也可以指出，这可能

是该论点的恰当隐喻

还可以指出，正如

我的其他发言者

所指出的那样，

在印度的情况下，甚至在我们最后一位莫卧儿皇帝的案件中，也发生过种族暴力、抢劫、屠杀、流血屠杀等事件，

是的，也许今天的

英国人不负责任 对于其中一些

掠夺，但同样

为他们的外援感到自豪的演讲者，

你不必为

在索马里挨饿的人们负责，但我们

肯定会给予他们援助

不能否认对所犯错误进行赔偿的原则

有人指出，例如

，非洲人和加勒比地区的非人性

化 已经造成的巨大心理伤害

破坏

了这些社会的权威结构的财产权社会传统，这一切都是为了

英国殖民主义的利益，

而事实仍然是，许多 这些国家今天的

问题，包括

在某些情况下

持续存在 种族、民族和

宗教紧张局势

是殖民经历的直接结果，

因此需要偿还道德债务

有人对

其他地方的赔偿提出质疑 我很抱歉德国

不仅向以色列提供赔偿，它还

向波兰提供赔偿

这里的一些演讲者太年轻，不

记得 1970 年

威利·勃兰特总理

在华沙隔都跪下的戏剧性画面

，还有其他例子

，意大利对利比亚的赔偿，

日本对韩国的

赔偿，甚至英国对新西兰的赔偿

毛利人 z--所以这

并不是前所未有的闻所未闻的事情-

它会以某种方式打开

某种令人讨厌的潘多拉魔盒

难怪刘易斯教授提醒

我们他来自德克萨斯州有一个很棒的

表达在德克萨斯州总结

了反对派的论点

如果我能快速浏览一下

我在他们说话时乱写的其他音符，那么现在所有的帽子和没有牛

之前提到了

民主和法治，让我

以最大的尊重说，

压迫奴役

杀害酷刑残害人民 200 年

，然后庆祝他们的

民主最终

我们被拒绝，这有点富有 民主，所以我们不得不以

最不情愿的方式从你手中夺走它

在英国统治 150 年后，它在印度的情况下被

承认了 -

特许经营权有限 是的，确实可以 我不

认为需要矛盾，而

不是我 无论如何，但请记住，

如果我可以指出的话，我认为

几位发言者的论点

是第一位发言者先生。 李

特别承认

了殖民主义的所有邪恶暴行，但

基本上表明赔偿

不会真正帮助他们不会帮助

正确的人他们被用作

宣传工具

他们会让像穆加贝先生

这样的人壮胆它总是很好在旧 你

知道的日子我很遗憾地说

加勒比人民过去常常说弗朗西斯德雷克爵士会追随他们来吓唬

他们的孩子表现和

睡觉，

这是一个遗产，

现在它的穆加贝将是必要的，这

是新的类型 我们这个时代的弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士（Sir Francis Drake），

事实很

简单，先生，我们并不是在谈论将

赔偿作为赋予任何人权力的工具，

它们是您为已经犯下的错误赎罪的工具

，我已经做好

充分准备 接受

你无法评估的命题，但

我对人们所遭受的恐怖种类进行了一笔金额的计算，

当然，正如有人指出的那样，再多的钱也无法弥补失去亲人的损失

哟 您无法

计算出确切的金额，但

原则是重要的事实是

，

就像

这里使用的

类比一样，愉快地谈论双方的

牺牲 你说他

双方都有牺牲 我很遗憾

地说这不是不可接受的 不是一个

可以接受的论点 事实是我们

并没有特别争论

需要支付巨额资金

在这所房子之前的提议

欠赔偿的原则，而不是应该支付

多少欠家庭

的罚款问题是

有债务

就我而言，英国是否有

能力承认已经犯下的错误

说抱歉将

远远超过

GDP 的某个百分比以

援助的形式告知所需要的东西

在我看来是接受

赔偿是个人所欠的原则我会

很高兴 y 如果在英国和印度

的最后 200 年之后的未来 200 年是每年一磅

，

非常感谢主席女士