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there are a lot of people working to
learn another language
but there are also a lot of people who
grew up speaking two or more languages
without even thinking about it
if you're able to speak two languages
you're bilingual
if you can speak more you're
multilingual in many countries being
bilingual or multilingual is normal or
even expected
but in some countries people grow up
speaking and learning one language
if you speak one language you're
monolingual so
what can monolinguals learn from
bilinguals or multilinguals
this video will look at what it's like
to be comfortable in two or more
languages
here are six pieces of information
relating to bilingualism and
multilingualism that you can use in your
language learning
first bilingualism and the brain
how does being bilingual or multilingual
affect the brain do you dream in both
languages
do you see subtitles in your head for
the other language as somebody's talking
the answers to questions like these are
different for everyone
some people may dream mostly in the
language they're most comfortable with
and occasionally in another language
some people may be able to effortlessly
move between the languages they know
while others may get stuck from time to
time these are all normal parts of
knowing more than one language
people who were exposed to another
language since birth may
have certain advantages in language
acquisition over monolinguals
they may already be familiar with
certain sounds and sound combinations
that monolinguals are not familiar with
as a language learner you're probably
quite familiar with this
if you've already mastered a language
and have decided to start learning a new
one
you're probably going to unconsciously
make connections to words in different
languages
you'll think to yourself this word has
the same vowel sound as another word i
know
so it should sound pretty similar when
it comes to studying things like new
vocabulary words and grammar however
monolinguals bilinguals and
multilinguals all need to spend time
learning
and memorizing so in your own learning
don't be discouraged by people who speak
your native language and your target
language
they may have had a totally different
learning experience than you
consider your language studies not
language abilities
second language mistakes and confusion
you may be wondering if bilinguals ever
confuse languages in their heads
generally people who are fluent in
multiple languages can separate the
languages mentally
however there are situations where
people momentarily forget words even in
our native languages
or we think of a word in one language
but not in another
in some cases we might even want to use
a word that exists in one language but
not in the other
an interesting concept from academic
literature on this topic is perfect
bilingualism
it's the idea that someone can speak two
languages perfectly
at an equally high level many people
assume that someone who grew up speaking
two languages would be able to use both
of them perfectly and sound flawless
but this is generally not true bilingual
people are often more comfortable
talking about certain topics in specific
languages
there are also situations where
bilingual people may pronounce words
with a slightly different accent than
monolingual people
interestingly enough there's also a
similar pattern among bilingual couples
bilingual couples usually have a single
dominant language
even if they can speak another language
with fluency and ease
people will usually use the language
that's most efficient and comfortable
third bilingual societies
can you imagine a place where you talk
to your family in one language
your neighbors in another your boss and
a third and write letters and a fourth
this might sound like a dream for many
language enthusiasts but in some
societies it's normal
this type of multilingual society occurs
on border regions all throughout the
world
in northern iraq for instance people
usually speak kurdish
turkish and iraqi arabic and many of
them use modern standard arabic and
english at school
in some parts of china people might
learn english at school
speak their city's dialect of mandarin
when out shopping speak standard
mandarin at work and perhaps even speak
another
language when at home with their
families some of these people might even
say they're bad at languages
when people say this it's often because
they grew up using these languages
not learning them in school when they
were using a language at a friend's
house and got their pronunciation
corrected there was no anxiety involved
this kind of learning is different than
learning in a school setting where tests
in classrooms can cause pressure and
discomfort
media exposure plays a huge role too
many people around the world are
functionally bilingual in english thanks
to tv and youtube
sometimes parents even in societies
where people speak several languages
will put on educational english videos
for kids to watch
but what's even more fun is something
that's enjoyable for the kids that's
already in english
you can do this too as an adult language
learner there's a time and a place for
coursework
but if you're able to shut off the
learning part of your brain and simply
absorb content you're interested in
you'll be surprised at what you can pick
up after a couple of months
fourth heritage languages
[Music]
you might know someone from an immigrant
family who speaks a different language
at home than they do with everybody else
that language is referred to
academically as a heritage language
basically a language that someone
learned at home without using it very
much anywhere else
you can imagine that such an arrangement
would produce huge variation in language
ability
some people have heritage languages that
they learn from visiting their
grandparents once a week
others learn through rigorous
homeschooling routines enforced by their
parents
heritage learners often have some marked
differences in their speech
compared to speakers who grew up in a
monolingual environment
they might have an accent that's
affected by the dominant language they
grew up with
or they might feel uncomfortable using
some grammar or vocabulary
that they're not as familiar with but on
the other hand they might be able to
smoothly use things like tone
grammatical gender and other aspects of
language that are extremely difficult
for learners to master
their listening comprehension is also
likely good
another big difference is in reading and
writing you probably don't remember
but reading and writing took time to
learn
it may be difficult to motivate yourself
or a child to learn to read or write in
a new language
especially if that language has a
different and complicated script
we may be tempted to rely on the reading
and writing skills we already have
instead of learning something new if you
have a heritage language
and you're working on reactivating it be
kind to yourself
maybe you feel like you should know how
to read or write in your heritage
language but you don't
and that's okay you can work on building
those skills as any other language
learner would
a great way to build literacy is to read
text with audio that you can listen to
at the same time
you can use the lesson notes from our
language learning program or
watch videos with subtitles this is easy
to do from the comfort of your home
fifth gaining fluency in a second
language
there's a lot of divided discussion
about whether it's possible to learn a
language to a native level
it's important to consider what native
level means
maybe a native speaker of your target
language can talk about their work
flawlessly
but they can't speak in depth about a
topic beyond their field
you don't expect yourself to be able to
talk about absolutely
everything with 100 perfection in your
native language
so don't expect that you'll magically be
able to communicate perfectly in the
language you're learning
either moreover it's important to
remember that nobody speaks flawlessly
all the time
we all make mistakes and we know how to
correct ourselves and clarify
information
the best speakers in the world make
mistakes even on stage
everybody stumbled over their words
before does that mean they're not fluent
in their
own language of course not you can do
some amazing things to get a native-like
accent in a foreign language
but they all take a great deal of work
lots of people convince
others that they're native speakers for
the first few minutes of conversation
does it really matter if you end up
making mistakes after 40 seconds
40 minutes remember the perfect speech
is not required to speak like a native
as we've talked about in this video lots
of bilingual and multilingual people
have strengths and weaknesses too
- can a bilingual person forget a
language
language skills can deteriorate over
time if they're not used
if you're very busy with one language
and rarely use the other you might see a
drop in your abilities in a language you
don't use as often
completely forgetting a language takes a
very long time though
while you might forget a word here and
there in one language you likely won't
lose a language completely
unless you don't use it for decades this
is something to think about for anyone
who is considering spending their life
in another country
make sure to keep your language skills
up otherwise as time goes on
things may be harder and harder to
remember being bilingual
or multilingual is pretty interesting a
lot of language learners compare
themselves to bilinguals or
multilinguals
remember that bilingual and multilingual
people put in work too
when they were kids so don't feel
discouraged if it seems like your own
learning is slow
it simply takes time and that's true for
everyone
for even more tips and information
related to language learning
check out our complete language learning
program sign up for your free lifetime
account by clicking on the link in the
description
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speaking in your target language
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想从第一节课开始说真正的英语
在englishclass101.com 注册您的免费终身帐户
有很多人努力
学习另一种语言，
但也有很多人
从小就说两种或多种语言
，甚至没有思考 关于它
如果你能说两种语言
你会说双语
如果你能说更多 你会说
多种语言 在许多国家会说
双语或多种语言是正常的，
甚至是预期的，
但是在某些国家，如果你长大了，人们会
说和学习一种语言
说一种语言 你是
单语者
那么单语者可以从双语者或多语者身上学到
什么 这个视频将看看
在两种或多种语言中感到自在的感觉
这里有六条
与双语和
多语相关的信息，你可以在你的
语言中使用
首先学习双语和
大脑 双语或多语
对大脑有何影响 你梦想两种
语言
吗
当有人在说话时，你会在脑海中看到另一种语言的字幕
此类问题的答案因人而异
有些人可能主要用
他们最熟悉的语言做梦
，偶尔用另一种语言做梦
有些人可能会毫不费力地
移动 在他们所知道的语言之间，
而其他人可能会时不时地陷入困境
这些都是
了解一种以上语言的正常部分 从出生
就接触过另一种
语言的人可能
在语言
习得方面比
他们可能已经熟悉的单语者有
一定的优势
单语者不熟悉的声音和声音组合
作为语言学习者
，
如果您已经掌握一门语言
并决定开始学习一门新语言，您可能对此非常熟悉，
您可能会无意识
地与单词建立联系 在不同的
语言中，
你会认为这个词
和 anoth 有相同的元音 呃我知道的单词，
所以
在学习新
词汇和语法之类的东西时听起来应该很相似，但是
单语双语和
多语言都需要花时间
学习
和记忆，所以在你自己的学习中
不要被说你的人气馁
母语和目标
语言
他们的
学习经历可能与您
认为的语言学习而不是
语言能力完全不同
第二语言错误和困惑
您可能想知道双语者是否曾经
在头脑中混淆语言
通常流利使用
多种语言的人可以 在精神上将语言分开，
但是在某些情况下，
即使在我们的母语中，人们也会暂时忘记单词，
或者我们会想到一种语言中的单词，
但
在某些情况下我们甚至可能想要使用
存在于一种语言中但不存在于其他语言中的单词
学术
文献中关于这个主题的另一个有趣的概念是 perf ect
bilingualism
这是指某人可以
在同等水平上完美地讲两种语言的想法许多
人认为，从小会说
两种语言的人能够完美地使用这两种语言
并且听起来完美无瑕，
但这通常不是真正的双语
人经常
用特定语言谈论某些话题会更自在
还有一些情况，
双语者的发音可能
与单语者的口音略有不同
另一种
语言流利和轻松
人们通常会
使用最有效和最舒适的语言
第三双语社会
你能想象一个
你用一种语言和你的家人交谈的地方
你的邻居用另一种语言 你的老板
和第三种语言 写信和第四种
语言 对许多人来说听起来像是一个梦想
语言爱好者，但在某些
社会中，
这种类型的多语言社会发生
在伊拉克北部世界各地的边境地区是很正常的
，例如人们
通常说库尔德
土耳其语和伊拉克阿拉伯语，其中许多
人在学校的某些地方使用现代标准的阿拉伯语和
英语
中国人可能会
在学校学习英语，
外出购物时说他们所在城市的
普通话，工作时说标准普通话，甚至在家里和家人在一起时可能会说
另一种
语言
这通常是因为
他们是使用这些语言长大的，
而不是在学校学习它们，而当他们
在朋友家使用一种语言
并纠正了他们的发音
时，没有涉及焦虑
这种学习与在教室
里考试的学校环境中学习不同
会造成压力和
不适
媒体曝光起着巨大的作用
太多人 多亏了电视和 youtube，世界各地的 le 在功能上都是
双语的
作为一名成人语言学习者，你也可以这样做
几个月后可以学习
第四种传统语言
[音乐]
你可能认识一个来自移民
家庭的人，他
在家里说的语言与其他人
说的语言不同，这种语言在
学术上被称为传统语言，
基本上是某人的语言
在家学习，而
在其他任何地方都没有使用过，
你可以想象这样的安排
会在语言上产生巨大的变化
能力
有些人拥有传统语言，
他们通过
每周一次拜访祖父母来
学习其他人
通过父母强制执行的严格的家庭教育程序来
学习传统学习者与在单语环境中长大
的演讲者相比，他们的演讲往往有一些显着差异，
他们可能有 口音
受到他们长大的主要语言的影响
，
或者他们可能会对使用
一些
他们不熟悉的语法或词汇感到不舒服，但
另一方面，他们可能能够
流畅地使用诸如音调、
语法性别和其他方面的东西
学习者极难
掌握听力理解的语言也
可能很好
另一个很大的区别是阅读和
写作，您可能不记得了，
但阅读和写作需要时间来
学习 可能很难激励自己
或孩子学习 用一种新的语言阅读或写作，
尤其是如果那种语言
如果你
有一个传统语言
并且你正在努力重新激活它，我们可能会倾向于依赖我们已经拥有的阅读和写作技能而不是学习新
东西对自己友善
也许你觉得你应该 知道如何
用您的传统语言阅读或写作，
但您不会
，这没关系，您可以
像任何其他语言学习者一样努力培养这些技能，
培养读写能力的一个好方法是阅读
带有音频的文本，您可以
在 同时
您可以使用我们的
语言学习计划中的课程笔记或
观看带字幕的视频 这很容易
在您舒适的家中完成
第五 获得流利的第二
语言
关于是否可以学习一门
语言有很多分歧的讨论 对于母语水平
，重要的是要考虑母语
水平意味着什么
也许以您的目标语言为母语的人
可以完美地谈论他们的工作，
但他们不会说我 n 关于
他们领域之外的话题的深度
你不希望自己能够
用你的母语完美地谈论任何事情，
所以不要指望你能神奇地用
你的语言完美地交流
要么学习，而且重要的是要
记住，没有人总是说得完美
无瑕，
我们都会犯错误，我们知道如何
纠正自己和澄清
信息
世界上最好的演讲者
即使在舞台上也会犯错误，
每个人之前都被他们的话绊倒，
这是否意味着他们' 不流利
自己的语言当然不是你可以做
一些惊人的事情来获得类似母语
的外语口音
但是他们都需要大量的工作
很多人首先要说服
别人他们是母语
人士 几分钟的谈话
如果你
在 40 秒后犯错真的很重要
40 分钟记住完美的
演讲不需要像母语一样说话
正如我们在此视频中所讨论的，
许多双语和多语种的人
也有优点和缺点
- 双语者会不会忘记一种
语言
如果您非常忙于一种语言，如果不使用它们，语言技能会随着时间的推移而恶化
并且很少使用另一种您可能会发现
您在不使用的语言中的能力下降
因为经常
完全忘记一种语言需要
很长时间，
尽管您可能会在这里和那里忘记一个您可能不会使用的语言的单词
完全失去一门语言，
除非你几十年不使用它
对于任何考虑在另一个国家度过一生的人来说，这是需要考虑的事情
确保保持你的语言
技能，否则随着时间的推移，
事情可能会越来越难
记住双语
或多语种很有趣
很多语言学习者将
自己与双语或多
语种进行比较
记住双语和多语种的
人也会投入工作
当他们还是孩子的时候，
如果您自己的
学习似乎很慢
，请不要感到气馁，这只是需要时间，这对
每个人
来说都是如此 更多
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