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[Music]

hi everybody my name is alicia in this

lesson i’m going to talk about some

differences between the present perfect

and the past perfect these are two

commonly confused grammar points so in

this lesson i’m going to compare the

uses of these two

and i’m going to give some example

sentences that i hope show the different

ways that they are applied so let’s get

started

i want to begin this lesson by talking

about present perfect tense

i made a diagram here this diagram shows

the two primarily two uses i want to

talk about in this lesson of present

perfect

first though let’s read the explanation

here

we use the present perfect tense to

express actions that started in the past

and continue to the present so present

means now

or the effects of the action continue to

the present

so this explanation

shown visually might look something like

this these two lines that continue from

the past to the present so here is a

timeline this star represents now this

direction is the future

back here is the past

so we use present perfect tense to

describe actions that start if this is

my starting point

let’s start in the past and continue

to the present

we can also use it to describe actions

that start in the past and the effects

of that action continue to the present

this is the first point

we can also use this grammar point with

the progressive form or the continuous

form of a verb remember this is the ing

the ing form of a verb

for emphasis on the continuing action so

if you really want to show that

something has been continuing

and will continue perhaps after your

conversation so this helps show the

action will continue into the future

you can use that in form of a verb

we also use the present perfect tense

for life experience at an unspecified

point in the past

so unspecified means it’s not clear

when the action happened or it’s not

important when the action happened we

just want to express

life experience

on a timeline this might look something

like this

the dotted lines represent some sometime

in the past we don’t know exactly when

but there was life experience something

happened we use this for like travel job

experience and so on

we can also make a negative here to show

no life experience in the past at some

point or at any point in the past so

with these points in mind let’s look at

some example sentences that show us how

present perfect tense is used

first example sentence

i have been to france i have been to

france this is a very basic present

perfect tense sentence

this

is actually a simple life experience

statement so i mentioned we use the

present perfect tense for life

experience i have been to france

shows us that at some point in the past

the speaker had the experience of

visiting france so as i said this is a

very basic sentence that uses present

perfect to refresh when we make present

perfect sentences we use have or has

depending on the subject like i have or

she has he has

plus the past participle verb form

here we’re using i as our subject

have

my verb is be so the past participle

form is bin

i have been in this case to france so

this refers to a simple life experience

let’s take a look at another example

she has been studying english for three

years she has been studying english for

three years

here we see

a verb is used in the progressive form

so this shows it’s an action that is

continuing in this case we have some

more information so this action has

continued for three years

this means

at the point in time at which this

conversation happened here

she in the situation this other person

she has been studying continuously

for three years so let’s imagine this

point in time in the past is her start

point her study start point she has been

studying for three years so this time

period is three years that’s what this

sentence tells us she has been studying

here you’ll also notice

that this pattern follows

this pattern i mentioned earlier

has been and then the continuing action

or the progressive verb here

follows

this past participle verb form so this

shows us the continuing action

we can use for or we can use since in

patterns like these

okay

let’s move on to another one

here

he has been sick

for a week

he has been sick for a week

so here we’re talking about a condition

we can’t use sick as a verb we can’t say

sicking that doesn’t work he has been

sick so sick is describing a person’s

condition the status of their body it’s

not talking about an action he’s not

doing something it’s his condition

we want to express that this condition

started in the past in this case for a

week so this point in the past is a week

ago he has been sick

maybe we could say like he was very sick

here and then he got a little bit better

but we wouldn’t really be so specific in

everyday conversation about that we

would probably use something like this

he has been sick for a week so this

shows us maybe there were some effects

of his sickness perhaps that continued

we can guess based on our own

experiences

what this means so he has been sick for

a week shows us someone began

the sick condition here and it continued

for this period of time it may continue

but we just talk about this point in

time here and because it’s not an action

just using this simple phrase is

perfectly natural

okay

let’s move on to one more example

sentence that uses present perfect this

one it’s a negative

i’ve never written a book i’ve never

written a book

this ive is i have i have i’ll come back

to this in a moment

i mentioned that we use the present

perfect tense to talk about life

experience and no life experience

this is a situation

that describes no life experience i have

never

written a book

so when we include never before a past

participle verb in this pattern it means

no life experience at any time in the

past i’ve never

written a book

this sentence

i’ve written a book means at some point

in the past i had the experience of

writing a book

this however means no experience

i mentioned this point right here this

i’ve i’ve

one pronunciation point for present

perfect tense is about this reduction

this shortening of sounds

when we’re using have as in i have or we

have

we make a v sound in fast speech i have

becomes ive we have becomes weave

when the subject however is he or she or

for example he has or she has is reduced

to he’s

she’s so there’s this z sound that

happens here

in this case i’ve used i’ve so please

keep this point in mind we’ll see

something different with the past

perfect tense so this is a refresher on

present perfect tense if you’d like to

know more about present perfect tense

there are some other videos on the

english class 101 channel that you can

check

for some more example sentences and some

more detailed explanations

so let’s compare this to

past perfect tense

again i have a diagram here of the

present now

the future and the past one key

difference that you can maybe see

quickly

is that here

all of the situations involved

everything in the situation is in the

past

we’re not talking about the present here

everything happened in the past

here we’re talking about the

relationship between the past

and

now

so keep this in mind

these sentences can be used to talk

about things that happened in the past

continued and then stopped uh at a

certain point in time so let’s look at

the explanation

we use past perfect tense to express

actions that started in the past

and continued to a specific point in the

past so this is an action yes or it can

be a condition so for example we talked

about a person being sick that’s a

condition that’s a good example of a

condition or a state

so started in the past continued to a

specific point in the past

maybe something happened something

changed it or we just want to note that

this is an important point in the past

i’ll show some examples in a moment

we can use past perfect with the

progressive again the ing form of a verb

we use this we tend to use this with

when

plus a past tense verb like a clause

that uses a past tense verb and we do

this to show an interrupted action

so the image here is an action is

continuing continuing continuing and we

use past perfect to describe that action

something happens

we use when to mark that point and then

we add a past tense verb clause to show

the thing that happened so again i’ll

show an example of this in a moment

finally we can use this for life

experience that was true in the past so

maybe something has changed but we want

to talk about something that was true in

the past or that happened in the past or

a condition in the past that maybe is

different or kind of is important um to

talk about in relationship to experience

now it’s a complex point so let’s look

at some examples that use this

first

i had been

to 10 countries by my 25th birthday so

let’s break down this sentence

here i begin the sentence with my past

perfect phrase

i had been

so here we see a similar pattern with

the present perfect tense we’re using

the verb have yes but because it’s past

tense past perfect tense

we need to conjugate we need to change

this verb to past tense so to make past

perfect tense we use had plus the past

participle verb form in this case i had

been

okay so i had been to

countries this is reflecting a past

condition past life experience

my 25th birthday

so by can mark a point in time it’s like

up until this point in time

so here let’s look at this in terms of

our timeline

we know

by my 25th birthday is the key point in

time in this sentence and we see past

perfect tenses used to explain this

condition

i had been to 10 countries so this is my

life experience so we can imagine

this is the speaker’s 25th birthday here

before this time or rather by this point

in time in this person’s life experience

he or she visited had been to

10 countries

so we use past perfect to show that so

this is useful if you want to tell a

story or you’re talking about gradually

gaining life experience so the speaker

is talking about their 25th birthday

this

suggests this is a past point in time

so this is how we might explain

these kinds of life experiences and

gradually learning and growing and doing

other things

let’s look at another example here

an interrupted action

we had been working on the project for

three weeks

when it was suddenly

cancelled

we had been working on the project for

three weeks when it was suddenly

canceled so here we see one of the big

hint words i mentioned this when as i

talked about here

when comes before a simple past tense

statement in this case passive it was

suddenly cancelled so here is my

past tense portion

here i’m using we had been working

here’s my past perfect portion again

with progressive

so this shows an action that was

continuing we had been working

on the project for three weeks

when

it was suddenly cancelled so when marks

the point of change in a continuing

action so this is something maybe our

team was working continuously on

here the project was suddenly cancelled

we use when to mark that interruption or

that stop point

so we use this uh with the progressive

tense because there’s an actual action

happening we wouldn’t use this like i

had been traveling to 10 countries that

sounds like a person was continuously

moving from country to country and it

doesn’t sound natural at all we just

want to talk about life experience here

this sentence however shows us that the

action was continuing like non-stop we

had been working this was a continuing

theme but it was interrupted our

interruption is marked with when and a

past tense clause

okay

let’s go to one more kind of complex one

again this uses a negative i talked

about this negative over here i’ve never

written a book

let’s look at how we might use a

negative with past perfect

i’d never eaten sushi

before i visited japan

so here another pronunciation point i

mentioned we use

and

when we reduce the i have he has

patterns in present perfect tense

when we use past perfect tense we have a

similar reduction but because we only

use had we just make a d sound i had

becomes i’d we had becomes weed there’s

a small d sound so

i’d never eaten sushi before i visited

japan i’d never eaten sushi before i

visited japan so here we have right here

a good hint

past tense situation a past tense clause

so before i visited japan so here’s a

key point in time so the speaker

has had the experience of visiting japan

so here visited japan

before that

the speaker did not have the experience

of eating sushi

so we expressed that with i’d never

eaten sushi

before i visited japan you might hear

some people say i’d never eaten sushi

before visiting japan that’s also okay

but the key point here we’re

communicating

lack of experience in the past

before

this more recent experience so we use

past perfect to do this to show these

relationships between past situations

between past actions past conditions and

so on so when we want to be very

specific about our timeline

we can use past perfect and simple past

tense to do that so a really good rule

is if you’re telling a story a past

tense story something that happened in

the past

and you want to show the sequence of

events

use simple past for the most recent

action

use past perfect for the action further

in the past and try not to put too much

information in one sentence

two items is great so if you want to do

it like this it’s very clear but if you

have too many actions in one sentence it

can get very confusing so

again that hint is used past perfect for

actions farther in the past like the

furthest action in the past past perfect

the more recent action use simple past

tense to talk about that

this is a quick introduction to the

differences between past perfect and

present perfect tense i hope that you

found something you can use and i hope

that it helps you in telling your

stories more clearly of course if you

have any questions or comments or if you

want to practice making some sentences

or stories

feel free to do so in the comments

section of this video also if you liked

this lesson please don’t forget to give

it a thumbs up subscribe to our channel

if you haven’t already and please check

us out at englishclass101.com

for some other things that can help you

with your english studies thanks very

much for watching this lesson and i will

see you again soon bye-bye

hi everybody my name is alicia in this

lesson i’m going to talk about but and

yet

and i’m going to focus on two parts of

speech we can use but and yet for both

of these parts of speech but we need to

keep in mind the different meanings that

result so let’s get started

the first part of speech i want to talk

about is using but and yet as a

conjunction so a reminder when i say

part of speech i mean the function of

the word in the sentence so that means

grammatically what is the word’s purpose

what is that word’s job in the sentence

a conjunction is a word that is used to

make two ideas come together we connect

our ideas with conjunctions so for

example like and and but or for so those

kinds of things

so conjunctions

there are quite a few of them and some

kind of like phrases we can use as well

but we can use but and yet as

conjunctions when using these as

conjunctions they mean the same thing so

we can connect our ideas and they have

the meaning of however however so they

have the same meaning same function as

conjunctions

yet sounds more formal than but so we

tend to use it in more formal situation

in most everyday situations we use but

to connect our ideas it would sound too

formal too polite to use yet in most

everyday conversations let’s look at

some examples first

we wanted to go shopping but we were out

of time

here but connects

this idea with this idea we wanted to go

shopping and

we were out of time so out of time means

we used all our time we had no time

remaining so we connect these ideas with

the conjunction but

another example

you said dinner would be twenty dollars

but it’s actually fifty dollars here

again two ideas being connected in this

case you said dinner would be twenty

dollars this past tense statement but

it’s actually 50 so here is a present

tense statement we connect these ideas

with but

now let’s see some examples where we

might use yet as a conjunction

they gave their best effort at the

championship match

yet we’re defeated

so here we’re showing probably a team

working hard at a championship match

that’s point a

yet be they were defeated so yes we

could use the word but here they gave

their best but we’re defeated that’s

also okay

using yet here shows it’s kind of a more

formal situation maybe this championship

match was very important to this team or

it was like a very important match in

the sporting world overall so yet kind

of elevates it brings the level up of

formality

one more example

she said she wasn’t interested in the

job

yet

she sent an application so here

point a she said she wasn’t interested

yet she sent an application so here

again this is probably like a work

related situation so using yet shows

it’s a bit more formal it’s perhaps a

bit more polite so using yet is going to

make your sentence sound more formal

connecting your ideas with yet will

increase your politeness level a bit so

this is how we use but and yet as

conjunctions let’s compare this then

to using these words as adverbs as

adverbs these two words are very

different in meaning when we use yet as

an adverb it means up to this point in

time so for example many students

probably know a sentence like

i haven’t finished my homework yet

or i haven’t done the laundry yet so

there’s that feeling of expectation with

yet meaning up until this point in time

this thing has not in many cases been

finished

but there’s some expectation there

we can kind of see this in this like the

same way when we’re using yet in these

example sentences i’ll show you

compare this to but when we use but as

an adverb as you’ll see in some examples

it means just or only

i also want to note with these speech

patterns that i’m going to introduce

these are formal speech patterns we

don’t use these so often in everyday

speech

the yet patterns you might hear in

business english

in more formal situations work

situations

these sound a little formal and in some

cases maybe a little old-fashioned

but from time to time you may hear

patterns similar to these so i would

like to explain them first let’s look at

using yet as i said yet as an adverb

means up to this point in time

here

they have yet to reply to our offer

they have yet to reply to our offer so

another way to say this would be

they haven’t replied to our offer yet

that’s another way to say it that’s

probably the more common way to say it

they haven’t replied to our offer yet it

sounds a little more casual that sounds

like an everyday speech pattern

this sounds more formal they have yet to

reply to our offer so if you want your

speech to sound a little more formal or

if you’re writing something you can use

this pattern

they have yet to reply to our offer or

they haven’t replied to our offer yet

means the same thing either way

there’s some expectation you’re

expecting that there’s going to be a

reply it just means up until this point

there hasn’t been one so we use yet to

communicate that

another example

i have not yet finished my proposal i

have not yet finished my proposal so

here yet is being used to talk about

someone’s expectations for themselves so

i have not yet finished my proposal

shows up until now

my proposal has not been completed but i

expect to complete it

so another way to say this that would be

more like casual everyday speech would

be i haven’t finished my proposal yet so

using yet sounds quite natural and much

more casual when we use it at the end of

the sentence

but when we use it in this position it

makes the sentence sound more formal

okay

also you’ll notice maybe one other

grammatical point in case you have a

question about this in this sentence i

have i have not yet finished and here

was they have yet to reply so you’ll

notice that here i’ve used i have not

yet finished so

this these two sentences are both

expressing lack of something so not

finishing and not receiving a reply but

there are these two patterns that we can

use so yes they have yet

to reply means they haven’t replied yet

that’s okay to use

so you could say for example

they have not yet replied to our offer

that’s also okay to use it’s up to you

to me

this one sounds a little more formal

using this infinitive form but you can

use both of these patterns to express

that lack of something

okay

let’s go on then to talking about butt

as i said these are fairly

kind of formal maybe a little

old-fashioned so you might not hear them

as much

let’s look at this example

don’t quit

we’re at but the first stage of our

project

so this but i know it seems probably a

little weird but this is how we would

use this

as an adverb so as i said but means like

just or only

so think of it as that so if we use only

here for example only would be modifying

the first stage so the first stage or

like the first step of a project we’re

at just the first stage we’re only the

first stage but has that meaning we’re

at but the first stage but using but

instead of just or only sounds more

formal we’re but the first stage of our

project so don’t quit it’s only the

first stage let’s look at one more

example

this is but a small error don’t worry

so here again if we replace but with

just or only we can see maybe more

naturally the meaning this is just a

small error don’t worry or this is only

a small error don’t worry

but makes it sound more formal so again

we don’t use this speech pattern so much

in everyday speech but you may hear it

from time to time

especially in kind of more old-fashioned

media that uses this style of english so

this is what it means but it means just

or only when used as an adverb

okay

so this is a quick intro to how to use

but and yet as adverbs and to use them

as conjunctions there are other uses of

these words but i wanted to compare

these two

especially conjunctions because there

are many questions about the differences

between these two words so i hope that

this was helpful for you if you have any

questions or comments or if you want to

practice making a sentence with these

words please feel free to do so in the

comment section of course if you liked

this lesson please don’t forget to give

it a thumbs up subscribe to our channel

if you haven’t already and check us out

at englishclass101.com

for some other things that can help you

with your english studies thanks very

much for watching this lesson and i will

see you again soon bye-bye

hi everybody my name is alicia in this

lesson i’m going to talk about some ways

to politely excuse yourself i’m going to

talk about expressions you can use when

you make a mistake and expressions that

you can use to ask permission to leave

somewhere so let’s get started okay the

first expression i want to talk about is

excuse me excuse me

excuse me can be used when you need to

ask for something and you have to

interrupt someone else

it can also be used when you need to

apologize for something small and we

usually use excuse me for apologies with

strangers so for example if you’re

walking down the street and you

bump someone’s shoulder

you might say

excuse me oh excuse me

you might hear some native speakers drop

this e sound it might sound more like

excuse me excuse me so this x might

sound like an s sound excuse me instead

of excuse me so you can use this as an

apology to say i’m sorry with strangers

or two strangers or you can use it when

you need to ask for something as in this

example sentence

excuse me

i’m looking for the restroom excuse me

i’m looking for the restroom

again excuse me is used more commonly

with strangers people that we’re not

close to

this is a sentence you might use in like

a department store or a shopping mall

for example so you don’t know the other

person excuse me

this is a nice introduction

to your question so excuse me or excuse

okay let’s compare this with i’m sorry

i’m sorry i’m sorry it’s better than i

am sorry i am sorry sounds very stiff

and unnatural i’m sorry or just

sorry

so i’m sorry sounds a little bit more

formal a little bit more polite than

just sorry so we use sorry when we make

a mistake and we use it when we’re close

to the other person

or we use it maybe

with strangers sometimes for a very

small problem so

again in like a shopping situation maybe

you touch the person next to you or you

do some small motion that’s maybe uh

like a mistake or it’s some small motion

that might bother the other person some

people might say sorry sorry is more

casual than excuse me in this situation

oh sorry so that sounds a little bit

more friendly there

excuse me sounds a little bit more um

polite so i’m sorry or sorry

in this example sentence i’ve used i’m

so sorry i’m so sorry so we tend to use

so sorry a lot as an emphasis word you

could say i’m very sorry i’m very sorry

to me sounds a little bit more formal

than i’m so sorry so sounds a little

more casual so for example

i’m so sorry

i forgot to send you the file

so here this is a mistake and we use i’m

sorry here instead of excuse me because

in this case i forgot to send you the

file it’s like the speaker has some

relationship with the listener it’s not

a stranger in this case here this is

probably a stranger in this case the

speaker has some relationship so this

i’m sorry and i’m so sorry is quite

natural

okay

so let’s compare this then to this sorry

a key here

is my question mark this question mark

punctuation point because

i’m sorry and sorry

have different meanings so you can hear

the intonation is different when i want

to apologize i made a mistake i say i’m

sorry or just sorry

when i have a question though i say

sorry my intonation goes up

so we use this sorry when we didn’t hear

something another person said or when we

don’t understand that thing that they

just said so in a situation like this

sorry

i couldn’t hear you

so sorry is similar to what

but we use sorry to mean like maybe oh

sorry i was being noisy i couldn’t hear

you or maybe sorry i i couldn’t

understand and that might be a problem

for you so sorry to me feels a little

bit softer than just what if someone

like says something and you can’t hear

them so sorry

so please note i’m sorry

and sorry have different intonations so

we don’t use i’m sorry

with uh an apology we use this if we

didn’t hear something another person

said

okay now let’s go on to a couple of

permission related questions i have for

both of these

two options in the sentence or two

options in the question and they are

can i

and

may i so these are both used in

situations where we need to ask someone

else in these cases i was thinking a

teacher or perhaps a colleague

were asking permission to leave a

location

this is one that’s very common for

students

so we can say can i use the restroom can

i use the restroom or can i go to the

restroom it’s also okay can i go to the

restroom

also may i use the restroom may i use

the restroom or may i go to the restroom

in every day at least american english

speech both can i and may i are

acceptable some teachers however are

very very strict about the words that

they use and they prefer students use

may i the reason for this is

historically may i has been used to ask

for permission

can i is used to talk about abilities so

this is the historical difference

between these words but today in today’s

english we use both of them to ask for

permission so can i go to the restroom

or can i use the restroom are both okay

so we can change that to may i go to the

restroom may i use the restroom both of

those are fine

but just every once in a while i

remember this from my school days my

teacher

would sometimes say

in response to a student that said can i

use the restroom the student said can i

use the restroom the teacher responded i

don’t know can you so it’s kind of a

joke like is it possible for you to rest

to use the restroom can you use the

restroom so this sort of joke this kind

of strict english grammar joke it’s not

very funny but it’s referring to cannes

historical use uh as like a an ability

related word

so in most cases it’s not a problem most

teachers and most people in your life

are not going to use this sort of joke

but if you’re worried or if you want to

avoid this you can use may i

so the same thing goes for this sentence

the same thing is true here

can i or may i leave early so this is

something you can use at work if you

like um like can i leave or class as

well can i leave early today or can i

leave early tomorrow and you should

share a reason for this a reason for

excusing yourself for leaving the

situation

so again may i is more historically

accurate in terms of asking for

permission can i is related more to

abilities but they are both used today

so for example

i would say if i have an appointment may

i leave early tomorrow i have a

dentist’s appointment

so you can include some time point here

may i leave early today may i leave

early tomorrow i’m not feeling well

if you use that one may i leave early

today

make sure it’s like and you’re using um

a feeling like you’re feeling sick make

sure it’s the same day like may i leave

early tomorrow i’m not feeling well that

sounds very strange like you’re planning

on being sick the next day that doesn’t

work

so please use this i recommend using

this with your upcoming appointments and

on the same day if you’re not feeling

well you could you could use this

expression may i leave early today i’m

not feeling well

okay

let’s continue then to the next pair the

next pair actually all of these are a

little more formal and not as commonly

used in everyday speech

the first one is pardon me pardon me so

pardon me is like excuse me but pardon

me is not used at least in american

english very often in everyday speech we

don’t use pardon it sounds very formal

in american english so we don’t use it

unless we want to sound very polite for

some reason even in business we don’t

really use this so much we use excuse me

more often in american english

so pardon me can be used again

if you meet us like a stranger and

there’s a small problem like

you

brush against them or you maybe

accidentally push your body into a

person on the elevator you could say oh

pardon me

you can also use this

to interrupt someone as i talked about

here like you’re looking for information

pardon me i’m looking for the restroom

so again it does sound quite formal we

don’t use this so much in american

english but this is how it is sometimes

used

the same point then applies here for

this pardon

pardon as a question so as a question it

means this as a question sorry what what

did you say so pardon i didn’t catch

that what was that i couldn’t hear you

so again your intonation should go up

when you say this pardon it’s different

from pardon me pardon me so pardon it’s

a question

an example of how we use this is pardon

i don’t understand

so again let’s compare this to the

pronunciation of pardon me which we use

to interrupt someone pardon me do you

know where the nearest supermarket is so

again we’re asking for information here

probably from a stranger so we use

pardon me or excuse me to do that all

right let’s go on to the last pair

these use the word forgive forgive so to

forgive someone means to like accept

their apology so they did something

wrong

and you know they did something wrong

they say they’re sorry and you say okay

i understand it’s okay no problem that’s

to forgive someone

forgive me forgive me we use this

expression after usually a big mistake

and we use it usually with people

we are very close to so this could be

like your mother father grandmother

grandfather your close

family members you could use it with

your partner your spouse husband wife

whatever

you can use this for yeah big mistakes

that maybe have some strong effect on

your relationship

you might use this in some cases for a

serious work related problem

so just keep in mind this is a fairly

formal expression we use more in serious

mistake situations for example

please forgive me i won’t do it again

please forgive me i won’t do it again so

maybe you spent a lot of money on like a

new boat or something and your partner

didn’t know about it and it was a huge

problem

so you might say please forgive me i

won’t do it again i’ll sell the boat so

you’ll you’ll show you want you need to

show you’re going to take some action to

fix the problem

if you use this expression please

forgive me so i’m so sorry

and then express usually some way some

plan that you have to fix the problem

you caused so forgive me again

usually used in serious kind of heavy

situations okay let’s move on to the

last one this last one i included here

because you might hear it if you attend

for example a dinner party or other type

of event where someone is hosting a

group of people like at their home or at

an event space so it is forgive my

rudeness forgive my rudeness so rudeness

this means like bad behavior

it doesn’t really mean like actually bad

behavior

it means like

they’re not being a very good host in

the situation

so this is actually kind of a mild

phrase this is used for example when you

arrive at a party when you arrive at

someone’s home and the host greets you

and you’re talking for a long time maybe

in front of the door and the host might

realize this and say oh forgive my

rudeness

would you like something to drink like

please come inside like it was rude of

me uh or it was bad behavior bad host

behavior to talk to you just here at the

door for a long time so please forgive

my rudeness so this is it sounds quite

formal this is somewhat of a formal

phrase but it’s something that like a

party host would use um for a nice

dinner for example

so you might hear this you might hear

this in media as well too forgive my

rudeness so it’s it’s actually kind of a

friendly phrase it shows you care about

the other person and you usually do

something like offer them a drink or

offer them to come inside offer to take

their coat you usually do something to

show that you care about the other

person and you want them to enjoy their

time so forgive my rudeness okay so this

is just i think the most basic

set of expressions that we use to excuse

ourselves or to apologize you might hear

some variations but i think that these

are um pretty good for most situations

just to recap them

in summary these are the phrases and the

words that we use uh if we make a

mistake so they are sorry or i’m sorry

with that downward intonation i’m sorry

we can use pardon me

pardon me or just pardon as well as okay

we can use excuse me and we can use

forgive me again in more serious

situations in most cases i use i’m sorry

i’m sorry or just sorry so that one is

most common i feel in everyday life

followed by excuse me i think so these

are mistake expressions and we also

talked about these two patterns you can

use to leave a room like to leave a

classroom or perhaps to leave part of

your workplace so i hope that this is

helpful for you if you have any

questions or comments please feel free

to let us know in the comments section

of this video also if you liked this

lesson please don’t forget to give it a

thumbs up subscribe to our channel if

you have not already and check us out at

englishclass101.com

for some other things that can help you

with your english studies thanks very

much for watching this lesson and i will

see you again soon bye

hi everybody my name is alicia in this

lesson i’m going to talk about how to

express humility in english let’s get

started okay first i want to define what

is humility

humility humility is a noun humility is

a state of not thinking

you are better than other people

so humility is it’s considered a good

state so we don’t think like i’m better

than that person or that person is below

me or something like that humility is

considered a positive state to be in so

there are a couple of different

situations where it’s common to express

humility

first i’m going to talk about some

expressions you can use if you receive a

special award of some kind or if you

receive kind of like an honorable

recognition

these two are some cases

at work or maybe in your studies where

it’s important to express humility so

first let’s take a look at these

expressions we would use these when we

receive awards so the first expression

i am honored to accept this award

so a key word here is honored so honor

is the root so that means it’s like

respectable so it’s something that’s

very special and i feel

appreciative i want to say thank you and

show that i respect this situation i am

honored to accept so to accept means

like it’s okay i will take it i’m

honored to accept this award so this is

how maybe lots of award speeches begin

if you have watched um english speaking

awards shows you might hear something

similar to this and this similarly

it’s a great honor

to receive this award so these two they

really mean the same thing just slightly

different ways of saying it here we’re

using honor as a noun so it’s a great

honor or i am honored they really mean

the same thing

here i’m using the verb to receive

instead of to accept

in this case they do mean the same thing

they mean like to take

except in some cases can have the idea

or have the feeling of something being

like okay where receive just means like

i’m going to take this like paperwork

i’ve received your paperwork i’m putting

it over here whereas like to accept

something means like to confirm

something so for example like you accept

a student to a university so

receiving is like just taking them but

accepting a student to a university is

like saying okay great like you’re part

of the university now to accept an award

is similar like we had to approve the

acceptance of the award so there’s a

very very small difference there in

general in this case

these two really mean the same thing

they’re just different ways to say a

similar expression

let’s take a look though at the third

one here i greatly appreciate your

consideration i greatly appreciate your

consideration this would be okay to use

if you receive an award maybe this could

be sentence to like i’m honored to

accept this award i greatly appreciate

your consideration

here your you could change this if you

like your means the group of people who

decided to give you the award or the

group of people who gave you like

special recognition or gave you an honor

i greatly appreciate your consideration

if this is like a board of directors at

a company you could replace your with

the board’s consideration i greatly

appreciate the board’s consideration

um so this is a good very general

expression it doesn’t have to be for an

award just for special recognition is

okay like you get a special bonus for

example wow i greatly appreciate your

consideration

all right so let’s continue to two more

samples

these are for more like an honorable

recognition or like you have received an

honorable invitation to something like

to join a very respected project or

project like an organization

or you’re going to participate in

something an exciting project that is

very respected so first sentence is i am

grateful

to have been able to participate in this

project

so this is actually a sentence we would

use if uh the speaker in this case me

if i have finished my role in the

project i am grateful to have been able

so this means i had the life experience

of participating in this project i had

this experience i was able to

so that sounds again it’s like you’re

lowering yourself you’re making yourself

sound a little bit lower that’s that

humility point here

i’m grateful to have been able to

participate

this sounds much more

polite this expresses humility much more

than i’m happy i could join like i’m

happy i could join doesn’t express the

same level of appreciation so grateful

shows your respect

for this situation and this i’m grateful

to have been able to so that means it

sounds like

maybe in another situation this would

not have been possible so i’m grateful

to have been able to participate in this

project really shows your respect for

that project

similarly here i am thrilled to have the

opportunity to participate so thrilled

thrilled this means like excited very

excited

but it

sounds a little more formal in this case

so it’s a stronger word that means

excited i am thrilled to have the

opportunity to participate so this is

probably for an upcoming project here i

used to have been able to

suggesting that the project has

concluded it’s finished here i’m

thrilled to have the opportunity to

participate a sentence like this is

something used when we’re going to start

something new again here i’m using some

words that show

my respect for the situation i am

thrilled to have the opportunity so

opportunity means chance but opportunity

sounds more formal than chance so i’m

thrilled that like there’s this great

chance and i want to express it more

formally to show that i respect the

situation so these are two good ones you

can use for like an honorable a project

you can join or you receive like

recognition for participating in a

project so again this is for something

that’s probably finished

or is going to finish very soon and this

is probably for something that’s coming

up in the future

okay before i get to this point i want

to go to the second group uh the second

group of expressions here is expressing

gratitude

so that means ways to say thank you

expressing gratitude for your teammates

for your community for your family and

so on for the people around you so a key

to expressing humility is that you don’t

focus on yourself only it’s not just me

me me i did all this stuff on my own but

who are the people i worked with so um

how do i express my appreciation for

those people on my team or in my

community so some expressions you can

use this one is very general

thank you so much for your support thank

you so much for your support so a

company can use this with their

customers like in an email to their

customers who have helped them in some

way

we could use this on youtube for example

like if i want to say say to the viewers

who like the video or leave comments i

could say thank you so much for your

support so this is a polite expression

that shows your appreciation for a group

of people or for just one person even

and it also sounds a little bit friendly

so thank you so much for your support

you can remove this

this so much and make the sentence thank

you for your support

i like to say thank you so much for your

support so i think it shows a little bit

more strongly the appreciation

another one we can use

is this uh i or we

couldn’t do it without you i couldn’t do

it without you we couldn’t do it without

you a variation on this is i couldn’t

have done it without you i couldn’t have

done it without you is what it sounds

like at native speed couldn’t have done

it without you

so couldn’t have done it without you

means again something like this grateful

to have been we used that couldn’t have

done it without you means that something

happened in the past and without that

person or without that group

the project or the action

would not have been possible so we say

in the present i could not

pass i could not have done it without

you so we’re using perfect tense to

describe that relationship there so here

i’m not using that i’m just using simple

uh we couldn’t do it without you i

couldn’t do it without you so for

example

like our channel so we couldn’t do it

without you where you

is our viewers so in this case it in

this sentence refers to the activities

of the speaker so in our case we

couldn’t do it without you means we

could not make the channel without our

viewers like the viewers are important

for us so that we can get your feedback

and so that we can try to make uh in

informative and for informative videos

that help people so in this case that’s

our it it

uh so you means the people around

the person speaking

so it just refers to the activities

there so other companies might say like

we couldn’t do it without you like we

couldn’t make our products without our

customers that’s a very common one or

maybe an athlete could say it i couldn’t

do it without the fans maybe an

entertainer or an athlete would say

something like that so it’s to express

their appreciation and to say like my

job would not be possible without you

that’s what this really means

and that’s a breakdown of the sentence

okay let’s move on to the next

expression which is thank you to

everyone on our team thank you to

everyone on our team this is very

general

some other variations are like thank you

to our wonderful team members um thank

you to our amazing team and so on so

this can be used for your work you can

use this in sports you can use this at

school if you’re working in a group

project you could change team to group

thank you to everyone in our group

though we changed the preposition on our

team

or in our group we do not use on a group

we use in a group

so this is really great for talking

about your colleagues and your coworkers

so for example if i want to use this

expression to talk about our team here i

could say thank you to everyone on our

team for their hard work something like

that is a good way to express

appreciation for your teammates okay

onward to the next set of expressions

this one i made this one about family

this i thought was a nice follow-up to

the award-related expressions we talked

about earlier so you receive an award

for example i am honored to accept this

reward i greatly appreciate your

consideration

uh thank you to everyone on our team for

their hard work i would also like to

thank my family for their support so

this is something you might hear at an

awards speech i have here i would like

this is one situation where it’s natural

not to reduce to i’d i’d like to thank

i would like to thank my family this

sounds more formal and in this situation

accepting an award it sounds more

natural to be more formal so it’s okay

here i would like to thank my family for

their support of course you can change

this i would like to thank my wife i

would like to thank my husband i would

like to thank my partner for his or her

or their support

so you can change this as well too but

generally support is a nice word to use

that’s kind of open

okay onward this one is good for like a

community related event like a volunteer

event or something organized in your

town or city

thank you to all the community members

who volunteered their time and effort

their time and effort this is i think a

good expression to include here you

could say thank you to all the community

members who volunteered that’s great but

showing

that you recognize the other people

gave you their time and their effort so

effort means like their energy they took

action to do something so they

participated and they gave time and

effort for something that you put

together is a really important thing to

notice i think it’s an important thing

to recognize

so this is a good one for a community

event

of course you could use just people

thank you to all the people who

volunteered their time and effort too

but if this is like a city or a town

event it might be good um to consider

your local community by using a word

such as this

okay

so i want to finish this lesson with

just a couple very small points

we commonly use as few expressions when

responding to compliments so a reminder

a compliment is when someone gives you

nice feedback gives you a nice comment

about something and you want to express

humility like oh it’s not so great or no

no no that feeling

so these are a few very common ways we

do that

let’s imagine we get a compliment

someone says i like your shirt

you can respond by saying ah you’re too

kind you’re too kind you could also say

ah it’s nothing

we’ll often say something like that’s

nothing like this is old or this was so

cheap so we kind of put ourselves down

sometimes in this way sometimes it

depends a little bit on the person

you could say oh that’s so nice of you

to say that’s so nice of you to say

or you could just say oh thanks as well

too ah so aww here means ah ah thanks

um so it depends on the person if you

compliment someone and they say like

it’s nothing

it’s a fairly natural response some

people when you compliment will just say

thank you i bought it at such and such

store that’s also very natural but if

you would like to express humility you

can use one of these expressions i tend

to say i tend to use something like this

i uh not it’s nothing but i will use a

specific adjective in the moment like if

someone complements my shirt i’ll say oh

this this is so old like it was so cheap

i usually choose a specific adjective

related to the compliment or if someone

says like i like your new haircut i

would say oh me too but you know i can’t

style it perfectly like i tend to choose

like a specific point that i can kind of

um make myself sound a little bit lower

um in that moment so that’s kind of up

to you you can kind of listen to the

compliment and choose how you want to

respond if you’re not sure you don’t

know how to use this you can just say

thank you i appreciate it

so these are just a couple ways

that we respond to compliments everyday

small points

in daily life so i hope that this lesson

was helpful i hope you learned some good

ways to express humility and i hope that

you have many reasons to use these

expressions it’s very positive i think

so if you have any questions or comments

please feel free to let us know in the

comments section of this video also you

can feel free to practice making a

speech if you want like an award

acceptance speech that might be

interesting uh if you liked the video

please don’t forget to give it a thumbs

up subscribe to our channel if you have

not already and check us out at

englishclass101.com for some other

things that can help you with your

english studies thanks very much for

watching this lesson and i will see you

again soon bye bye

coco

coco co go

coco is a very popular drink it is

chocolatey and we often mix it with milk

to create hot cocoa

a warm cup of cocoa is comforting on a

cold winter night

a warm cup of cocoa is comforting on a

cold winter night

a warm cup of cocoa is comforting on a

cold winter night

soft drink

a soft drink is any kind of drink that

does not have alcohol in it this could

be soda it could be juice it could be

tea these are all soft drinks

soft drinks don’t contain alcohol and

are usually carbonated and served cold

soft drinks don’t contain alcohol and

are usually carbonated and served cold

soft drinks don’t contain alcohol and

are usually carbonated and served cold

juice

juice is a drink that comes from a fruit

or a vegetable juice is generally quite

healthy and it tastes pretty good

fresh fruit juice is a great way to

start any day

fresh fruit juice is a great way to

start any day

fresh fruit juice is a great way to

start any day

bookshelf

book

shelf

a bookshelf is a piece of furniture

typically we use it to keep our books it

is a shelf for our books but many people

use it for other storage too

the bookshelf is full of books

the book shelf is full of books

bed

a bed is a piece of furniture a bed is

the place where we sleep there are many

different sizes

i bought a new bed

i bought a new

bed

mirror

a mirror is an object that is reflective

that means that we can see our faces

when we look into it we typically have

mirrors in our bathroom and we can refer

to small mirrors as hand mirrors

the mirror is hanging on the wall

dresser

a dresser is something that we have in

our house to store our clothes this

might be inside the closet it might be

inside a room it can be very big very

small there are many different styles of

dresser

in my house i don’t have a dresser

in my house i don’t have a

dresser in my house i don’t have a

dresser

sweep

sweep is a verb we use the word sweep

when we talk about cleaning house with a

broom so this motion

is called sweeping so when we want to

clean things off the floor we sweep the

floor

it’s so dusty sweep the floor

put away

to put something away or to put away

something means to replace something so

after we use an item in our kitchen

somewhere else in our house after we use

it and we’re finished using it we need

to put it away to replace that item in

its correct position

i put away the dishes

mop is interesting a mop as a noun

refers to the tool we use to clean our

floors it’s something that we use with

water and soap we also use this word as

a verb to mean to clean the floors with

soap and with this scrubbing motion

i spilled the juice so i’ll mop the

floor

i spilled the juice so i’ll mop the

floor

i spilled the juice so i’ll mop the

floor

waitress

waitress a waitress is staff at a

restaurant a waitress is a female staff

member who takes orders and delivers

them to the kitchen and also brings food

to the table

the waitress is holding a tray with

glasses

the waitress is holding a tray with

glasses

the waitress is holding a tray with

glasses

fahrenheit

fair ren height

so fahrenheit refers to the scale that

is used in the usa to measure

temperature

water freezes at 32 degrees fahrenheit

temperature

temperature refers to how hot or how

cold something is

temperature is increasing

temperature

is increasing

humid

humid refers to a weather condition or

to an air condition where there is a lot

of water in the air the air feels kind

of sticky or heavy

in this country the climate is humid

windy

windy is an adjective that refers to a

weather condition where there’s a lot of

wind

it’s windy outside

playground

a playground is a special feature in a

park they’re often brightly colored the

goal of a playground is to give children

a place to play

is there also a slide on the playground

pool

you can think of a pool kind of like a

really really big bathtub they’re places

where we can swim in our cities

the lifeguard is watching the pool

tennis

tennis is a very popular sport it’s

played with two people sometimes with

four people as well and the players pass

a ball or rather hit a ball back and

forth across a net shall we play tennis

shall we play tennis

basketball

basketball is a very popular sport where

two teams compete against each other to

score the most points by throwing a ball

through a basket

most basketball players are

tall most basketball players are tall

most basketball players are tall

leader

lee liter

a liter is a unit of measurement but

this unit of measurement is used for

liquid

how many liters of milk did you buy

rice

rice is a very common food we eat rice

with meals usually as a side dish but

you might also see it used as a main

dish

today i should buy a lot of rice

today

i should buy a lot of rice

bread

bread is another very popular

carbohydrate we often eat bread in the

mornings especially warmed up as toast

i buy my bread at the bakery

egg

so an egg refers to the raw form of an

egg usually as it comes from a chicken

we can also use the same word to refer

to an egg after we cook it

i boil an egg

noodle

so noodle is a countable noun the plural

form is noodles we typically have

noodles in soup or in pasta dishes

instant noodles are a popular like meal

instant noodles are a popular light meal

alarm clock

a alarm clock

so an alarm clock is a clock that has an

alarm function many of us use our phones

as alarm clocks these days

the alarm clock is set for 5 am

door

so a door is the thing that we use to

enter or exit a room you can open or

close a door or in some cases you can

slide open or slide a door closed

can you close the door

remote control

a remote control is something we can

hold in our hands so we can remotely

control something else that means from a

distance we are able to control

something like a tv or air conditioner

or something like that

please pass me the remote control

please pass me the remote control please

pass me the remote control

wipe

so to wipe as a verb refers to this

motion we use the verb wipe often when

we talk about cleaning something like

wiping windows or maybe wiping a table

wiping some kind of surface usually to

clean it

don’t forget to wipe the floor

men

you

a menu is like a list of choices we

usually think of menus when we visit

restaurants but you can have menus in

other situations too for example maybe

you have menus on your computer or menus

on your tv it’s a list of things you can

choose from

the customer is looking at the menu

magazine

a magazine is a group of articles

generally though you might also see

groups of photographs put together

magazines are generally provided to

people once a month or maybe

four times a year something like that so

you can usually find magazines about

specific topics

would you like to read some magazines

would you like to read some

magazines would you like to read some

magazines

audiobook

ah d

book

so an audio book is a book that you can

listen to this is different from a

regular book because we read regular

books with an audio book you can listen

and read at the same time if you like

i listen to audiobooks during my commute

to work

i listen to audio books during my

commute to work

i listen to audio books during my

commute to work

video game

so a video game refers to a game that

you can play on your tv or these days

also on your computer or your smartphone

we say video game but it’s kind of any

game that has a video component to it

something that we can see as we play the

game

i’m going to buy a new video game this

weekend

i’m going to buy a new video game this

weekend

i’m going to buy a new video game this

weekend

cheap

cheap is the opposite of expensive when

something is cheap that means it’s

available for us to buy at a low price

especially at a price lower than we

expect

i’m looking for a cheap pair of shoes

i’m looking for a cheap pair of

shoes expensive

expensive

so expensive is the opposite of cheap

which we just talked about expensive

refers to something that has a high

price especially for things that maybe

are higher priced than usual

it’s too expensive

it is too expensive

kind

so the word kind when used as an

adjective refers to someone who is nice

they are good to other people

she is a kind person with a big smile

scary

so the adjective scary refers to

something that causes us to feel fear

so something outside us is scary please

keep in mind that when you want to talk

about your own emotions you should

describe that as scared

dark streets are scary

streets are scary

dark streets are scary

relaxing

relax in

something that is relaxing is something

that causes us to feel relaxed so again

this is something outside of us we might

hear a relaxing sound like water we

might listen to relaxing music or we

might smell something relaxing it’s

something outside of us we describe our

feeling with relaxed

massages are very relaxing

pound

so in american english we use the word

pound typically to refer to a unit of

measurement

in the u.s we use pounds to measure

weight

one pound is 16

ounces one pound is 16 ounces

one

pound is 16 ounces

mile

so mile is another word that we use in

american english to talk about the

distances between things we typically

use mile to describe the distances

between two cities so you might hear

kilometer used in other countries and in

other types of english in american

english because of the measurement

system we use we use miles

one mile is roughly 1.6 kilometers

foot

so this use of foot refers to another

measurement system that is used in the

usa

foot yes does refer to the part of your

body but when you see foot used to talk

about measurement it’s referring to a

size about this big

there are 12 inches in a foot

illness

so illness refers to a type of disease

or like a type of sickness we don’t

really say i have an illness it sounds a

little bit too formal but we use illness

to describe the level of seriousness of

something for example he has a cold it’s

only a minor illness

he has a cold it’s only a minor illness

he has a cold

it’s only a minor illness

cold

so this use of cold looks at the use

that we have to describe a very very

minor sickness so yes we can use cold as

an adjective to describe low

temperatures but when you see cold used

to talk about sickness it refers to

usually something like a runny nose or a

sore throat or feeling tired

i think i caught a cold

injury

injury is a noun and it’s different from

illness or from cold because an injury

is something that happens to the body

for example you have an accident playing

sports that is an injury an illness

refers to some small germs that get into

the body and that cause us to be sick so

an injury is something that happens

outside you

he suffered a knee injury

medicine

medicine is what we take to improve our

condition we can use medicine to kill

bad germs or to help our body fight bad

germs we can also use medicine to reduce

pain in the body

he was given a lot of medicine

he was given

a lot of medicine

pain

so pain is a noun pain refers to the

uncomfortable the unpleasant feeling in

the body we have after an injury please

keep in mind pain and hurt are very very

different pain is a noun hurt is a verb

so when you want to talk about your body

feeling uncomfortable you can say i have

pain or it hurts

this pain is

unbearable this pain is unbearable

this pain is unbearable

fever

fee

ver

fever is a noun and it refers to the

body temperature being higher than

normal so most people have a body

temperature that’s around 98.6 degrees

if we use fahrenheit or maybe about 37

degrees or so in celsius a fever refers

to body temperature that’s higher than

that and this is used to

indicate whether we are sick or not

she’s in bed with a fever

window

so a window is a fixture a feature in a

building it’s usually made of glass

though sometimes it’s just open and it

allows us to look out beyond the

building

open the window please

alcohol

alcohol in everyday conversation usually

refers to something that we drink for

fun or maybe because we feel sad in some

cases so it’s usually in many countries

and adults only drink we can also use

alcohol to talk about an ingredient in

cleaning products though like we might

use an alcohol sanitizing solution to

clean our hands

whiskey is an alcohol

meal

so meal refers to the type of food that

we eat at the beginning middle and end

of the day we call those

times when we eat meals

breakfast is the most important meal of

the day

breakfast is the most important meal of

the day

breakfast is the most important meal of

the day

fog

fog is a noun though you may also hear

the word foggy adjective used to talk

about this weather condition you can

imagine fog as like a lot of clouds very

very low to the ground

the city is covered in fog

hail

so hail when used to talk about weather

conditions refers to tiny or sometimes

large

balls of ice that fall from the sky it

can be quite dangerous

hail is dangerous

thunderstorm

a thunderstorm refers to a type of storm

that’s not just rain and clouds it’s

those things plus the sound of thunder

please keep in mind when we talk about

thunder and lightning in a storm thunder

is the sound and lightning is the cracks

of light

a thunderstorm is approaching

thunderstorm is approaching

aquarium

query yum

an aquarium keeps fish and other things

that like to live in water so you can

have a small aquarium in your house or

you can visit a larger aquarium that

keeps big fish and other exotic

creatures you might have an aquarium in

your city

when are we going to the aquarium

soccer

soccer is the word that we use in

american english to talk about the sport

that many other countries call football

it’s fun to play soccer

zoo

a zoo is a park for exotic animals so

many big cities have zoos you can go

there look at the animals learn

something about them and in some places

you can actually touch some of the

animals

tomorrow we’re going to the zoo

tomorrow

we’re going to the zoo

fair

so fair when used to talk about

transportation refers to how much it

costs to take a mode of transportation

or how much it costs to go from one

place to another how much is the bus

fare

how much is the bus fare

bus stop

bus

stop

a bus stop is a place along the route of

a bus so there are typically many bus

stops on a bus route it’s a location

where you can get on the bus or get off

the bus

let’s meet at the bus stop

let’s meet at

the bus stop

gram

a gram is a unit of measurement you may

not hear this word used so much to talk

about weights in american english you

might hear this more commonly used in

british english where the metric system

is used

when he was born he weighed 3 kilos and

200 grams

when he was born he weighed three kilos

and 200 grams

when he was born he weighed three kilos

and 200 grams

meter

neater

neither

so like the previous vocabulary word

meter tends to be used more often in

countries that use the metric system for

measurement a meter is often used to

talk about distances between locations

usually within walking distance

there are 100 centimeters in a meter

kilometer

a kilometer is another unit of distance

again like the previous two vocabulary

words this is more commonly used in

countries that have the metric system or

they use the metric system we used

kilometers to measure usually distances

between cities

he walked 10 kilometers

headache

head ache

a headache is a pain in your head so

when we say i have a headache it refers

to a pain that’s specifically maybe

around this area or for many people

perhaps in the back of the head

my headache is getting worse

diarrhea

diarrhea is a very very unpleasant

condition where your body has trouble

processing food and drinks correctly

maybe you have a germ or maybe you ate

something that was not good for your

stomach and so you have to use the

bathroom a lot or the way that your body

produces waste changes a bit

this medicine will stop the diarrhea

this medicine will stop the

diarrhea symptom

symptom

so a symptom is something that you

notice that gives you a clue about your

sickness so common symptoms are like

fever or a runny nose or a sore throat

these are like the parts of an illness

what are your symptoms

stomachache

sta mech ache

so a stomachache refers to again an

unpleasant feeling in the body maybe

because you ate something bad or maybe

because of an illness but a stomach ache

refers to the pain in your body the

earlier word that we talked about that

also refers to a pain or an unpleasant

feeling in the stomach refers to the

waste the body produces this one is very

very common especially among kids

stomachaches

yesterday i had a bad stomach ache

yesterday i had a bad stomachache

clean

so clean can be used as both an

adjective and as a verb when we use it

as a verb it means to make something

tidy or to organize something or to

sanitize something as in did you clean

your room did you clean your room

did you clean your room

dry

so dry can be used as a verb and as an

adjective when we use it as a verb it

can mean to remove the moisture from

something like when you dry your hair it

can also mean to leave something alone

and allow the moisture to leave that

thing for example i’m waiting for the

paint to dry

i’m waiting for the paint to dry

dust

dust can be used as both a noun and a

verb when we use dust as a noun it

refers to the very very small pieces of

dirt that we find usually in the corners

of our homes or maybe we find it on tops

of shelves and so on

i am allergic to dust

vacuum

vacuum is both a noun and a verb when we

use vacuum as a verb it means to use

a vacuum cleaner so a machinery

specifically for picking up dust to

clean our house

i have to vacuum the hallway before the

guests come

i have to vacuum the hallway before the

guests come

i have to vacuum the hallway before the

guests come

intersection

so an intersection refers to a place

where two roads meet the two roads cross

we talk about the middle point of those

roads as the

intersection there is traffic in the

intersection

there is traffic in the intersection

highway

a highway is a road that sometimes is

actually higher than other roads though

not always sometimes it’s at a regular

level but a highway is generally a place

where cars can travel very quickly

highways are generally outside of cities

or they’re above cities

traffic conditions on the highway are

normal this morning

traffic conditions on the highway are

normal this morning

traffic conditions on the highway are

normal this morning

road

so road is a very general word that we

can apply to many different situations a

highway is a type of road you can

imagine a path in the park is kind of

like a small road

your everyday city streets we can call

roads as well so basically anything that

you use to travel

usually with a car or maybe with a

bicycle is something we can call a road

there is ice on the road

street

so we use streets as a way to organize

our cities so we often use street and

road interchangeably so we tend to use

street when we’re talking maybe about

cities or in neighborhood situations

let’s cross the street

interesting

interesting is an adjective we use

interesting to describe something that

we find cool or something that sparks

our curiosity something that is exciting

to us

the title of the book seemed interesting

mean

we use the word mean to describe someone

who is unkind someone who is mean is not

nice to other people

some people are just mean and don’t want

others to be happy

some people are just mean and don’t want

others to be happy

some people are just

mean and don’t want others to be happy

bored

so bored is used to talk about your own

feelings when there’s nothing to do or

you don’t feel excited or you don’t feel

interested in something you can describe

that feeling with board remember when

you want to talk about something outside

you that doesn’t cause you to feel

interested you describe that thing as

boring your emotions bored

i’m bored

i’m

bored

seven hundred

se then hundred

when you’re counting numbers by hundreds

just put the base number before hundred

in this case seven plus hundred makes

seven hundred

this statue is seven hundred years old

800

so just like the last example 800 refers

to 8 hundredths of something

the field is 800 hectares

two hundred

so again when you’re counting by

hundreds simply put the number before

the word hundred so 200 refers to two

100s of something

we have over 200 books here

we have over two hundred books here

three hundred

again the latest example three plus

hundred refers to three one hundredths

of something you can see that in english

we don’t make a change to the number

that comes before hundred in some

languages your number that you use to

count hundreds may change according to

the sound or according to the spelling

of the word in english we do not need to

change this base number

this school has 300 students

600

our final example of hundreds today is

six hundred so again six comes before

the word hundred to refer to six one

hundredths of something

six times one hundred equals six hundred

times one hundred equals six hundred

six times one hundred equals six hundred

take out

take out so the verb take out means to

remove something from a location we

often use take out when we’re talking

about removing something from our house

or removing something from a closet we

can also use it to talk about removing

food from a restaurant when we take out

our order

can you take out the trash please

waiter

a waiter is a person at a restaurant or

perhaps a cafe that takes your order we

typically use the word waiter to talk

about staff who are male

i’ll call the waiter

weather report

where the report

a weather report is the part of the news

or maybe the part of the newspaper that

gives you information

about the weather it usually tells you

about a week in advance about what the

weather is going to be like

check the weather report before going

sailing

check the weather report before going

sailing

check the weather report before going

sailing

celsius

sell see

us celsius is the system that is used to

measure temperature typically in

countries that use the metric system you

might see it shortened as

c when you’re seeing measurements in

degrees

water freezes at 0 degrees celsius

tv show

a tv show is some kind of program on

your tv you can see on your tv or these

days we can watch on our computers as

well it’s usually a series there are

several episodes in a show so we don’t

use tv show to talk about movies we use

tv show to talk about things that have

episodes many different episodes

i always watch this tv show

jogging

ja gang

jogging is the name of a very popular

form of exercise as a verb it’s to jog

but jogging the noun form expresses the

name of the activity which is just light

running

jogging is fun

fast food

fast food is food that you can receive

quickly

generally we imagine very very big

companies like mcdonald’s or burger king

or maybe taco bell or whatever your

country has some kind of place where you

can go to get food very quickly

generally fast food is not so healthy

but there may be some healthy options

out there

i crave fast food every once in a while

park

a park is a place in your city or in

your community that’s usually big and

open and green there might be places to

sit or places for kids to play it’s a

public space that the community can use

to enjoy some fresh air and get some

exercise

let’s go to the park

traffic light

a traffic light is the light that you

see above a street when you’re using a

car or when you’re walking around your

city in many u.s cities and most u.s

cities the lights are green yellow and

red you may also hear these called

traffic signals

for your safety check the traffic lights

sign

a sign is something you see on the side

of the road or next to the road that

gives you some information about

something coming up or it gives you an

action to do a command for example stop

when you see the stop sign

stop when you see the stop sign

subway

sub way

a subway is an underground

transportation system so this is

different from a train a train is above

the ground a subway is usually below the

ground maybe in some cases the subway

comes up out of the ground or comes

outside for a short period of time but

usually subways are all underground

transportation systems

i take the subway to the office

i take the subway to the

office i take the subway to the office

train station

train station is a transportation hub

it’s a place where a train stops you can

get on and get off the train there

i can’t find the train station

500

you count by hundreds use a base

number plus the word hundred this one

means five one hundreds of something

my house is 500 meters from here

my house is

500 meters from here

999

900

so this number is special because it is

the last number that we use with the

hundred counting pattern after this

number we typically use the thousand

word to count numbers

we bought 999 chairs for the event

we bought 999 shares for the event

we bought 999

chairs for the event

101

when you’re counting three digit numbers

typically it will follow a pattern like

this number hundred and another number

it’s also extremely common to see one

hundred and one so an and before the

final number

my score was one hundred one

my score was one hundred

one my score was 101

400

so again when you’re using the hundred

counting pattern simply use the base

number plus the word hundred there is no

change to the base number when you’re

using it with hundred

one lap in the stadium is four hundred

meters long

one lap in the stadium is 400 meters

long

one lap in the stadium is 400 meters

long

900

nine hundred

so another example in the hundred

counting pattern we use nine plus

hundred to mean nine one hundreds of

something

the antique spoon was nine hundred years

old

the antique spoon was 900 years old

inch

so an inch is a small unit of

measurement we use this in the usa it’s

not used so much in countries that use

the metric system we use it to measure

everyday objects the dimensions of

everyday objects and also on like

construction sites and in places where

we are building things

i just bought a 40 inch flat screen

television

i just bought a 40 inch flat screen

television

i just bought a 40 inch flat screen

television

kilogram

kill the gram

a kilogram is a unit of measurement we

use kilograms to measure weight

you will typically see this used in

countries that use the metric system

kilogram is not so commonly used in the

u.s one kilogram is one thousand grams

one kilogram is one thousand grams

centimeter

sente meter

a centimeter is a small unit of

measurement that we use to measure the

dimensions of everyday objects and to

use when we’re planning construction

projects and so on

i need a 10 centimeter thick mattress

hey everyone welcome to the monthly

review the monthly show on language

learning

where you discover new learning

strategies motivational tips study tools

and resources

by the way all the lessons and bonuses

you’re about to see can be downloaded

for free on our website

so click the link in the description

right now to sign up for your free

lifetime account okay today’s topic is

how to get a return on your language

learning investment

language learning is an investment but

what if you’re learning but not seeing

any returns or results and do you even

know if you’re getting any results at

all

in this episode you’ll discover one why

language learners fail to see results

and why they fail two why you need to

track your language learning sessions

and three how to track your results

but first here are this month’s new

lessons and resources be sure to

download these now before we take them

down in a few days first the going to

the airport conversation cheat sheet

with this new cheat sheet you’ll learn

words and phrases like here’s my

passport boarding pass and much more

download it for free on the inside

second these slang words and phrases pdf

ebook do you know any slang in your

target language if not download this

free ebook and master all the must-know

slang across 10 chapters third

30 romance and love related words and

phrases you’ll learn words and phrases

like date flirt and breakup with this

quick vocab bonus

fourth can you talk about halloween in

your target language with this quick one

minute lesson you’ll learn must know

halloween words like vampire trick or

treat and more

to get your free resources click the

link in the description below right now

they’re yours to keep forever okay let’s

jump into today’s topic

how to get a return on your language

learning investment

part 1 one of the biggest reasons why

people fail

the first big reason people fail with

language learning is because they set

big vague goals like i want to be fluent

the problem with these goals is you

don’t know how you’ll ever go from where

you are now to achieving fluency it’s

too vague of a goal

but the second big reason is lack of

time people fail with language learning

because they don’t put in the time and

language learning is a function of time

the more you put in the better you get

you can also think of learning a

language like a gym you get out which

you put in if you buy a dumbbell and do

nothing nothing happens it can do great

things for you but it won’t work for you

until you pick it up and curl it a few

times if you put in one hour a day you

get results if you put in 10 minutes a

day you get results but if you put in

xero you get zero results and you can’t

learn a language that way

so here’s a question for you

how much time do you put into your

language learning on a daily basis leave

a comment

if you start putting in consistent time

you can also start expecting a return on

your time and this brings us to the

second part

part two why you need to track your

language learning sessions

in the first part we talked about just

putting in enough time that’s the first

important step to take but where should

you put in your time for example you can

put in 10 minutes and use an app to do

translation exercises you can put in 10

minutes and read a textbook or review a

word list for 10 minutes

in all these examples you can put in an

equal amount of time but the results you

get will be different

and that’s because different methods

give you different results and benefits

using an app may help you remember a few

words reading a textbook can boost your

vocabulary grammar and reading skills

and reviewing a word list will just help

you with the words

so the second lesson is you need to know

what kind of results you get you need to

measure the return on your time so that

you can be confident that you’re making

progress

in the case of our audio and video

lessons three or four lessons will help

you understand and speak roughly one

minute of conversation as well as learn

all words and grammar rules inside this

is the return on our lessons how is this

possible the dialogue tracks are about

20 seconds and so three lessons that’s

three conversations at 20 seconds a

piece which is 60 seconds or one minute

of conversation so if you know the three

lessons get you to one minute of

conversation

you can know what results to expect if

you do 20 lessons you’re in about five

minutes of conversation 40 lessons

that’s around 10 minutes or so of

conversation that’s the power of

measuring the results if you track your

results you know what to expect in the

future and you can hit your language

learning goals

so how can you start measuring your

return let’s jump into the third part

part 3 how to track your results and hit

goals

if you’re able to consistently put in

time towards learning and maintaining

your routine then it’s time to start

tracking your time and effort

why at the basic level language learning

is simply putting in the time you don’t

need a high iq you don’t need to be

talented at languages you don’t need the

best possible app you just need time the

more time you put in the more results

you get out and aside from setting

unrealistic goals the other reason why

people fail at languages is they just

don’t put in the time so how can you

track your results

let’s look at two ways an easy way and

an advanced way of tracking your time

and results

let’s start with the easy way first

simply track the time you put in so if

you do a 10 minute audio lesson today

and then spend five minutes with flash

cards note this as 15 minutes for the

day and write down what you did then do

the same thing tomorrow that’s it the

goal here is to track the time and your

effort you’ll want to track it and

actually have measurable proof of your

work and also so you can review what

you’ve been doing and see your progress

so if one day you realize you don’t know

enough words or maybe you don’t speak as

much as you’d like you can look at your

notes and review your work if you see

that you’ve been just watching video

lessons you can spot the problem which

is you’ve done no actual vocab study or

speaking practice and now you can start

doing it problem solved you’re on your

way to fluency

another way you can track your time and

effort is with the dashboard on our site

so if you visit the dashboard you can

see the lessons you’ve completed the

number of flashcards reviewed and hours

studied this is the second tactic and

it’s an advanced one because not only do

you need to track your time you also

need to track your results which is a

bit trickier

so how can you do that with our

conversational audio lessons check the

length of the dialog track if the dialog

track is about 20 seconds then that’s

the amount of conversation you can

expect to master by the way these tracks

are anywhere from 10 to 40 seconds long

now if you’re studying words with

flashcards take note of how many words

you already know so if you studied for 5

minutes and can easily remember 7 out of

10 words then that’s your return if you

know this you know what to expect when

you learn new words you can expect to

remember about 7 out of 10 with a 5

minute drill

another thing you can do is boost that

number to 10 out of 10.

next if you’re practicing your listening

skills try to gauge how much you

understand if you understood about 20 of

a 3-minute conversational lesson then

that’s your return for now

again by knowing this you can now start

asking questions like what can i do to

understand 50 of this conversation will

doubling my time double my results as

well will i understand 40

will reviewing this lesson for a few

minutes a day every day work better than

trying to memorize it all now

so then you put these questions to the

test and try them out and because you

know your return you can see if it

really works

so thank you for watching this episode

of monthly review next time we’ll talk

about how to boost your motivation and

learn more by adding others to the mix

if you enjoyed these tips hit the like

button share the video with anyone who’s

trying to learn a language and subscribe

to our channel we release new videos

every week and if you’re ready to

finally learn language the fast fun and

easy way and start speaking from your

very first lesson get our complete

learning program sign up for your free

lifetime account right now click the

link in the description see you next

time bye

want to perfect your pronunciation and

speak like a native

the best way to do this is one listen to

a native speaker

two repeat what they say and three the

most important part compare yourself

against their pronunciation in fact

mimicking a native speaker like this

which is called shadowing is a powerful

way to master your speaking

and you can do this all with the voice

recorder inside of our learning program

but first if you don’t yet have access

to our program sign up for a free

lifetime account right now just click

the link in the description so what

makes the voice recorder so powerful

first you can instantly spot the

differences between yourself and the

native speaker

how

the voice recorder records you and then

compares your speaking to the native

speaker

just record and listen

once you know what you need to change to

sound perfect you can adjust your

speaking and your pitch until you match

the native speaker

second you get to practice speaking the

most common words and phrases

in other words you won’t be learning to

say random words and phrases

our lessons teach you practical everyday

conversations like introducing yourself

ordering food at a restaurant talking

about where you’re from and more

the kind of conversations you’ll have

with native speakers and our vocabulary

lists teach you the must-know words and

phrases for all kinds of topics holidays

slang the many ways to say hello and

how do you use the voice recorder

you’ll find the voice recorder in our

lessons and vocabulary lists

just look for the microphone icon with

our lessons scroll down to the dialog

section the dialog section is a

line-by-line breakdown of the lesson

conversation

next to each line click on the

microphone icon to open the voice

recorder for that line

first listen to the native speaker’s

pronunciation

then click on the round record icon to

record yourself and finally play the two

tracks to compare

successful learners practice one line

three to four times to fully master the

pronunciation

now if you’re using our free vocabulary

phrase lists you’ll find the microphone

icon next to each word or phrase again

click on the icon to record and compare

yourself to the native pronunciation

so if you want to speak like a native

with perfect pronunciation take

advantage of this voice recorder which

is available in every lesson and

vocabulary list but if you don’t yet

have access sign up for a free lifetime

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[音乐]

大家好，我的名字是这节课的艾丽西亚

我' 我将讨论

现在完成时

和过去完成时之间的一些区别这是两个

经常混淆的语法点所以在

本课中我将比较

这两者的用法

并给出

一些我希望的例句展示

它们的不同应用方式，让我们

开始吧

我想通过

谈论现在完成时来开始

这

节课我

想在本课中首先讨论现在

完成时的两个用法

虽然让我们在这里阅读解释

我们使用现在完成时来

表达从过去开始

并继续到现在的动作所以现在

意味着现在

或动作的效果继续

到现在，

所以

视觉上显示的这个解释可能看起来像

这样这两条线

从过去到现在，所以这是一个

时间线，这颗星代表现在这个

方向是未来，

这里是过去，

所以我们使用现在完成时

描述开始的动作，如果这是

我的起点，

让我们从过去开始，一直持续

到现在，

我们也可以用它来描述

从过去开始的动作，并且

该动作的效果一直持续到

现在也可以将这个语法点与

动词的进行形式或连续形式一起使用记住这

是动词的 ing 形式

以强调 contin 使用动作，所以

如果你真的想表明

某件事一直在继续，

并且可能会在你的谈话之后继续

，这有助于表明

动作将持续到未来

你可以以动词的形式使用它，

我们也使用现在完成时

for life 过去某个未指定

时间点的经验

所以未指定意味着不清楚

该动作何时发生，或者该动作何时发生并不

重要我们

只想在时间轴上表达

生活经历

这可能看起来像

这样虚线表示某个时间

过去我们不知道确切的时间，

但是有生活经验

发生了一些事情，我们将其用于旅行工作

经验

等过去所以

考虑到这些要点让我们看

一些例句，这些例句向我们展示了如何使用

现在完成时

第一个例句

我去过法国 ih 去过

法国这是一个非常基本的现在

完成时句子

这实际上是一个简单的生活经历

陈述所以我提到我们使用

现在完成时来表达生活

经历我去过法国

向我们展示了在过去的某个时候

演讲者有访问法国的经历，

正如我所说，这是一个

非常基本的句子，

当我们使用现在

完成的句子

时使用现在

完成来刷新

这里我们使用 i 作为我们的主语

，

我的动词是 be 所以过去分词

形式是 bin

i have been in this case to france，所以

这指的是一个简单的生活经历

让我们看看

她一直在学习英语的另一个例子

三年她已经学习了三年英语在

这里我们看到

一个动词以渐进形式使用

所以这表明这是一个

在这种情况下继续的动作我们有

更多的信息 o 这个动作已经

持续了三年

这意味着

在这个

对话发生的时间点

她处于这种情况这个另一个人

她已经连续研究

了三年所以让我们想象

过去的这个时间点是她的

起点她的学习起点她已经

学习了三年所以这个时间

段是三年这就是这

句话告诉我们的她一直在

这里学习你也会

注意到这个模式遵循

我之前提到的这个模式

或这里的渐进动词

遵循过去分词动词形式，所以这

向我们展示了我们可以使用的持续动作

一个星期，

所以在这里我们谈论的是一种情况，

所以

我们不能用sick作为动词，我们不能说

sicking that doesn’t work他一直

生病所以sick是在描述一个人' s

状态他们身体的状态它

不是在谈论一个动作他没有

在做某事这是他的状态

我们想表达这种状态

在过去的情况下开始了

一周所以过去的这一点是一周

前他一直生病了，

所以

也许我们可以说他在这里病得很重

，然后他的病情有所好转，

但我们不会在

日常对话中如此具体地谈论我们

可能会使用这样的东西

他已经病了一个星期所以这个

向我们展示

了他的病可能会产生一些影响也许会继续

我们可以根据我们自己的

经验

猜测这意味着什么所以他已经病了

一个星期向我们表明有人

在这里开始了病态并且持续

了这段时间它可能继续，

但是我们在这里只讨论这个

时间点，因为这不是一个

动作，所以使用这个简单的短语是

非常自然的，

好吧，

让我们继续看一个

使用现在完美这个的例句

我从来没有写过一本书

没有生活经验

这是

一种描述

没有生活经验的

情况句子

我写了一本书意味着

在过去的某个时候我有过

写一

本书的经验但是这意味着没有经验

我在这里提到了这一点

我有

一个现在

完成时的发音点是关于这个

当我们使用 have 时减少声音的缩短，如 i have 或 we

have

我们在快速语音中发出 av 声音 i have

变成 ive we have 变成 weave

当主题是他或她或

它

时，例如他或她有减少

到他的

she’s so there’s this z sound that

occur

in this case I’ve used i’ve so please

keep this point to mind this point we’ll see

something different with the

past perfect time so this is a refresh of the

present Perfect time if you’d 想

了解更多关于现在完成时的信息

，在

英语课 101 频道上还有一些其他视频，您可以

查看更多例句和一些

更详细的解释，

所以让我们再次将其与

过去完成时进行比较

，我这里有一个现在的图表

现在，未来和过去

你可能很快就能看到的一个关键区别

是，这里

涉及的

所有情况都在

过去，

所以

我们不是在谈论现在，这里的

一切都发生在过去

，我们在这里谈论

过去和现在之间的关系

所以记住这一点

这些句子可以用来

谈论过去发生的事情

继续然后在

某个时间点停止 uh ime，所以让我们

看看解释

我们使用过去完成时来表达

从过去开始

并持续到过去特定时间点

的动作，所以这是一个动作是的，或者它可以

是一个条件，例如我们

谈到了一个人生病了，

这是一种状况或状态的一个很好的例子，

因此过去开始一直持续到过去的

特定点，

也许发生了什么事情

改变了它，或者我们只想指出

这是过去的一个重要点

我' 稍后将展示一些示例

我们可以将过去完成时

再次与进行时一起使用动词的 ing 形式

我们使用 this 我们倾向于将 this 与

when

加上过去时态动词（例如

使用过去时态动词的从句）一起使用，我们这样

做显示一个被打断的动作，

所以这里的图像是一个动作正在

继续继续继续，我们

用过去完成来描述这个动作

发生了什么

我们用什么时候来标记那个点，然后

我们在 sh 中添加一个过去时动词从句

现在发生的事情又发生了，我稍后会

展示一个例子，

最后我们可以将它用于

过去真实的生活体验，所以

也许有些事情发生了变化，但我们

想谈谈过去真实的事情

或者过去发生的事情或

过去的情况可能

不同或很重要，嗯，

谈论与经验的关系

现在这是一个复杂的问题，所以让我们

先看一些使用这个的例子，

我

去过 10 个国家到我 25 岁生日，

让我们

在这里分解这个

句子时态

我们需要共轭我们需要将

这个动词更改为过去时所以

我们使用过去完成时加上

过去分词动词形式在这种情况下我

很好所以我去过

个国家这是反射

我 25 岁生日之前的过去生活经历，

所以可以标记一个时间点，

直到这个时间点，

所以在这里让我们根据我们知道的时间线来看看这个，

到我 25 岁生日是关键

时间点这句话，我们看到过去

完成时态用来解释这种

情况

我去过 10 个国家，所以这是我的

生活经历，所以我们可以想象

这是演讲者在此之前的 25 岁生日，

或者更确切地说是这个人生命中的这个时间点

他或她访问过的经历去过

10 个国家，

所以我们用过去完成时来表示，所以

如果你想讲一个

故事，或者你正在谈论逐渐

获得生活经验，所以这很有用，所以演讲者

正在谈论他们的 25 岁生日，

这

表明这是一个过去的时间点，

所以这就是我们如何解释

这些生活经历，

逐渐学习、成长和做

其他事情

让我们看另一个例子，

一个被打断的动作

我们已经在这个项目上工作

了三周

，但它突然

被取消了

我们已经在这个项目上工作

了三周，但它突然

被取消了，所以在这里我们看到了

我提到的一个重要的暗示词，当我

在这里谈到

时出现在一个简单的过去时

陈述之前，在这种情况下是被动的，它

突然被取消了，所以这是

我在这里使用

的过去时部分

在项目上工作了三周

，

但突然被取消了，所以当

标志着持续行动中的变化点，

所以这可能是我们的

团队在这里持续工作

的项目，项目突然被取消，

我们使用何时标记中断

或停止点

所以我们用这个 uh 和进行

时态，因为发生了一个实际的动作，

我们不会像

我去过 10 个国家那样使用它，

所以不像一个人不断

地从一个国家移动到另一个国家，这

听起来一点也不自然我们

只想在这里谈论生活经历

这句话然而向我们展示了这个

动作就像我们一直在工作一样不停地继续

这是一个继续的

主题，但被打断了我们的

打断用when和

过去式从句标记

好了，

让我们再看一种复杂的

，这使用了否定我

在这里谈到了这个否定我从来没有

写过一本书

让我们看看如何我们可能会

使用过去完成时的否定

我在访问日本之前从未吃过寿司

所以这里我提到了另一个发音点

我们使用

并且

当我们减少我有他有

现在完成时的模式

当我们使用过去完成时我们有一个

类似的减少，但因为我们只

使用了我们刚刚发出的广告声音，我

变成了我，我们变成了杂草，所以有

一个小的 d 声音，所以

我在访问

日本之前从来没有吃过寿司我从来没有吃过寿司在我

访问日本之前，所以在这里我们有

一个很好的提示

过去时情况过去时从句

所以在我访问日本之前所以这里是一个

关键时间点，所以演讲

者有访问日本的经验，

所以在演讲者之前访问过日本

没有

吃寿司的经验，

所以我们表示

我在访问日本之前从未吃过寿司，你可能会听到

有人说我

在访问日本之前从未吃过寿司，这也可以，

但我们正在沟通的关键点

在

最近的经验之前缺乏过去的经验，所以我们使用

过去完成来显示

过去情况

之间的这些关系，过去的行动过去的条件

等等，所以当我们想要非常

具体地了解我们的时间线时，

我们可以使用过去的完美和简单的过去

式来做到这一点，所以一个非常好的规则

是，如果你正在讲述一个过去

时的故事，一个过去发生的故事

，你想展示前夕的顺序

nts

对最近的动作使用简单的过去对

过去更远的动作使用过去的完美，

并尽量不要

在一个句子中放置太多信息

两个项目很好，所以如果你

想这样做，那很清楚，但如果你

有一个句子中有太多动作，这

可能会变得非常混乱，所以

再次使用过去完美来

表示过去更远的

动作，例如过去最远的动作完成

最近的动作使用简单过去

时来谈论它，

所以

这是一个快速介绍

过去完成时和

现在完成时之间的区别我希望你

找到一些可以使用的东西，我

希望它可以帮助你更清楚地讲述你的

故事，当然如果你

有任何问题或意见，或者如果你

想练习制作一些句子

或故事可以

随意在这个视频的评论部分这样做，

如果你喜欢

这个课程，请不要忘记给

它一个大拇指

如果你还没有订阅我们的频道已经，请

在englishclass101.com上查看我们的

其他一些可以帮助

您学习英语的东西

非常感谢您观看本课，我

很快就会再见到大家，再见，

大家好，我的名字是

本课的艾丽西亚我' 我要谈论 but and yet

并且我将专注于

我们可以使用的两个词性但是对于这

两个词性但是我们需要

记住产生的不同含义

所以让我们开始吧

我想谈论的第一个词性

是使用但是作为

一个连词，所以当我说

词性时，我指的是

这个词在句子中的功能，所以这在

语法上意味着这个词的目的

是什么这个词的工作是什么在句子中，

所以连词是用来

使两个想法结合在一起

的词类似的短语，我们也可以使用

但是我们可以使用但是作为

连词，当使用这些作为

连词时，它们的含义相同，因此

我们可以连接我们的想法，它们具有

但是的含义，因此它们

具有相同的含义相同的功能

连词

听起来比但听起来更正式，所以我们

倾向于在我们使用的大多数日常情况中更正式的情况下使用它，

但是

为了连接我们的想法，这听起来太

正式太礼貌而无法使用但在大多数

日常对话中，让我们

先看一些

我们想要的例子去购物，但我们在这里

没有时间

，但是将

这个想法与我们想去

购物的这个想法联系起来，

我们没有时间，所以没有时间意味着

我们用完了所有的时间，我们没有

剩余的时间，所以我们将这些想法

与结合，但

另一个例子

你说晚餐是二十美元，

但实际上是五十美元在这里

又是两个想法在这种

情况下你说晚餐是二十

美元过去十 se 陈述，

但实际上是 50，所以这是一个现在

时陈述，我们将这些想法与之联系起来

，但

现在让我们看看一些例子，我们

可能会使用它们作为连词，

他们在冠军赛中尽了最大的努力，

但我们被击败了，

所以在这里我们重新展示可能是一支

在冠军赛中努力工作

的球队，

但他们被击败了，所以是的，我们

可以使用这个词，但在这里他们尽了

最大的努力，但我们被击败了，这

也可以

使用，但这里显示它有点

正式情况也许这场

冠军赛对这支球队非常重要，或者

它就像是整个体育界的一场非常重要的比赛，

所以它提升了

形式，又

一个例子，

她说她对这份工作不感兴趣

她发送了申请，所以在这里

点 a 她说她不感兴趣，

但她发送了申请，所以再次在这里

这可能就像与工作