How to Use English Modals Can vs Could Ask Alisha
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This week we’re doing a pronunciation roundup,
let’s go!
Hi, everybody, welcome back to Ask Alisha,
the weekly series where you ask me questions
and I answer them, maybe!
The first question is from the wrong spreadsheet.
Okay, first question this week comes from
Danny.
Danny says, “How do we say the ‘TH’
sound naturally?
Sometimes I can’t stick my tongue out too
much when speaking or, for example, when I
say something in a long sentence quickly.”
A couple things to consider.
One, there are two ‘TH’ sounds.
There’s the “TH” sound, like in “think;”
and “this.”
Whereas Danny’s talking about, your tongue
kind of sticks out between your teeth, but
it’s not such a big motion, actually, so it’s
not like you have to be really dramatic with
how much you stick your tongue out, like “tha.”
It’s a bit too much.
Maybe when you practice, you can do that to
kind of get used to how it feels but when
I say that sound, when native speakers make
that “TH” sound, we’re only sticking our
tongue out a tiny bit, a really small bit
between our teeth.
So, “think.”
It’s like the tip of the tongue only, so with
practice, that sound will get easier.
The other sound, though, with “TH,” is
something we hear in a word like, ‘the’,
‘the’, so the tongue is actually, like,
just touching the back of my teeth.
“The,” or maybe like the back of my teeth
and the top of my mouth a little bit, the
way that the sound is produced is a little
bit different.
So, when I say “think” and “the,”
there are a little bit different sounds, so
keep this in mind.
If you’re trying to say “the,” don’t use
the motion to pronounce the word “think.”
If I’m saying “the,” “the,” “the”
with a really exaggerated “TH” sound like
in “think,” it’s going to slow me down.
So, think about that.
Next question!
Next question comes from Maxim.
Hi Maxim!
Maxim says, “How do you pronounce, ‘I
shouldn’t have done it,’ ‘I couldn’t have
done it,’ and ‘I wouldn’t have done it,’?”
So, here, these are negative past perfect
statements.
I’m using kind of exaggerated pronunciation
here, “I should not have” becomes “shouldn’t’ve,”
but a native speaker, a native English speaker,
an American English speaker will say “shouldn’t
a,” “shouldn’t have done it,” “couldn’t
have done it,” and “wouldn’t have done
it.”
“Wouldn’t’ve” and “couldn’t’ve” have
that same “vu” sound, but again, it makes
it hard to say all of those sounds clearly
in speech if we’re focusing a lot on saying
those sounds clearly in speech, our speaking
slows down, so we say “shouldna,” “couldna,”
“wouldna.”
“Shouldn’t have,” “couldn’t have,”
and “wouldn’t have.”
I guess it’s sort of the in-between like the
medium kind of pronunciation there but when
speaking rapidly a very fast like native level
speed will say, “shouldna”, “couldna”
and “wouldna.”
So, give those a try, “shouldna,” “couldna,”
“wouldna,” “shouldn’t have,” “couldn’t
have,” “wouldn’t have,” “should
not have,” “could not have,” “would
not have,” “shouldna,” “couldna,”
“wouldna.”
Hope that helps.
Okay, next follow-up question.
Now, follow-up question to this question comes
from Sunil.
Sunil, hi.
Sunil asks, “Can we use “could” for
the future?”
So, I’m guessing this is talking about future
plans, in which case yes you can.
When you’re thinking about something you
want to do or you’re trying to decide what
you might do, you can use “could” just
to talk about the possibility of something.
We use could to say something is just possible.
For example, “I could go to the beach this
weekend,” or “I could sleep in late tomorrow
if I want to,” or “I could go and visit
my parents next week.”
So, these are all statements of just simple
possibility.
We’re not saying, “I’m going to do that,”
or, “Maybe I’ll do that.”
We’re only saying that it is possible so
that’s what we use “could” for.
If we’re talking about future plans, yes,
we can use “could” for simple possibility.
Next question is another follow-up question.
Follow-up question to from Bahar.
Hi Bahar.
Bahar says, “My question is about ‘can’
and ‘could.’
When I want to use these when asking for something
how do I use can and could in the right situation?”
When you’re making a request, “can”
is going to sound more casual, “could”
is going to sound a little more polite.
If you’re visiting a friend’s house, you
can say, “Can I have something to drink?”
or “Could I have something to drink?”
“Could” sounds more polite in that case.
“Can” is probably a little more natural
since they’re your friend.
If you are, however, at like someone’s office,
you’re visiting a colleague you might instead
use, “Could I have something to drink?”
or “Could I have a glass of water?” that
sounds a little more formal.
If you’re worried, just go with “could”
it sounds a little more polite.
It’s always correct.
And, Bahar has a second question “Are ‘would’
and ‘might’ similar a little bit and do
both of them consist of possibility?”
Yes and no.
“Would” is used to talk about potential
situation.
So, we’ve talked about on this series before
a pattern like, “if I were blah blah blah,
I would…” like, “If I were a teacher,
I would teach Math,” or “If I were rich,
I would buy a house.”
So, we use “would” to talk about unreal
situations.
In terms of like actual possibility, like
future plans, we don’t really use “would”
in that way.
“Might,” however, yes, we do use “might”
to talk about possibilities.
We use “may” and “might” to talk about
something that has a fairly good chance, maybe
like a 30% to 50% chance or so of happening
like, “I may study later,” or “I might
meet up with my friends for dinner tonight.”
The difference between “may” and “might”
in American English in this usage, in terms
of talking about possibility, is that “might”
is more casual.
“Might” is more often used in daily conversation.
“May” sounds a bit formal, “may” sounds
like a little bit too polite in most situations.
“Might is the one we use.
So, “might” refers to possibility.
“I might do something,” “He might do
something,” “I might not do something
as well.”
So, in these situations, “might” is used
for possibility, yes.
So, “would” is used more to talk about
potential, potential in an unreal situation.
Next question!
The next question comes from Hung Mai Lyn.
I hope I pronounced it right.
Hung Mai Lyn says, “Hi, how do you pronounce,
‘I’d like’ and ‘I like,’ please.
Thank you so much.”
Aha!
This is a very common question.
“I’d like” versus “I like.”
Lots of people asked to how do I listen for
the difference between these two, “I’d
like” and “I like.”
I’m trying to pronounce it very clearly
right now.
“I’d like” and “I like,” of course,
there’s a “D” sound but when native
speakers speak quickly, the “D” sound
kind of disappears.
“I’d like to,” “I like to.”
My tongue touches the top of my mouth when
I make the “D” sound.
“I’d like,” I think a better key to
help you when you’re listening for this
sound, and I think that this is something
native speakers unconsciously do, is we listen
for the grammar in the entire sentence.
We’re not listening specifically for the
“I like” or the “I’d like” there.
We’re listening to the grammar in the sentence.
If, for example, it’s at a restaurant and
you say “I’d like a beer, please.”
That sentence makes sense meaning “I would
like a beer, please.”
If we say, “I like a beer, please,” it’s
grammatically incorrect.
“I like beer,” is correct.
“I like beer,” or “I’d like a beer,”
“I would like a beer,” those sentences
are correct but they communicate different
things.
So, listen for the grammar in the sentence.
If you can listen to the grammar of the sentence,
overall, it can help you identify, “Did
the speaker say “I like” or “I’d like?”
This is a key point I think.
Next question comes from Aya, Aya, Hi Aya!
“How do I pronounce words like ‘important,’
‘written’ and ‘mountain’ in an American
accent.”
Ah!
“Important,” “written,” and “mountain”
all have these “T” sounds in the middle
of the word but native speakers don’t pronounce
the “T” sound clearly like I just did.
Instead, we say, “impor’nt,” “wri’n,”
“moun’n.”
This has like an apostrophe sound, almost.
So, “important,” “impor’nt,” we
drop the “T” sound or it sounds very soft.
So, this is how these three words are pronounced.
You might hear this in other words, too.
Thanks for the question though.
Next question!
Next question comes from Kesavarish?
Casavarasch?
Sorry.
“What is the difference between ‘tonight’
and ‘this night’?”
We use “tonight” in everyday conversation.
“What are you doing tonight?”
“Where are you going tonight?”
“Tonight, I want to,” “Tonight, I’m
going to blah blah blah.”
We only use “this night” for like very
formal speeches, for example.
“Tonight” is the one that we use in everyday
conversation.
Those are all the questions that I want to
answer this week.
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Bye-bye!
Hmm! Pronunciation is hard.