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Lots of grammar points this week.

Hi everybody!

Welcome back to Ask Alisha, the weekly series where you ask me questions and I answer them.

Maybe!

First question!

First question this week comes from Ricardo Villaroel.

Hi again.

Hi Alisha, what are reflexive verbs?

If you have a reflexive verb, you have to use a reflexive pronoun?

Like "yourself"?

First, to begin the answer to this question, a reflexive verb is a verb where the subject

and the direct object of the verb refer to the same thing.

Maybe in some languages there are verbs that are like, specifically called reflexive verbs.

But in English, we have verbs that we can just use reflexively.

So, some examples would be like, "I discipline myself," or "he cut himself," or "she hit

herself in the face."

So in each of these examples, the subject and the direct object – they both refer

to the same person.

Or the same actor, essentially.

So yes, when we use a verb reflexively, we need to follow the verb with a reflexive pronoun.

However, if you're using a verb that's like a really common action, for example, so like,

a daily action.

Like taking a shower, or like shaving, for example – If you say, like, "I showered

myself this morning," or like, "he shaved himself this morning..."

In those cases, in those really common examples, we already know the direct object of that

verb.

We can already guess, because it's a very common action.

So you don't really need to say, like, "I showered myself this morning."

Just say, "I showered this morning," because we can already guess the direct object of

that verb.

So, for super common actions, we can drop it unless you want to add emphasis for some

reason.

But yes, when you use a verb reflexively like that, the reflexive pronoun (like himself,

herself, myself, ourselves, themselves) – that should match the subject.

So yes, yes.

That was kind of a long answer, but yes.

Next question!

Comes from Galina.

Hi, Galina.

How do you make tag questions with modal verbs and with "have," "has," "had to," thank you

in advance.

OK.

So to start this one, tag questions are like mini questions that

come after a short statement.

These are things that we use to get agreement from the person listening or maybe sometimes

we actually do want to check – we want to confirm something with someone else, but they're

kind of just like short, small questions.

So your question is about how to use modal verbs and maybe auxiliary verbs.

Auxiliary verbs are like linking verbs.

Basically, the tag question goes at the end of the statement.

And whatever verb you use in the main statement—in the main sentence there—you'll use that

same verb in your tag question.

He hasn't come to work yet, has he?

They haven't called yet, have they?

You could hear me, couldn't you?

In the first one, "he hasn't come to work, has he?"

So, he has not come.

We're using the present perfect tense there.

He has not come to work yet, has he?

So, this tag question, "has he?"

uses the same verb that we used in the main part of the sentence; he HASN'T come.

The same auxiliary verb there.

The second sentence is the same: "they haven't called yet, have they?"

So here, the auxiliary verb "haven't" is used.

"Haven't called" is matched with "have they."

In the last one: "you could hear me, couldn't you?"

We see the positive "could" is in the main part of the sentence.

And the negative "couldn't" is in the tag question.

So you should be using the opposite form of the verb.

So, if the main part of the sentence is positive, you should use a negative in your tag question,

and vice versa.

If the main part of your sentence has a negative verb, use the positive form in the tag question.

Next question!

Next question comes from Alex Fang.

Hi, Alex.

Alex says: Sometimes I hear people say the words "then" and "though" at the end of sentences.

What does that mean?

For example, if you say a sentence like, "if you're not going, I'm not going to go, then."

So, we use "then" to show cause and effect.

It's like an if-then sort of thing.

If you're not going to go, then I'm not going to go.

But native speakers maybe we just casually add it to the end of the sentence, or we just

change the position.

So "then" is showing like a cause and effect sort of relationship there.

Though, however, is used just like "but," but we put it at the end of the sentence.

For example, if you go to see a movie.

One person says, "the theater was really crowded!"

And person B says, "yeah, the movie was really good, though."

So that "though" is like a "but," but it's at the end of the sentence.

If you say, "though, the movie was really good," you CAN say it, but using "though"

at the beginning of a sentence sounds a little more formal.

You could say, "but the movie was really good."

But I think that the – The person who is responding to the complaint ("the theater

was really crowded") is agreeing.

They're saying, "yeah, the movie was really good, though."

So it's kind of like a way of softening a little bit of a different opinion.

A different point.

So "though," think of "though" as "but" at the end of a sentence.

Hope that's helpful.

Next question!

Comes from Eduardo!

Hello, Eduardo.

Eduardo says: What's the difference between "like" and "as" and "such as"?

Ah!

Okay.

I explained this – I talked about "like" and "as" in episode 4 of this series, so check

that out.

"Such as" is used in the same way as we use "like" to introduce examples.

But "such as" tends to sound a little bit more formal.

So check that video if you want to see some more details.

Next question!

Comes from...Tomoya.

What is the difference?

How do you use "in," "on," and "at"?

Aha, another one.

Okay, so, many of you ask questions similar to this one.

So, if you haven't, please check out the videos that we have on this channel.

I've talked about how to use prepositions of location and prepositions of time, and

I've talked a little bit about using "at" and "in" and "on" and some other prepositions.

So I would recommend: start with these videos.

Those might answer some of your questions.

Next question!

Is from Weldo Carvalho.

Weldo Carvalho?

Carvalho?

I think?

Weldo says: Is there any difference between "do not have" and "have not"?

Thanks.

Yes, there are big differences.

Used in a complete sentence, they have very different functions.

They have different purposes.

So, for example, like, "I do not have a dog," or "you do not have any money."

Those sentences express not possessing something.

I do not own a dog.

I do not own any money.

That's something I personally do not hold, do not have.

However, "have not" could be used in like a present perfect statement.

"I have not been to France."

"You have not given me my money back."

So "do not have" means something I do not possess.

But "have not" could refer to a present perfect statement; a negative present perfect statement,

meaning "lack of experience in something."

Lack of life experience.

Yes, they do have different grammatical functions, so please be careful.

Next question!

Comes from Brahim Rouabah.

Brahim Rouabah, maybe?

Brahim says: Hi Alisha, how can I think in English?

Because I always need to translate in my head.

Great, I answered this in this video.

This is the very first question I answered in this video, so please take a look at that

for a few different ways; a few tips to help you maybe stop translating in your head.

I recommend: start here.

Next question!

Comes from Gerson Silva.

Hi, Gerson!

Gerson asks: Do I need to use the auxiliary verbs "do" and "does" always when I want to

make questions in a casual conversation?

If you want to make a simple "yes" or "no" question, yeah.

"Do you eat lunch every day?"

Or, "Does he have a pet?"

For a simple "yes" or "no" question, yes, you should use "do," or "does" to make those.

If, however, you want to ask an information question, you should use one of those "wh"

words, like who, which, where, when, what, for example.

Or how.

So, if you want to make a yes or no question, yes, use "do" or "does" to start your question.

That's for present tense sentences.

If you want to ask an information question, you can use one of the "wh" questions to do

that.

So, that's the last question that I want to answer for today.

Thank you, as always, for sending all of your great questions.

Please please please make sure to send your questions to EnglishClass101.com/ask-alisha

So that's the page to send your questions for this video series, so please check that

out and send your questions there.

If you liked the video, please make sure to give it a thumbs up, subscribe to our channel,

and check us out at EnglishClass101.com for other good stuff too.

Thanks very much for watching this episode of Ask Alisha!

I will see you again next week!

Bye-bye!

{{}}

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本周语法点很多。

大家好你们好！

欢迎回到 Ask Alisha，这是每周一次的系列 ，你问我问题，我回答。

或许！

第一个问题！

本周的第一个问题来自 Ricardo Villaroel。

你好，我们又见面了。

嗨 Alisha，什么是反身动词？

如果你有反身动词，你必须 使用反身代词吗？

比如“自己”？

首先，要开始回答这个问题 ，反身动词是动词的主语

和直接宾语指 的是同一事物。

也许在某些语言中 有类似的动词，特别是反身动词。

但是在英语中，我们有动词，我们 可以反身使用。

所以，一些例子就像，“我自律 ”或“他割伤自己”或“她打

自己的脸”。

所以在这些例子中，主语 和直接宾语——它们都

指的是同一个人。

或者本质上是同一个演员。

所以是的，当我们反身使用动词时，我们 需要在动词后面加上反身代词。

但是，如果您使用的动词就像 一个非常常见的动作，例如，so like，

一个日常动作。

比如洗澡，或者刮胡子 ——如果你说

，“我今天早上给自己洗澡了”，或者“ 他今天早上刮胡子了……”

在这些情况下，在那些非常常见的例子中， 我们 已经知道那个动词的直接宾语

。

我们已经可以猜到了，因为这是一个非常 常见的动作。

所以你真的不需要说，“ 我今天早上给自己洗澡了。”

只需说“我今天早上洗澡了”，因为 我们已经可以猜到那个动词的直接宾语了

。

所以，对于超级常见的动作，我们可以放弃 它，除非你出于某种原因想要增加重点

。

但是，是的，当你像这样反身使用动词时 ，反身代词（如他自己、

她自己、我自己、我们自己、他们自己）—— 应该与主语相匹配。

所以是的，是的。

这是一个很长的答案，但是是的。

下一个问题！

来自加林娜。

嗨，加琳娜。

你如何用情态动词 和“有”、“有”、“必须”来做标记问题，

谢谢。

行。

所以要开始这个， 标签问题就像

是在简短陈述之后出现的小问题。

这些是我们用来获得听众同意的东西， 或者有时

我们确实想检查一下——我们想 与其他人确认某事，但它们

有点像简短的小问题。

所以你的问题是关于如何使用情态 动词，也许还有助动词。

助动词就像连接动词。

基本上，标签问题出现在 语句的末尾。

无论你在主要陈述中使用什么动词—— 在主句中——你都会

在你的标签问题中使用相同的动词。

他还没来上班吧？

他们还没有打电话，是吗？

你能听到我的声音，不是吗？

在第一个中，“他还没来上班 ，是吗？”

所以，他没有来。

我们在那里使用现在完成时。

他还没来上班，是吗？

所以，这个标签问题，“他有吗？”

使用我们在句子主要部分中使用的相同动词 ； 他还没来。

那里有相同的助动词。

第二句话是一样的：“他们还没有 打电话，是吗？”

所以这里使用了助动词“haven't”。

“还没有打电话”与“有他们”相匹配。

在最后一个：“你能听到我的声音，不是 吗？”

我们看到积极的“可以”在句子的主要 部分。

否定的“不能”在标签 问题中。

所以你应该使用动词的相反 形式。

所以，如果句子的主要部分是肯定的， 你应该在你的标签问题中使用否定

，反之亦然。

如果句子的主要部分有否定 动词，请在标记问题中使用肯定形式。

下一个问题！

下一个问题来自 Alex Fang。

嗨，亚历克斯。

亚历克斯说： 有时我听到人们 在句末说“那么”和“虽然”。

这意味着什么？

例如，如果你说“如果 你不去，那我就不去”这样的句子。

所以，我们用“then”来表示因果。

这就像一个 if-then 之类的事情。

如果你不去，那我也不 去。

但说母语的人可能只是随便 把它加到句尾，或者只是

换个位置。

所以“那么”在那里表现出一种因果 关系。

然而，虽然像“但是”一样使用， 但我们把它放在句子的末尾。

例如，如果你去看电影。

一个人说：“剧院真的很拥挤！”

B 说：“是的，不过这部电影真的 很棒。”

所以“虽然”就像一个“但是”，但它 在句子的末尾。

如果你说“虽然，这部电影真的 很棒”，你可以说，但在句首使用“虽然”

听起来 更正式一些。

你可以说，“但是这部电影真的很棒。”

但我认为—— 回应投诉的人（“

剧院真的很拥挤”）表示同意。

他们说，“是的，不过这部电影真的 很棒。”

所以这有点像软化不同意见的一种方式 。

一个不同的点。

所以“虽然”把“虽然”想成句末的“但是” 。

希望这会有所帮助。

下一个问题！

来自爱德华多！

你好，爱德华多。

Eduardo 说： “like”和“as”和“such as”有什么区别？

啊!

好的。

我解释了这一点——我 在这个系列的第 4 集中谈到了“喜欢”和“喜欢”，所以看看吧

。

“例如”的使用方式与我们使用 “喜欢”来介绍示例的方式相同。

但是“例如”听起来 更正式一些。

因此，如果您想查看更多详细信息，请查看该视频 。

下一个问题！

来自...友也。

有什么区别？

你如何使用“in”、“on”和“at”？

啊哈，另一个。

好的，所以，你们中的许多人都会问与这个类似的问题 。

因此，如果您还没有，请查看 我们在此频道上的视频。

我已经谈到了如何使用 位置介词和时间介词，并且

我已经谈到了使用“at” 和“in”和“on”以及其他一些介词。

所以我建议：从这些视频开始。

这些可能会回答你的一些问题。

下一个问题！

来自韦尔多·卡瓦略。

韦尔多·卡瓦略？

卡瓦略？

我认为？

韦尔多说： “没有”和“没有”有什么区别吗？

谢谢。

是的，有很大的不同。

用在一个完整的句子中，它们有非常 不同的功能。

他们有不同的目的。

因此，例如，“我没有狗” 或“你没有钱”。

那些句子表示不拥有某物。

我没有养狗。

我没有任何钱。

那是我个人不持有的东西， 没有。

但是，“没有”可以 像现在完美陈述一样使用。

“我没去过法国。”

“你还没有把我的钱还给我。”

所以“没有”意味着我没有的东西 。

但是“没有”可以指现在完成的 陈述； 一个否定的现在完美陈述，

意思是“对某事缺乏经验”。

生活经验不足。

是的，它们确实有不同的语法功能， 所以请小心。

下一个问题！

来自卜拉欣鲁阿巴。

也许是卜拉欣鲁阿巴？

布拉欣说：嗨，艾丽莎，我怎么能用 英语思考？

因为我总是需要在脑海中翻译。

太好了，我在这个视频中回答了这个问题。

这是我在此视频中回答的第一个问题 ，因此请

以几种不同的方式查看该问题； 一些提示可以帮助 您停止翻译。

我建议：从这里开始。

下一个问题！

来自格尔森席尔瓦。

嗨，格尔森！

格尔森问： 我在随意的谈话中想提问时，是否需要总是使用助动词“do”和“does”

？

如果您想提出一个简单的“是”或“否” 问题，是的。

“你每天都吃午饭吗？”

或者，“他有宠物吗？”

对于简单的“是”或“否”问题，是的， 您应该使用“做”或“做”来做这些。

但是，如果您想问一个信息 问题，您应该使用其中一个“wh”

词，例如谁、哪个、哪里、何时、什么 。

或者如何。

因此，如果您想提出是或否的问题， 是的，请使用“do”或“does”来开始您的问题。

那是用于现在时的句子。

如果你想问一个信息问题， 你可以使用“wh”问题之一来做到

这一点。

所以，这是我今天要回答的最后一个问题 。

一如既往地感谢您发送您所有的 好问题。

请务必将您的 问题发送到EnglishClass101.com/ask-alisha

所以这是发送您 对这个视频系列的问题的页面，所以请

检查并在那里发送您的问题。

如果您喜欢该视频，请 务必点赞，订阅我们的频道，

并在 EnglishClass101.com 上查看我们的 其他好东西。

非常感谢您观看这一 集 Ask Alisha！

我下周再见！

再见！