How to Give Extra Details in English with Relative Clauses
oh hi everybody welcome back to our
weekly live stream my name is Alisha and
today we’re going to talk about how to
explain details with relative clauses
today we’re going to talk a lot about
grammar so there’s a lot to cover so
we’re going to start in about a minute
or two so as you join please make sure
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okay so let’s get it started first let’s
begin over here what is a relative
clause what is a relative clause this is
today’s focus grammar point a relative
Clause is like a long adjective so
adjectives are words that give us more
information about nouns so for example
interesting or boring or beautiful or
delicious these are all adjectives a
relative clause is like a group of words
together that has the same function or
it acts the same way as an adjective so
this is what we’re going to focus on
today to give lots of details in our
sentences so the second point relative
clauses give us extra information about
nouns so let’s take a look at two
examples both of these sentences use
relative clauses first one my phone
which is an iPhone 6s has terrible
battery life these days so one more time
my iPhone or sorry my phone which is an
iPhone 6s has terrible battery life
these days this
sentence uses a relative Clause second
example I like the movies that
Christopher Nolan makes I like the
movies that Christopher Nolan makes so
these sentences both use relative
clauses they are here in this sentence
and here in this sentence so there are
two kinds of relative clauses we’re
going to talk about both of them today
so first point about making this about
giving extra details with today’s
grammar point relative clauses begin
with something called a relative pronoun
a relative pronoun for today we’re going
to focus on three relative pronouns they
are that which and who so when you make
a relative Clause the basic form of a
relative Clause the first word will be a
relative pronoun in this case my phone
which is an iPhone success which is a
relative pronoun it begins my extra
information here same thing in this
sentence I like the movies that
Christopher Nolan makes here my relative
Clause is this part and it begins with
that so this is a relative pronoun these
are relative pronouns so how do we know
which one to use do I use that do I use
which do I use you for today we’re going
to look at these three relative pronouns
you can use that and who when you’re
talking about people people here so in
this case I’m talking about a phone in
my first example sentence in my second
example sentence I’m talking about
movies so these are both objects we’re
going to practice people later second
you can use that or which for objects so
objects that means things so not people
you might also hear sometimes people use
who to talk about their pets as
I’m not going to talk about pets in my
example sentences today but for your
information so another common question
though is what’s the difference between
that and which like in this case that in
which for objects but how do I decide
should I use that or which this point is
a little more advanced so I will cover
it briefly for today the difference is
in what’s called restrictive relative
clauses and non-restrictive relative
clauses so these are like really like
complex are maybe difficult to
understand words but they mean a
restrictive Clause is something that
gives us essential information essential
information about the noun so this means
if I don’t have this relative clause I
don’t understand the noun so for example
in this example sentence I like the
movies that Christopher Nolan makes if I
remove the relative clause here my
sentence becomes I like the movies and
we don’t know like what does that mean I
like the movies well which movies we
don’t know so that means we have to have
we must have this information to
understand this noun if we do not have
this information we cannot understand
this noun this sentence is an example of
a restrictive relative clause so that
means we must have the information in
these types of sentence we use that as
the relative pronoun on the other hand
the other type where we use which it’s
used in what’s called a non restrictive
relative clause so non restrictive so
meaning not it’s the negative form a non
restrictive relative clause is a clause
giving just extra information we don’t
have to have the information to
understand the noun it’s like a bonus
kind of so this example sentence uses a
non restrictive relative clause my phone
which is an iPhone 6s has terrible
battery life these days
so again my test if I remove Tide youth
my arm if I remove the relative clause
the sentence becomes my phone has
terrible battery life these days so I
can understand the sentence it’s easy
for me to understand I know exactly the
topic my phone so when we use a non
restrictive relative clause we can use
which to begin also when you use a non
restrictive relative clause use commas
it’s hard to see in the live stream use
commas set it off with commas here so
there’s a comma at the beginning and a
comma at the end of the clause so this
is a punctuation point as well so my
comment I will get to your comments now
was to share about the work of your
favorite creator so I said I like the
movies the Christopher Nolan makes I
think I saw a few of you sending some
comments me a Gertrude is maybe I love
the Batman movies that Christopher Nolan
makes or I love the back of the Batman
stories that Christopher Nolan tells
great some other examples lots of people
are just saying hello hello everybody so
yeah sure it’s hard to see share about
the work of your favorite creator so you
can use this as a pattern if you like I
like movies or TV shows or the music
that someone makes sweetheart says I
like the games that the hideo kojima
makes perfect very nice example very
nice example I like the games that Hideo
Kojima makes ke Lao says I like the
dinosaurs which are stored in the museum
good I like the dinosaurs make sure to
use the plural form for your countable
nouns and then your verb needs to match
yeah leo says I like the lesson that
Alicia makes thanks Leah okay other
examples hmm maybe I Miguel says I like
my games which is an Xbox 360 has good
start so maybe I like my gaming let’s
see my gaming system so make your sub
the topic of your discussion my gaming
system which is an Xbox 360 has good
storage something like that would be
perfect on Facebook Jason says I like
the books that edgar rice burroughs
right so I don’t know that author very
nice though I like the books that he
writes ok other ones I like my friend
who always helps me with my problems
great great so that sounds like you have
other friends who don’t tell you with
problems so good good nice examples
Kristina on Facebook says my job which
is teaching English is a rewarding
occupation agree agree absolutely very
nice examples ok fantastic fantastic
with that let’s take one quick break and
then we’re going to practice combining
information in a different sentence
pattern so great examples keep them
coming
we’ll take one quick break and then
continue to point number two before
today so I’m going to share a couple I
shared a couple of already today I
showed this over here I’ll show it over
here today is a grammar point we’re
covering a grammar point so that means
you can use it in many different
situations so I haven’t shown I don’t
think all of these in a while if you
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this is a really good one for this topic
when you want to describe a specific
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great example of a situation where you
use
this grammar point quite a lot so check
these out from the link below the video
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okay so with that let’s continue to
point to for today also if you have not
already please make sure to like and
share today’s videos so other learners
can find the lesson okay let’s continue
to part two part two for today in this
part we’re going to practice giving
details in one sentence so we’re going
to practice putting two ideas together
so sometimes I hear learners say
something like I bought a TV the TV is
really cool the TV was really cheap they
break things into three sentences two or
three sentences so this point what we’re
going to practice now is how to put
those ideas together we’re going to use
non restrictive relative clauses to do
this so I’ll explain with two examples
I’ll give you kind of a strategy to
practice this on your own too and as I’m
talking you can think about a comment
for yourself so for this portion your
homework I guess if you’re watching live
or after is to use this pattern to make
a sentence about a person in your life
so think about this I’ll share them so
what is this to practice doing this to
practice giving details in one sentence
choose your topic one and think of two
or more two plus details two plus
details so think of these two things for
example my topic will be my brother and
my details so my details are about my
brother my details engineer his job this
is information about him and his
personality smart funny so here are my
details I want to put this information
together
so yes I could make it’s possible to
make maybe two sentences with this my
brother is an engineer great
that’s one sentence easy to understand
also my brother is smart and funny okay
two sentences and I’m giving personality
information in sentence number two so
put them together with a relative clause
like this my brother who is an engineer
is smart and funny so in one sentence
I’ve put all of the information together
so how did I do this my brother is an
engineer so I’ve used the who relative
pronoun here because my subject is a
person so I have this is an engineer
this is exactly the same but I need to
mark it with who I need to start this
portion with who it’s describing my
brother then I finish with is smart and
funny so another way to think about this
is as we practice before remove the
relative clause is the sentence correct
my brother there we go my brother is
smart and funny
my brother is smart and funny that’s a
grammatically correct sentence so I know
that this part is okay and I can add my
relative clause giving extra information
so this makes my sentence much more
natural it flows the information flows
much more naturally so here is how we
can put simply information together with
this non restrictive clause so again it
starts with a relative pronoun and I’ve
set it off with commas here so this
shows us its extra information so this
is a good way maybe to practice making
these basic style sentences some
examples mani so that’s a very nice
example of mani at least oh he teaches
English a smart and beautiful that’s
very nice that’s very nice iris says my
English teacher who is from the Ukraine
has a very strong accent very nice
sentence okay some other
hmm I don’t see any on Facebook yet I
don’t see any on Facebook yet I’ll come
back to your Facebook so please use this
pattern some of you have got it already
please use this pattern to make a
sentence about a person in your life
okay I’ll go to another topic again I’m
going to focus on people for this
practice this one I’m going to focus on
co-workers so my co-workers keep in mind
this is plural co-workers more than one
person so my details about my co-workers
my details are they come from all around
the world and kind they are kind so if I
want to make a sentence if I want to
make two sentences I could say my
co-workers come from all around the
world and my co-workers are kind there’s
two ideas so I put them together in a
sentence like this my co-workers who
come from all around the world are kind
so I put everything together in one
sentence using a relative clause all the
details come together some points want
my co-workers as I said my co-workers is
plural more than one person so my verb
needs to match my coworkers are kind
again if I remove the relative clause
hard to do my co-workers are kind this
part needs to be grammatically correct
alone and then this part again begins
with my relative pronoun who because my
subject refers to people my co-workers
who come from all around the world are
kind so this is how we can make one
single sentence from two or more
sentences so with this pattern you can
actually make very long sentences if you
want to
some examples are coming in can john
says my husband who is a businessman is
smart and cool excellent next example
sentence very positive okay dosmo says
my friend who likes marvelous scenery is
my role model
okay um maja says one of my friends who
is a scientist is smart and cunning okay
great very nice example on Facebook EDA
Ida I said my daughter who is a doctor
is very smart and kind nice nice example
Jason says my coworker who I work with
is very uptight and mean oh good example
my parents who are just farmers are the
most respectful and admired very nice
very nice Oh some other examples Renato
on YouTube says Emirates which is a good
airline is the best job I’ve ever had as
a pilot okay so is maybe is the best
company I’ve ever worked with so make
sure your subject so Emirates is the
company in this if you want to talk
about your company great you can totally
use this pattern so you can say my
company which is the best place I’ve
ever worked is great or is the best
company name extra information is the
best company I’ve worked with something
like that hmm so make sure your subject
over here matches your extra information
over here okay very nice nice examples
Mora from Christina on Facebook my
colleagues who are very supportive are
bright and friendly excellent excellent
great work a bee elk herd on says my
granddaughter who is only four is
naughty that’s a nice example I like
your example sentences these are very
nice
Nene says my husband who is an engineer
is smart and kind great maybe a point
for lots of people watching don’t forget
your article if you’re talking about
someone’s job title like I saw a
scientist teacher engineer
don’t forget your article so my brother
or my husband or my wife is an engineer
or is a scientists don’t forget those
little articles we like our articles
let’s see how long the singer someone on
YouTube says my boss who is Dutch is
generous and humble very nice example of
everybody alex says my supervisor who is
a good researcher often has poor
judgment oh good researcher but poor
judgment very interesting examples ok
fantastic fantastic nice job everybody
let’s take one more very short break
very short I promise and then we’ll go
to our last point for today how to make
these clauses or rather in which cases
we can make these clauses even shorter
so how to make your sentences super
super efficient alright I’ll show you a
couple more of the free things I have
not shown you in a while we’ll go over
here this I’ll show these are different
from the ones I showed to you before
these are all free this one’s about pets
so you might use this grammar point if
you want to talk about your pets this is
a great one right here the food ones I
think are good this is about cooking and
on the back of it is vocabulary and
expressions to use for recipes for
cooking for stuff in the kitchen so you
can check this out you definitely use
this grammar point in the kitchen
another topic is for sports for exercise
and again there’s some key phrases for
going to the gym and for exercise and
for even parts of the body here too so
there are many different topics this
one’s a slightly different one that you
can also find there there are many
different topics that you can check out
and practice today’s grammar point with
so have a look at this you can find this
from the link below the video on youtube
or above the video if you’re watching on
Instagram please check YouTube or
Facebook why not see your comments very
sorry ok let’s go to our final point for
today our final point for today is how
to make what’s called a reduced relative
clause a reduced relative clause this
means a short relative clause how to
make your relative Clause short
your extra information shorter so I’ll
go on to this also if you have not
already please do make sure to like and
share today’s video so others can find
today’s lesson alright let’s go on to
making short clauses short clauses there
are several different ways to explain
this so I’m going to focus on these two
first case number one if your sentence
uses a relative pronoun so who which or
that and after that so just after the
relative pronoun there’s some form of
the verb to be so is was R and so on in
that case you can remove both parts that
means you can remove the relative
pronoun and your to be verb so let’s
look at some examples first the guy who
is talking is my teacher the guy who is
talking is my teacher this is a very
common example of when you’ll see this
this number of this point number one is
very common with ing
verbs when we see a verb in this ing the
progressive form this is a very common
situation where you can remove these
parts so here the guy talking is my
teacher this makes your sentence more
efficient both are correct this is
totally correct the guy who is talking
is my teacher is 100% perfectly correct
you can use it but if you want to make
your sentence a little more efficient a
little shorter you can remove it the guy
talking is my teacher another example
the professor who was seen stealing was
fired the professor who was seen
stealing was fired so here who is my
relative pronoun was is to be just past
tense so we can say the professor seen
stealing was fired
the professor seen stealing was fired so
again this is up to you you can choose
whether to remove
or not so these are a couple of cases
where you can remove them I have more
examples but not very much space will
continue so you can try to send a few
examples that remove these this one as I
said is maybe the easiest one to
practice
so this IMG verb sentences that use
verbs in the ing form I will check the
chat to see some where the other case I
want to talk about is this one if a
personal pronoun so that means like
he/she knew I and so on or someone’s
name is after the relative pronoun you
can remove the relative pronoun for
example the person who I talked to was
the manager the person who I talked to
was the manager so in this case here’s
my relative pronoun and after it is this
personal pronoun in this case I that
means in this case I can remove my
relative pronoun the person I talked to
was the manager the person I talked to
was the manager this sentence is also
correct totally correct so please keep
in mind in this case we remove only the
relative pronoun yeah in this case we
remove the relative pronoun and the to
be verb so there are some there are some
differences in these cases so these are
a couple ways to make reduced shortened
relative clauses there are some examples
coming in fantastic on YouTube Eli says
the guys singing is my roomie good
Galen Colin says the man sitting maybe
next to me instead of aside me next to
me is my friend good Wilson says the
woman woman wo ma n singular the woman
who is talking is my teacher to reduce
that the woman talking is my teacher
Edgard says the dog barking is my pet
yeah Massa hey Messiah on Facebook says
the woman speaking is my teacher yes
speaking
or talking is good sin is when do we use
relative clauses if you miss the lesson
please go back to the beginning of the
video this lesson has been recorded so
that you know when to use relative
clauses so please watch this
after we finished today’s lesson okay
other examples looking for other
examples other examples who knows
anymore
the person who is teaching English is my
teacher good very nice very nice okay
the woman drawing is my mom great you
guys have got it sounds good sounds
fantastic so these are examples of
situations where we use relative clauses
and shortened relative clauses very nice
job everybody thanks very much for all
of your example sounds good I have to
finish there for today though that was a
lot whew we got through it all amazing
so I’m going to finish up today’s lesson
of course if you have questions or
comments you can send them in the chat
or send a comment after the lesson too I
will check it out and try to answer it
somehow someday someway so thank you for
all of your examples we are going to be
back next week next week’s date will be
October 30th I think Wednesday October
30th I believe at 10:00 p.m. Eastern
Standard Time the topic will be English
learning strategies English learning
strategies so I have chosen five kind of
maybe tips that I hope can help lots of
people give you some ideas for your
studies things you can try to do or
maybe some changes you can think about
for your study routine so I’m gonna talk
about I think I’ve prepared five
different things find English learning
strategies yeah that’s it October 31st
really Wow
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Time you can set a notification on
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again next week I’m going to cover some
English learning strategies and in
general some language learning
strategies that I hope will be helpful
for you so thank you very much for
joining this week’s lesson as always
thank you so much for sending your great
example sentences and your great
questions today too and also thank you
so much for liking the video and sharing
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we’ll see you again next week
bye