English Prepositions Review How to use by to and for
and in this week’s live lesson we are
going to talk about how to use by two
and four this will be a preposition
review lesson so i hope that everybody
has a chance to practice these very
important but very small words i’m going
to focus in this lesson on a few uses
two to three uses of each preposition
and i hope that you can send your
example sentences live in the chat i
will try to check them out as you join
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okay
everything is okay so let’s look at
today’s lesson boards then we are going
to talk about three prepositions this is
our focus i’m going to talk about by to
begin
in the middle we’ll talk about two
and lastly we’ll talk about four so i
hope this lesson gives you
a chance to review these small words uh
but i also want to talk about a couple
common mistakes i see with these words
okay so let’s get started everything’s
good i’m gonna share the video please
make sure you like and share it i’m
gonna share the video
okay done good i have shared it so let’s
get started let’s talk about
bi then
all right so the first uh preposition
for today is the preposition by
we’re going to talk about
two main uses in this lesson so
first let’s review
by
which means next to or near so this use
of by means the position of something
right so let’s look at some example
sentences you can send your examples in
the chat i will try to check there are
lots of lots of comments
uh so my copy is by my computer my
coffee is by my computer so this by just
means next to it or near it somewhere
close to my computer so my coffee is by
my computer
or her house is by the school
so again this means her house is near or
close to or next to so bai is kind of an
open preposition it’s not a specific
place like directly next to but kind of
somewhere near
okay
one more our bags are by the door our
bags are by the door
so again this means someplace near the
door okay
in each sentence we have by
before
our second noun phrase so we have noun
one my coffee or her house or our bags
and then we have the position
so position is shown with by
and then we have the second
thing the second noun so the door the
school the computer yeah
so we can use by to communicate this
feeling of close to okay
some people are sending examples the cat
is by my side good the tv is by my
closet nice one santiago on youtube
okay uh i don’t see questions or
examples on facebook yet
do your best facebook
okay
let’s go to the next part then so bye oh
one more naily jacqueline says my
notebook is by not by to me but by me
and my computer so we don’t put buy and
two together yeah by me and my computer
okay so this is our first use of buy for
next two and near or close to okay
great so now let’s talk about the second
point this is the maybe the part i want
to focus on this use of bi so this is a
buy
to mark an endpoint or a deadline yeah
so first let’s look at some example
sentences
please call me by 5 pm
please call me by 5 p.m so this bye
is before
5 p.m
and we have a request please call me
right the simple request yeah so by here
marks a deadline so the finish point
yeah so that means
please do this action please call me
up until so that means all the time
before
5 p.m so 5 p.m is the last time at which
you can call me after 5 p.m nope no good
so we use buy to mark deadlines okay
then another example submit your
homework by 10 a.m submit your homework
by 10 am
so again buy is before in this case the
time the deadline point here is the
action so submit your homework submit
means to turn in your homework like to
give your homework to your teacher yeah
this is submit
submit your homework by 10 a.m
so we use buy to mark those deadlines
okay
uh all right i’m looking for your
example
anna mook says can we say bye foot i
know on foot is the correct form yeah we
don’t say bye foot no i sometimes see
people say bye walking as well that’s
not right either we don’t say 10 minutes
by walking please use on foot to use buy
in that way okay
i’m looking for your example
okay cezar on facebook says i’ll
probably eat fried fish by this evening
okay are you fishing today great all
right
uh jonatha says what is deadline a
deadline yeah so deadline here this is a
noun
a deadline is the final time
you can submit something or apply to
something so the last chance to do an
action or to participate in something
that’s a deadline so for example if i
say send me your homework by 10 am
10 am is your deadline after 10 am no
good i’m not going to accept it yeah 10
a.m marks the end point for an action
that’s called a deadline for something
okay let’s continue on uh to the other
to the other examples
some good ones are coming in please
email me by 8 pm great
um
how do we differentiate it with beside
oh her house is beside the school or our
bags are beside the store besides sounds
much more formal yeah we don’t use
besides so much in everyday conversation
bi is shorter and a little more casual
easier to say so we use by in these
sentences okay
i’m looking for your examples
um
early bird on facebook says my
application must be applied by the end
of november very close my application
must be submitted to submit an
application that’s the verb then by the
end of november is perfect okay let’s go
to the next example sentence
we’ll probably finish the report by this
afternoon
we’ll probably finish this report by
this afternoon so in this sentence the
speaker or the writer is making a guess
right here’s wheel we will probably
right so they think i’m pretty sure i’m
pretty sure we’ll probably finish the
report by this afternoon so in this case
the sentence uses by yes but this
afternoon marks the end point the
speaker is guessing
the end point of the report yeah so you
can use a pattern like this if you’re
working now you’re writing a report now
you’re making something now and you need
to give someone a guess like your boss
or your teacher says when are you going
to finish the report
you can say
we’ll or i’ll probably finish the report
by this afternoon so this by
shows the end point for your action
okay
cool
uh some other examples are coming in uh
noshino says i will arrive at the
station by 3 p.m good
uh asd says i forgot my phone by the
laptop good so that’s this use here
gonzalez says i’ll be there by 10 pm
chris wrote a question will he be there
by 10 pm good good good okay fantastic
nice examples everybody okay
let’s go to the last last last point for
bi
i want to talk about this expression
by the time by the time
this is a very useful expression we use
this to talk about the future
future points we use this a lot with
future perfect tense so maybe for more
intermediate and advanced learners you
feel comfortable using perfect tense
yeah so let’s look at some examples and
talk about some interesting grammar here
so first
by the time i graduate college
i will have studied for 16 years
by the time i graduate college i will
have studied for 16 years
so
this by the time
is used to talk about a point in the
future
right we’re talking about some future
point a future endpoint yeah
in this case in this example sentence by
the time i graduate college so here this
is my future point yeah
then
we have this i will have studied for 16
years so this is a future perfect tense
construction yeah i will have studied
for 16 years this means by this time my
college graduation time my total time
studying all this time in the past is 16
years or it will be
16 years
we use
future perfect tense because we are
talking about a time period that has not
finished yet it’s going to finish in the
future yeah i will have studied for 16
years so this is a little more
advanced grammar point let’s look at one
more example and then we’ll continue to
part two okay here’s one more example
the sentence pattern is flipped so
here’s the future perfect tense part
we will have spent three thousand
dollars
on our home remodel
by the time it’s finished
we will have spent three thousand
dollars on our home remodel
by the time it’s finished so home
remodel means you fix your home you
change your home change the design of
your home yeah so here’s by the time
yeah
and
we have by the time it’s finished so
this it’s finished means the home
remodel yeah so by the time the home
remodel is finished in all the time
before that
we will have spent three thousand
dollars that means that’s the total cost
of the project so we use by the time in
patterns like these
lastly interesting grammar point this
part here by the time i graduate college
right here you see i graduate we use a
simple present tense grammar structure
here by the time i graduate or by the
time it’s finished yeah so by the time
it is finished in this case so we don’t
need to use like past tense here like by
the time i graduated college or by the
time i graduating
we need to use these patterns like these
yeah
so again a little more advanced grammar
point but this by the time is super
useful for talking about future plans
okay
all right um
let’s see
some examples by the time i graduate
from college okay some of you are using
this by the time
yeah okay
uh finished chris l says y is finished
in past form this finished it is
finished something is finished that’s an
adjective form by the time it is
finished yeah we can use different parts
of speech here
okay
uh
by the time would mean at the same time
yes that’s what it’s saying so you can
imagine this by the time
here
is like saying uh at this point
uh
when these these two things will be true
i will graduate college and i will have
studied for 16 years at that point in
time
okay so i hope that this is helpful i
think i have a video
i think i have a video about this
uh maybe i don’t i will make a video
about this topic uh so that we can uh
talk about it i will check and see if
there’s a video and put a link in the
description if i can find it sometimes i
forget so this is by the time okay all
right let’s go to a quick break that was
a lot about buy and we’ll go to part two
okay if you missed it earlier there are
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questions to use in stores vocabulary
words to use when you’re shopping here
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okay all right uh let’s go to part two
part two okay so if you haven’t please
please please please please make sure to
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okay let’s go to two let’s go to two
okay
um
i’m looking for your questions some
other examples are coming in um
looks good okay
i’m gonna move on to part two because
time is going quickly
let’s talk about two two so in this
section i want to focus on two uses of
two
and then we’ll do a short review of a
really uh quick one
so let’s talk about using the
preposition to for a destination or a
goal
okay
so
let’s look at this first example
sentence i’m going to school now i’m
going to school now so two
is before the destination or the goal
the place that we are moving in the
direction of so
school is our destination we use two
before that yeah i’m going to school
next example let’s go to the office
let’s go to the office so two is before
the office the destination here let’s go
to the office or you could say let’s go
to my office for example
one more they went to spain last summer
they went to spain last summer
okay so here we have a past tense
example sentence all right
so we used to to mark our destination
our location but here in red this is one
key point i want to talk about i see a
mistake here a lot one
mistake number one many learners forget
to
they forget to completely they say i’m
going school now or let’s go the office
so please don’t forget this tiny little
word don’t forget to put this before
your destination that’s point one
mistake number two i sometimes see
is about this this note says use two
before a specific location specific
location for example spain
the office school these are specific
places
sometimes i see learners right i want to
go to there or let’s go to there we do
not use 2
before
there because there is not a specific
place right so please use two before the
specific location
okay
uh all right some of you are sending
example sentences about uh the second
use of two that’s okay i’ll come to your
examples later all right so
let’s talk about one more here this
sentence uses a person as kind of the
goal or the destination so with this
with this use of two
we use this when we are giving and
receiving things like sending and
receiving things for example please give
these documents to her
please give these documents to her so in
this case her
it’s like a female person is the
destination right please give these
documents to
her so we use this to before the person
receiving the documents so if it’s
helpful you can think of a person as the
destination or the goal
okay
all right some examples are coming in
cynthia ruiz says i went to my brother’s
house in new zealand two years ago very
nice very nice okay
um
all right some other people other people
are sending correct sentences for point
number two so we’ll talk about that in a
minute al tariq says i have been to
bolivia very nice very nice uh ana says
i need to go to the park very nice okay
great that looks good so let’s continue
to part two so uh use two
of two is to talk about a purpose or a
reason a purpose or a reason
we do this with two plus a verb so the
base form or the infinitive form of a
verb yeah so we express the reason for
doing something or the purpose for doing
something okay so let’s look at some
examples some really simple examples
i came to buy milk so at the supermarket
yeah i came to buy milk here is two
here is my base verb yeah my verb the
base form i came to buy milk so this
sentence expresses the purpose it
expresses the reason so why did you come
to the supermarket why did you come to
the store i came to buy milk
so this grammar expresses purpose
okay another example
she needs money
to start her business
she needs money to start her business in
this sentence we see to
before start so start is my verb in the
base form yeah infinitive verb she needs
money why to start her business so again
this is the reason
she needs money she needs money for this
purpose is another way to understand the
sentence
i hope i said your name right on
facebook says i need to get money from
the bank good cesar says i came to buy
fish at the market perfect okay
um
jack jaime says i came to buy an iphone
very nice an iphone yeah don’t forget
your article there uh victor says i need
a drum to make music good okay
uh vishwajit says i wanted to give an
example good artland says i’m going to
subscribe oh
and that’s retracted okay
that was funny okay great let’s look at
one more example one more really helpful
example we’d like to make a reservation
we’d like to make a reservation so we
are expressing
our reason or our purpose here so what
do we want to do what would we like to
do we’d like we would like yeah
contracted we would like to make a
reservation that’s the purpose of our
phone call or our visit okay so we use
two with a verb the base form this is
part is important we’re going to compare
this to four in part three okay
last part here very quickly a super
quick reminder we use two when we
express distance and time so how far
it is from one location to
another for example it’s 10 miles to
the next town it’s 10 miles to the next
town that means from here
until i reach the next tamp we don’t say
that
it’s 10 miles or for time it’s 30
minutes to
- so you can think of it as like
saying after this distance or after this
time
i will reach my next destination or it
will be the next hour
okay so this is a really quick point i
wanted to talk about i want to focus i
want you to remember this part here for
part three though
all right
okay
uh let’s go to part three after a super
quick break because
this lesson is taking time as always i
like to talk about all the detailed
points so if you haven’t checked it out
yet please make sure to check the link
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everything okay
let’s go to part three because time
oh my gosh time has gone so quickly
today so let’s go to part uh three let’s
talk about four okay
so
four the preposition four let’s talk
about this
a review present perfect tense we’ve
practiced a lot recently we use for with
time periods in present perfect tense or
just not even just present perfect but
in perfect tense structures for example
i’ve worked here for five years i’ve
worked here for five years note the
plural form five years
yeah and we have this perfect tense
structure i have worked here for five
years
so four comes before the length of time
or the time period
okay
then
she has lived there for six months she
has lived there for
six months again don’t forget this s
so
four become four comes before the time
period all right
finally we’ve been studying for two
hours we’ve been studying for two hours
so we use this four to show these time
periods durations okay so quick review
of this use of four
let’s go to the focus point for this
preposition here so
i want to practice this part with our
remaining time with the time we have
left
for
used for purpose or for function so we
do this with an i n g verb
okay so we just practiced using two with
the base verb right no change to the
verb
here we use for to mark purpose or to
mark the function of something so why do
we use that thing
but we use for with the ing form okay so
let’s practice this
first sentence
part of the restaurant kitchen
is just for preparing
ingredients
part of the restaurant kitchen is just
for preparing
ingredients so here is four
here is the verb prepare
prepare in the ing form yeah part of the
restaurant kitchen is just for preparing
ingredients so this sentence expresses
part of the restaurant kitchen the
purpose or the function of part of the
restaurant kitchen is just so only for
preparing ingredients
okay so we use this for prepare ing so
not for prepare that’s a very common
mistake i see so not is just for prepare
but for preparing
so make sure to use this ing verb form
here
okay great let’s continue
i’m gonna look for your example
sentences
okay
uh al tariq says the school park is just
for hanging out good so make sure
hanging is with an a yeah not uh you
yeah and then it’s perfect okay
let’s continue uh to the next example
sentence
my camera
is for taking
professional photos and videos
my camera is for taking professional
photos and videos okay so in this
sentence we see the purpose of my camera
right so we have four and taking here
this expresses the purpose
so the purpose is taking professional
photos and videos my camera is for
taking professional photos and videos
okay
juan carlos as part of my books are for
studying english i would say some of my
books are for studying english yeah some
of my books are for studying english
part of my books might be confusing it
sounds like parts inside your books
i think you want to say some of my books
are for studying english like the topics
of some books yeah
okay
let’s see
uh vishwajeet says is for in case of
time period always used for past events
can we say i’m going to study for three
hours yes absolutely absolutely you can
use that we use it a lot in these
perfect tense structures though but yes
you can use it for future
uh situations as in your example
sentence great okay
uh can i fill up saint cloudy says can’t
i also use uh two instead of four yes
actually there are uh many situations we
can choose between four or two to
express the purpose absolutely one
hundred percent but just make sure you
match the verb yeah four is used with an
ing verb two is used with the base form
of the verb and there are some cases
where the verb
you need to use one or the other this
ing form or the two form i can’t i’m not
going to talk about that today
if you want more about this i suggest
googling a gerund and infinitive
differences there are many many detailed
points about this topic but the short
answer is yes in many cases you can use
four or two just remember the different
grammar pattern
okay phew i’m late let’s go to the last
points her office is used for meeting
clients her office is used for meeting
clients so again we see a purpose here
so the purpose of her office is meeting
clients her office is used for meeting
clients okay so when you use this for to
show purpose don’t forget this ing form
not for meat okay that’s a common
mistake i see
all right let’s go to the last point for
today’s lesson for to express a reason
or purpose with a noun okay so this
grammar is different from the two
grammar we talked about we don’t use two
with nouns we need to use four with
nouns let’s look at some examples and
then we’ll be finished for today lots of
stuff okay i came to this city for the
beautiful views i came to this city for
the beautiful views so here’s my noun
yeah it’s a plural noun beautiful view
so that means beautiful scenery right i
came to this city for the beautiful
views so we expressed a reason in this
case the reason to travel to the city
okay
then next example quickly let’s go out
for lunch let’s go out for lunch you can
of course say dinner or breakfast
whatever let’s go out for lunch lunch is
a noun yeah so we use bor so not let’s
go out to lunch oh sorry that’s a bad
example that’s kind of a set phrase we
can’t say let’s go out to lunch yes we
can say that one that’s like a set
phrase but we typically use four
in these expressions let’s go out
for
some noun phrase for a coffee for a
coffee for example that’s a good one we
can’t say let’s go out to coffee as a
noun okay
all right one more example do you want
to go for a drink
do you want to go for a drink so here a
drink is a noun yeah we need to use four
here so now do you want to go to
a drink nope do you want to go to a
drink sounds like the drink is the
destination do you want to go to a drink
doesn’t make sense cannot use two please
use four here yeah okay so do you want
to go for a drink the purpose is a drink
okay
so don’t forget when you use nouns for
reasons or purpose or motivation you
need to use four there
okay i have to finish i’m super late oh
my gosh
sorry sorry uh sorry live stream team
okay i have to finish there for today’s
lesson so i will show you today’s lesson
boards one more time if you want to take
a screenshot
here we go so we talked about by two and
four in today’s lesson we talked about a
lot of points thank you for your
interesting questions that was super
super great so i have to finish for
today but
i’ll be back next week as always here is
next week’s lesson
information all right next week we are
going to talk about how to maximize your
review sessions how to maximize your
review sessions i always talk about how
to uh
how important it is to review so we’re
going to talk about what to do in your
review sessions that will be wednesday
november 17th 10 p.m eastern standard
time that is new york city time
uh
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we have to finish there for today so
thank you for your awesome questions and
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okay phew that was lots of preposition
review but it was super super fun so i
will say goodbye for today have a great
day thank you very much for liking and
sharing the video super helpful uh i
will say goodbye so have a good day have
a good night have a good weekend and i
will see you again next time