Vanessa: Hi. I'm Vanessa from SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.com.

Are you ready to hear a real English conversation? Let's get started.

Vanessa: Today, I have something super special to share

with you. I met an interesting woman whose family runs a salt business. Yes, salt. You're

going to meet Carla and hear how her family started the salt business three generations

ago. You'll also learn some differences and different types of salt and just some interesting

insight into something that every human needs, but we don't often think about. I'm sure that

you also have things that you're passionate about, so it's a good chance to listen to

our conversation and try to imitate the way that we speak.

Vanessa: Throughout this conversation, you're going

to see subtitles down here. That's going to show some vocabulary, phrasal verbs, and important

pronunciation that we're going to talk about after the conversation lesson, because after

the conversation lesson with Carla, you're going to hear a vocabulary lesson between

my husband Dan and I, where we're going to explain some important vocabulary expressions

that you heard in the conversation with Carla. I hope that you're going to be able to remember

these expressions a little bit better, because we're having a natural conversation about

those expressions. Vanessa:

Then, you'll have a grammar lesson, where we focus on some important phrasal verbs that

you heard in the conversation with Carla. And finally, at the end, we'll have a pronunciation

lesson where we'll focus on some important sentences that you heard in the conversation

and how you can accurately pronounce those yourself to try to speak as naturally as possible.

Vanessa: This is a pretty big lesson. There's a lot

going on. We've got the conversation, vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. So, you can always

click on CC, which is the subtitles, so that you can catch every word that we talk about.

If you enjoy this lesson, I hope that you can join me in the Fearless Fluency Club,

where you'll get a lesson set like this every month. Today, you're only going to see a little

bit less than half of one lesson set, but each month, I send you a new lesson set, a

full one, where you can learn about new topics, vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and practice

using those conversation skills yourself. Vanessa:

All right, let's go meet Carla. Hi, everyone! I'm here with Carla, and Carla has a quite

interesting family business to share with us. I've got some visual aids as well, but

I'll let you explain. What do you say you do, or what would you say your family does?

How would you describe it? Carla:

Sure. I am third generation in a sea salt family business.

Vanessa: Okay.

Carla: My grandfather, back in the '70s, was the

first to start importing sea salt from out of the country. He brought it over in suitcases,

and he didn't know how much to charge. He was like, "I don't know, I'll bag it up, and

give me $5." And that's kind of set the price for the next 30 years. We just kept it there.

Vanessa: Really?

Carla: Yeah.

Vanessa: So, he just thought, "Oh, people will buy

this." That's cool. Carla:

Yeah. Vanessa:

Was he doing that back home, or... Carla:

No. He is from Belgium, originally, or he was. He passed away. But yeah, he was best

friends with Michio Kushi, who was the person that brought macrobiotics into the United

States. Vanessa:

Oh, okay. Carla:

And Michio told him, "You need to bring sea salt into this country because there's going

to be a shortage of minerals at some point, and they're going to need this." So my grandfather

traveled all over Europe trying to find the most clean, most high mineral sea salt he

could find, which he settled into the coast of Brittany, France, and this little town

called Guérande. Vanessa:

Okay. Carla:

And they do this ancient harvesting technique that was originated by Celts.

Vanessa: Okay. So that's where this originated, the

name. Carla:

Yeah, they think that it was from the Celts that originally did it, but then studies have

shown that it dates back even further with this harvesting technique in Asia.

Vanessa: Wow.

Carla: Which they're always doing something before

the rest of us. Vanessa:

Sure. Carla:

So instead of boiling the water, boiling to evaporate it and using up all the valuable

wood that they needed for other things back then, they realize that they needed to create

these ponds using these clay beds and let the sun and the wind do the evaporation for

them. So this started a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years, and it's

still there today. Vanessa:

Wow. It's, it's incredible that they had the thought process to say, "We need to save wood.

Let's use what we've got." Nature, the sun. Carla:

Right. Vanessa:

To be able to do that, So at this point are the origins of the salt still in that area?

Carla: So we import from all over the world, and

we have found some really fascinating high-tech ways that they're still sustainably harvesting

and producing all different kinds of salts with different mineral composition.

Vanessa: So I would love to hear more about that in

detail. Carla:

Yeah. Vanessa:

I want to show them the salt that you brought. Carla:

Sure. Vanessa:

Is this available internationally? Carla:

It is. Vanessa:

Okay. So maybe they've seen this. Is it mainly in Europe or could be anywhere?

Carla: Parts of Europe. We're also in Malaysia, Australia.

We were working on China a few years ago, but they have a lot of laws around it with

it having to be iodized. They've lifted that since, but it's a huge investment to, as you

can imagine, to tackle that kind of distribution. And we're still a family-owned company. We've

never had investors. Everything has been grassroots grown.

Vanessa: Wow, that's really amazing. So if you see

this brand, the Celtic Sea Salt, I'll put links to all the websites.

Carla: Okay.

Vanessa: So you can check it out. But if you see that,

that's the company we're talking about, and this one's the fine ground, regular kind of

white, what you kind of recognize as salt. Carla:

Right. Vanessa:

But there's also other ones that you brought. Carla:

Right, so the light gray are these in these grinders, which this is the same salt, but

they just don't grind that for you for convenience. They didn't really have that available before

we kind of started demanding it from our providers, saying that the Americans really want their

shakers. They don't do the European way of grinding or pinching their salt.

Vanessa: Oh, got you.

Carla: So we're the ones that brought the fine ground

here. Yeah. Vanessa:

So that is a cultural thing. I guess it depends on what your family is used to using.

Carla: Exactly.

Vanessa: But just shaking it, especially at a restaurant,

that's really common that this is more a European-type style. Got you.

Carla: It is.

Vanessa: It probably has some steam in Asheville, though,

I imagine. Carla:

Oh, yeah. Some people, they're like, "Oh, I like to pinch it, and I like to grind it

and I like to shake it. So it's a kind of a funny little question we have at shows and

stuff. Vanessa:

How would you like to serve yourself? Carla:

Right. Vanessa:

So can you tell me a little bit about the different types of salt? And I am quite ignorant

about that except for just hearsay that I've heard. And of course, what you see, different

colors and whatnot. Carla:

Yeah, I mean, salt, I mean it can be an endless topic. There's so many different kinds, everything

from mass industrial salt that we use that you see like in the Morton shaker that has

been highly processed and things added and removed and anti-caking agents. For our table

salt, they originally started putting iodine into the salt to help with a goiter issue

a long time ago, which it did help, but the iodine actually caused a discoloration to

the salt so they had to bleach it. Vanessa:

Oh, interesting. Carla:

The bleaching caused it to be bitter, so they had to sweeten it. So they added dextrose,

which caused it to be sticky so it wouldn't shake out of the jar. So they added anti-caking

agent chemicals. Vanessa:

One thing on top of another. Carla:

So what we have kind of come to terms with is we've realized the salt is actually perfect

in its own way, and yes there is an iodine deficiency which we created a seaweed seasoning

to help with that. Vanessa:

Oh, interesting. Carla:

Because there was a demand people asking for us to put iodine in our salt. But because

of all those complications, we were like, let's leave our salt alone. Keep it in its

whole form that the body knows what to do with. And then we offered a a seaweed seasoning.

But you'll see all different colors and all those different colors come from different

mineral compositions coming from the different regions. We even have a super white, white

salt from Hawaii that is super white cause it comes from 2,000 feet under the surface

of the water at the base of a volcano. Vanessa:

Whoa. How did someone find that? Carla:

People know us in the industry as we kind of have figured out ways to launch these amazing

commodities into the U.S. market, and the U.S. market's one of the hardest ones to tap

into. Vanessa:

Really? Carla:

Yeah, when you're importing from other countries. Vanessa:

Okay. Carla:

So a lot of people write us letters and send us samples. We get dozens a month.

Vanessa: Wow, saying, "Can you please get us the part

of this?" Carla:

Yes. And that was just one that somebody came to us at a trade show and said, "You've got

to check this salt out." And it's an amazing salt. It's beautiful, and it's clean, and

it has a great source of potassium and calcium. Vanessa:

Okay. So I'm curious, when you say that it's great and it's clean, does that affect the

taste of it? Carla:

Yes. Vanessa:

Because this term of, "Oh, it's salty. It tastes like salt."

Carla: Right.

Vanessa: Is there a difference?

Carla: There is, and you'll start to notice, once

you start to taste different salts side by side, you'll start to go, "Oh, wow, I can

taste that this one's a little more bitter. This one's a little more like has a saline

taste." When you taste oysters, some people go, it's just slimy. But when you become create

a palate for it, you go, "Oh, this is more briny, or this one tastes more fresh." Or

you start to kind of compare. Same with wine or beer or cheeses, you just start to understand

different notes. A higher sodium content, you're going to have more of a bitter taste.

With higher minerals such as magnesium, potassium, and calcium, you're having a little more mild

or tastes almost like an ocean flavor. Vanessa:

Okay. Carla:

And it naturally enhances the flavor of your food as opposed to just making it salty.

Vanessa: Oh, got you. So it's really going to work

with the things that you're putting it on in a different way. I'm really curious now

after this, to taste this side by side with what I've got at home and if I have any different

types at home to see. Carla:

And the key with salt tasting is you want to start off with the highest mineral content

salt going to the highest sodium salt because once your taste buds have been triggered in

their bitter and sodium levels, you can't taste the difference of the other things.

So you got to kind of work your way up. I used to host salt parties in California. Yeah.

Vanessa: Wow! I would love to go to that.

Carla: Yeah, it was so much fun. We made cocktails

and... Vanessa:

Yeah, what do you do at a salt party? Carla:

Yeah, it's a lot of drinks. Vanessa:

Okay. You put them on the rim? Carla:

On the rim. Vanessa:

Okay. Carla:

And I did a lot of like things like edamame with salt on it or fun things where you would

need the salt on it. And then we did a salt tasting where I would show people how to kind

of taste the different notes of salt and the textures.

Vanessa: The education part of it.

Carla: Mm-hmm (affirmative).

Vanessa: Because it's not just like you said, it tastes

salty, but it could actually bring out other flavor notes in the food.

Carla: Even the shape of the crystals will cause

a different kind of, where is it going to burst in your mouth? How is it going to break

down in your mouth? Like these crystals are very coarse, so some people are a little bit,

you know, they need it to be ground up because it's strong. Whereas a flake salt, which we

offer as well, kind of dissipates in your mouth and it's not as like potent.

Vanessa: Okay. And that's actually flat flakes of salts.

Carla: Yeah.

Vanessa: Okay. I feel like I've seen that in a picture

before, but I've never bought flake salt before. Do people add that when they're cooking, or

is that more for... Carla:

Garnishing. Vanessa:

A garnish to look at the nice shape? Carla:

You can, yeah. I mean, cooking is fine with it, but I mean some people spend a lot of

money on salt , so some salts you only use for garnishment or finishing the salt.

Vanessa: Okay.

Carla: This is a great cooking salt cause it's got

the coarse crystals and it dissolves nicely into liquids and heat.

Vanessa: Okay.

Carla: And it's cheaper. So you don't want to put

a handful in your pasta water of the flakes that are so expensive, right.

Vanessa: Yeah. So would the flavor of, for example,

this is fine ground, if I had this in a coarser version, would it taste different or what

would the experience be like to compare that? Carla:

It's actually really interesting because even though these are the same salts, it's just

this one ground up. This one tastes a little different. What we have found is part of what

makes the minerals higher and in the salts that we have offered is the moisture. So when

you grind it and you lose its little crystal box encapsulation that holds the brine, the

liquid, you lose a little bit of the minerals. So you have a higher sodium. So this does

have a slightly higher sodium than the crystals. So you have a little more of a bitter taste.

Vanessa: There's something that's moisture inside.

Inside the little crystal itself, it seems quite scientific.

Carla: It is. Yeah. We've worked with lots of scientists

and doctors over the years, over 600, actually, that endorse our salt that have seen the difference

firsthand with their patients. Vanessa:

Yeah. Tell me about that health benefits or the difference in health because there's a

lot of problems with too much salt nowadays. Carla:

Definitely. Yeah. Sodium is something that is 100% needed in the body, no matter what.

We lose it constantly through sweat, tears, and going to the bathroom. So we have to replenish

it in a way that the body knows how to get it back in our body in a way that can be assimilated.

The body has... it's kind of like a key where there's a potassium pump in between the cell

walls, and without that potassium key, the sodium can't go in between the cell walls

to replenish itself. So when you have a super high sodium table salt that you're using,

you're going to have swelling. You're going to have all these issues because the sodium

can't get into the cell walls where it needs to go.

Vanessa: Oh, interesting.

Carla: But if you have a salt that, even if it has

similar sodium content but also has potassium, that potassium pump can actually work, and

the sodium can go and hydrate the areas that need to go.

Vanessa: So having the other minerals with it can help

the sodium to actually be more beneficial for your body.

Carla: Right. Now there are some people with sodium

sensitivities that obviously we do have salts for those people as well.

Vanessa: Really?

Carla: Yeah, because that is a thing, too. Everybody's

different just like your body reacts differently to caffeine or to dairy, you need to listen

to your own body. Vanessa:

Yeah. Yeah. So I'm curious, what salt do you use at home?

Carla: Oh, gosh.

Vanessa: I'm sure you have a plethora.

Carla: I do. My table's covered in salt with all

these different jars, and right now because I am pregnant I am more on the higher potassium

because my potassium level was so low. Vanessa:

Oh, interesting, okay. So you're using that to help supplement your baby.

Carla: Right, right. Yeah.

Vanessa: When you use it, are you just using a little

bit, and that's enough to give you potassium? Because I know when you take a pill, there's

a big amount of something in there like a supplement.

Carla: Yeah. Right. I was still taking a pill because

I was so low, but I realized, okay, I'm going to not go with my magnesium, my high sodium

salts. I'm going to go with my potassium ones, and I'll just pinch it. And your tongue is

a great tester. If something tastes good to you, and it feels like it's satisfying, that's

usually your body's saying, "I needed this." There are some cases where it's extreme. If

you're going to eat a whole chocolate cake over there, your body probably doesn't need

all that chocolate cake. Vanessa:

You can overindulge, but when you eat something that's got just enough of the seasoning on

it, then that could be really helpful. Carla:

Yeah, and a lot of the doctors, what they saw was people have this unquenchable salty

tooth where they can't seem to get enough, but when they switch them to a high mineral

sodium sea salt ratio, their salty tooth becomes a little more quenched because their body's

finally getting the sodium where it needs to go in their body. It's really fascinating.

I wish there were more studies. Vanessa:

So maybe they were lessening the amount of salt that they were intaking, but they're

intaking the right type? Carla:

Right. Yeah. They finally felt that satisfaction. Yeah, and this is just in people's practices

where they contacted us and shared these stories, even in children, they were saying.

Vanessa: Oh, wow. I'm really curious to test that on

myself, too, and try and with different things, and I think people around the world, My students

can do that as well, especially if there's something that, like with the U.S., Morton

salt. It's just the typical salt that you're probably going to find in a lot of typical

places. Carla:

The American salt, right? Vanessa:

Yeah, I'm sure a lot of other countries have that kind of typical thing, too, but to try

something that's actually been maybe more studied and has a lot of thought gone into

it. It'd be interesting to feel that difference yourself.

Carla: Yeah, definitely.

Vanessa: So I'm curious when, because this is your

family's business, is everyone in your family involved in Celtic salt? Sea salt?

Carla: We have a huge family, so no.

Vanessa: Okay.

Carla: There's only a handful of us that are still

involved. Vanessa:

So you chose, "I'm going to do this." Carla:

Yeah. Vanessa:

Okay. Carla:

I went to culinary school, and then it just kind of seemed to be a nice fit, and yeah,

it's just been a passion that we've all kind of shared for years.

Vanessa: Nice.

Carla: My sister is a Pilates instructor in New York,

so she kind of went on her own thing, which is cool.

Vanessa: Yeah.

Carla: I stayed here and just continued the legacy.

Vanessa: And that's awesome. So when you were growing

up, I'm sure that was something that was big in your family.

Carla: Yeah.

Vanessa: Did they also have a table of salt?

Carla: Yeah, oh, our whole family is... They're all

about the salt. Vanessa:

Sure. Carla:

They send us pictures. "I'm at this grocery store. Here it is," or "I'm in this country

here. Here it is." So that's fun. Vanessa:

Oh, that's so cool. Vanessa:

How did you enjoy that conversation with Carla? Was it a little fast, a little tricky? Did

you understand everything? I hope that it made you think about something, salt, that

we don't often think about. Next is a vocabulary lesson. You're going to see my husband Dan

and I explaining some key expressions that you heard in that conversation with Carla.

After our explanations, you're going to see a clip from the original conversation with

Carla so that you can just remember the original context and use them yourself. All right,

let's get started with the vocabulary lesson. Vanessa:

The first expression that we're going to talk about today is the word "sustainable."

Dan: Ooh, "sustainable."

Vanessa: The typical way that we usually use this is

to talk about the environment, and that's how Carly used it. She was talking about how

different salt practices are sustainable for the environment or unsustainable for the environment,

but there are some other ways we can use this as well. How would you use the word "sustainable"?

Dan: Sustainable. Yeah. So I think today, primarily

I do think environmentally, and some people even just say "sustainability." Like, "We

have great sustainability in this country," or "We're very unsustainable." I think most

environmentalists say that we're unsustainable right now. But yeah, there's other ways you

can use this. You can use it in certain situations that you don't think can continue. So maybe,

for example, you're in a relationship with somebody, and you argue all the time. Somebody

might be talking with you and saying, "Yeah, I don't think your relationship is sustainable.

I don't think it can keep on going." Vanessa:

Yeah, you can't continue at that in that same way for a long time, at least while still

being happy. It's not possible. And you could even use this to talk about your English practice.

If you say, "Okay, I'm going to make an English plan for myself. I'm going to study for five

hours every day." Do you think that that's sustainable?

Dan: No.

Vanessa: No, because you have to have a life, too.

You have to eat and sleep and go to work and hopefully see some family and friends. It's

not possible to continue doing that. So you might say to yourself, "Okay, I need to create

a sustainable English practice." Dan:

Ooh. Vanessa:

"What is something that I can continue on doing into the future?" Maybe it's something

simple like, "Okay, I'm going to listen to a couple minutes of this vocabulary lesson

every day while I drive to work." Cool. Okay. I think that's pretty sustainable. You can

continue doing that without too much stress to your personal environment. So what we're

going to do for each of these vocabulary words, is we're going to also show you a clip from

the conversation with Carla so that you can see how it was originally used, which is what

we're going to do now. Let's watch the clip. Carla:

This started a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years, and it's still

there today. This started a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years.

This started a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years.

Dan: The next expression is "thought process,"

and this just means a way of thinking or thinking deeply about something. And I think we usually

say this when you want to maybe question somebody, either if they did something wrong or if they're

just doing something well and you want more details. For example, maybe somebody is like

a science student, and they solved a problem that was really difficult. You could ask them,

"What was your thought process when you went into this problem? How did you think about

it?" And so "process" means that you're going step by step how you did something. So it's

something in detail. Vanessa:

Yeah, maybe you want to imitate what they did. What was your thought process so that

I can imitate that in future experiments? Dan:

Right. But on the other hand, if somebody did something wrong, most people would probably

say, "What were you thinking?" But you could also say, "What was your thought process here?

Why did you do that?" Vanessa:

Yeah. It's just another way to say, "Huh? Why in the world did you make this terrible

decision?" But it's a little more indirect than "What were you thinking" or "What was

your thought process? Why did you think that driving the car down the street when it was

icy was a good idea? What was your thought process?" And maybe you didn't have a thought

process. Maybe you just did it. You didn't think about it, but it's maybe someone questioning

your judgment. Vanessa:

You can also use this to explain or defend yourself. So a common way to use this is to

say, "My thought process was..." So let's see, if I decide to save money, and I want

to save a lot of money. And in the end, maybe I don't really save that much. But someone

might ask you, "Why are you trying to save money?" If I say, "Oh, I can't go out to eat,

I'm doing other stuff," and I might say, "My thought process was if I save enough money,

then I can replace my car because our car is getting old or it's breaking down a lot."

So I'm just kind of explaining why I'm doing something. Why am I saving money? My thought

process was I'm doing this because I want to hopefully buy a different car in the future.

So you can use it to defend yourself. "Why are you doing this?" "Oh, my thought process

was this. Please understand." So you can use it in both ways as a question or as a defense.

All right, let's watch this so you can see how it was used.

Vanessa: It's incredible that they had the thought

process to say, "We need to save wood. Let's use what we've got." Nature, the sun. It's

incredible that they had the thought process to say, "We need to save wood. Let's use what

we've got." It's incredible that they had the thought process to say, "We need to save

wood. Let's use what we've got." Vanessa:

The next expression is "to tackle." Dan:

Ahh! Vanessa:

Yeah. Have you ever watched rugby or American football? The players will just slam into

each other and kind of like wrestling, push each other down.

Dan: It literally means to grab and throw somebody

down, but you go down with them. Vanessa:

Yeah. So you are tackling someone. This is the literal definition of "to tackle," but

is that how Carla used it? Dan:

No. So yeah, there's a figurative way that we use this that is probably more common and

it's just- Vanessa:

Yeah, we use this all the time. Dan:

Yeah. It just means to do something that's really difficult and big, maybe too big, even.

For example, if you say, "I'm going to learn 1,000 words tonight"...

Vanessa: Whoa.

Dan: ...you're probably tackling too much.

Vanessa: Yeah. If you say, "I'm going to tackle these

verbs" or I'm going to tackle some big problem," just like the American football example with

you're physically taking down a big person, that's a big task. It's not impossible, but

it's just a big task. So maybe this year, at the beginning of the year, you decided

you had a couple goals for yourself. "I'm going to tackle my fear of public speaking."

Ooh. So maybe you're going to join a public speaking organization and just practice public

speaking each month, or you're going to do something actively to try to overcome some

difficulty. "Oh, that's a lot to tackle, but you can do it."

Dan: Yeah. It's kind of used as like a confidence

boost. And some people just say, "It's a lot to tackle, but I think I can do it." Right?

So you just put it in this one catchphrase. "It's a lot to tackle."

Vanessa: Yeah. "So learning all of these verbs is a

lot to tackle, but I think I can do it." So I hope for you that all of the vocabulary

from this lesson, even though it's a lot to tackle over the whole month, you can do it.

Study little by little. Keep practicing. You can tackle it. You can do it. All right, let's

watch the clip. Carla:

They've lifted that sense, but it's a huge investment, as you can imagine, to tackle

that kind of distribution, and we're still a family owned company. We've never had investors.

Everything has been grassroots grown. But it's a huge investment, as you can imagine,

to tackle that kind of distribution. But it's a huge investment, as you can imagine to tackle

that kind of distribution. Dan:

The next expression is "on top of," and this can mean as it literally sounds, you're on

the top of something or at the greatest point. For example, "I'm on top of the world!" People

say that figurative, actually. It means that you're the best person ever if you say, "I'm

on top of the world" or- Vanessa:

You might be on top of Mount Everest, though. In this case you are literally on top of the

world. Dan:

Ooh, that's true. But you may also say to your child, "Don't stand on top of the table.

Right. Don't stand on the top of it. So this is literal, but we also use this to mean "in

addition to." So "I have a lot of homework and on top of that, I also..."

Vanessa: Have a part-time job.

Dan: Yeah. "I also have to work tonight." Right?

So this plus this. And we would say that if it's we're already kind of overwhelmed or

we already have something big, then you're going to say, "I have this on top of this

other thing." Vanessa:

Yeah. It's usually adding responsibility. So it can be used in a positive way, like,

"Oh, he's such a great guy. And on top of that, he's really handsome." You can use it

in that positive way, but I feel like it's used negatively more often. What do you think?

Dan: Yeah, I mean that sounded all right, what

you said. Vanessa:

Yeah. It's natural. But I feel like we tend to use this in a more negative way.

Dan: Certainly, if you have a lot going on, that's

usually the situation. You have a lot going on, and on top of that you have other things.

Vanessa: Yes. A lot of stuff going on. What if I said,

"I was really on top of my game last night"? Dan:

Yeah. Yeah. You're really on top of your game. That means that you're playing the best or

doing the best that you possibly can. You're on top of your game. You can also just say,

"I'm on top of it." Vanessa:

Yes. Dan:

Meaning that you're on it. You're doing it. You're doing the best you can.

Vanessa: You're staying current. So maybe if your boss

says, "How's the project going? Is it going to be done by 4:00 PM today?" You could say,

"Yep, I'm on top of it." Dan:

Yeah, and you can kind of picture like literally standing or sitting on this thing, right.

Vanessa: You are conquering it.

Dan: You are conquering it. You're on top of it.

Vanessa: Yeah. I think that's a common expression to

say, "Don't worry, I got it. I'm not falling behind. I'm not procrastinating. I'm on top

of it." And that could even be a personality trait, too, like "she is always on top of

it. She always knows what's going on and she doesn't forget little things." This is kind

of an A-type personality. She's always on top of it, and "it" means life.

Dan: Yeah, or on top of things.

Vanessa: On top of things. Yes, that could be different

things that are going on in her life. Because we talked about a couple of different ways

to use this like standing on top of... Dan:

The world. Vanessa:

...a mountain, to be on top of something or one thing on top of another, kind of building

this responsibility, I recommend checking out the lesson guide so that you can just

visually see each of those sentences. It's going to help you to remember them, but also

hopefully be able to use them yourself. That's the goal. I hope so. All right. Let's watch

the clips that you can see how I use this wonderful expression to talk about salt. Let's

watch. Carla:

The bleaching caused it to be bitter, so they had to sweeten it. So they added dextrous,

which causes it to be sticky so it wouldn't shake out of the jar. So they added anti-caking

agent chemicals. Vanessa:

One thing top of another. One thing on top of another. One thing on top of another.

Vanessa: The next expression is "to come to terms with

something." There's lot of words in this expression, but "to come to terms with something" means

you're accepting something that is maybe emotionally difficult. And I feel like we have to do this

a lot in life. In order to live somewhat satisfied, you have to come to terms with difficult things

in your life and then move on. So what is something for you that you've come to terms

with and you've lived? Dan:

Yes, I have a personal example. Vanessa:

Okay. Dan:

So some of you might have struggles with body image. I will say that it wasn't a huge struggle

for me, but in puberty I realized that I'm a really skinny guy. Right? So that used to

bother me. I kind of wanted to be bigger and stronger, but I had to come to terms with

the fact that I will never be a buff guy. I will never be very big or strong. I'm just

a skinny guy, and I've come to terms with that. I came to terms with it a long time

ago. It doesn't bother me anymore. I've embraced it, one may say. I wear skinny jeans or a

skinny shirt, and I just say, "Look at me. I'm a skinny guy and I like it."

Vanessa: So you have really come to terms with it,

but this is something that may be for you and puberty as you're kind of learning about

yourself and your body's changing, you feel- Dan:

I used to hate it. Vanessa:

Yeah, it's a difficult thing. And then you realized, "Okay, this is just who I am," especially

I think this might have been a difficult thing for you because your brother is twice-

Dan: He's huge.

Vanessa: He's like twice as big as you are. He's like

a big football player kind of guy. So it's kind of the opposite of your body type. So

maybe growing up you had to really come to terms with the fact that you're different

from your brother and just different kind of guy.

Dan: Yeah, it was mostly, probably just thinking

about with the ladies, honestly, like, will they think I'm just too scrawny? "Scrawny"

is like the really bad word for "skinny." Vanessa:

It's not a bad word as in a curse word, but it just feels really negative.

Dan: Yeah.

Vanessa: Did it work out for you with the ladies?

Dan: It worked out in the end.

Vanessa: Good. I'm curious, what is something that

for you, you have needed to come to terms with? You might have noticed that in Dan's

sentence, in his example, he said, "Come to terms with the fact that." So here he is stating

that "It's a fact. I'm a skinny guy." Dan:

I can't change it. Vanessa:

"This is something I can't change." Or you might say, "I just need to come to terms with

the fact that my native language of Japanese is completely different than English. I can't

change that, but I'm still going to try my best to learn English." So it is a fact that

Japanese and English are way different. We don't really share any grammar or any vocabulary,

but your native language is Japanese. You can't change that. So you could say, "I need

to come to terms with the fact that English is a little bit more challenging for me because

of my native language. But I'm not going to let it stop me. I'm not going to let it hold

me back. I'm going to push on." This is something that's maybe a little difficult, but you are

going to embrace it and continue on in life. Dan:

Yes. Vanessa:

All right, let's watch the clips. You can see how this wonderful expression was used.

Carla: What we have kind of come to terms with is

we've realized the salt is actually perfect in its own way. What have kind of come to

terms with is we've realized the salt is actually perfect in its own way. What we have kind

of come to terms with as we've realized the salt is actually perfect in its own way.

Dan: The next expression is "side by side." Hey,

we're sitting side by side right now. Vanessa:

We are. Dan:

Yeah. So this just means "next to each other." And so you could use this in a kind of comparative

way, like Carla said in the conversation. "So when you try the salts side by side,"

meaning right next to each other, one after another, then you'll be able to tell a difference.

So this is a little more complex way to use "side by side."

Vanessa: I feel like whenever someone asked me specifically

about a small difference in something, I often use this expression. "I need to hear them

side by side" or "I need to taste them side by side." So for example, we watch some Miyazaki

movies. This is a Japanese animator who makes some great movies for kids, but also for adults.

And there are some different English translations of those movies.

Dan: Yeah, it's a couple of versions. There's some

debate about what's better. Vanessa:

There's some debate about which one is best. So we thought, "Oh, maybe we should buy the

DVD of those movies so that we can continue to watch them instead of trying to find them

online every single time we want to watch them." And then we thought, "Which version

should we get? There's different versions in English. Which one should we get?" And

then I said, "I don't really hear a difference unless I listen to them side by side. I think

both are great. Both versions and English are great, but I can't hear the difference

unless I hear them side by side." So this means directly one after another, the same

sentence, then the same sentence. Otherwise it sounds the same.

Dan: Yeah, and you may even say, "I need a side

by side comparison," so use it as an adjective like that. But we also use the "side by side"

maybe as a camaraderie expression. So if you're together in something, right? "We walked side

by side into the difficult situation." I don't feel like it's super common anymore.

Vanessa: You might hear that, though. It kind of means

that you are together. "We are struggling with this together."

Dan: Right. "We're doing this side by side. We're

together in this." Vanessa:

Yeah. Yeah. You could use it like that, and it could also just mean as simple as what

Dan said at the very beginning, "We are sitting side by side on the couch." Okay. Yeah. It's

something very literal and... Dan:

That's a fact. Vanessa:

...very simple. All right, let's watch the clips that you can see how we used "side by

side" to talk about tasting different salts. Carla:

Once you start to taste different salts side by side, you'll start to go, "Oh, wow, I can

taste that. This one's a little more bitter." Once you start to taste different salts side

by side, you'll start to go, "Oh, wow, I can taste that. This one's a little more bitter."

Once you start to taste different salts side by side, you'll start to go, "Oh, wow, I can

taste that this one's a little more bitter." Vanessa:

The next expression is "to be all about something." Dan:

"All about." Vanessa:

Yeah, so in the conversation, Carla was saying that her family is all about salt.

Dan: Makes sense.

Vanessa: Yeah. That means that they like, very intensely,

salt. Dan:

Yes. Vanessa:

Her family's been involved in the salt business for a long time, so she can say, "We're all

about salt." Dan:

And they know all about salt. They know almost everything about it.

Vanessa: Yeah. Yeah. So they are deeply involved in

that. They like it a lot. "We're all about salt." If you like something a lot, maybe

if you like English a lot, you can say, "Yeah, I'm all about English. Every moment of every

day, that's what I think about. I'm all about English." But it could also be to talk about

a main reason for something. So how would you use this if you were going to use it to

talk about a main reason? Dan:

The main reason? Vanessa:

Yeah. Dan:

What comes to mind for me, obviously, is hockey. Vanessa:

Okay. Dan:

Because I love hockey. So "hockey is all about skating" or "being good at hockey is all about

skating. Can you skate well?" So this is the primary factor. The thing you need to know

more than anything else or the thing you need to be able to do more than anything else.

So you could say, "Yeah, being good at hockey is all about skating."

Vanessa: I would say the same thing about starting

a business. Starting a business- Dan:

It's all about skating? Vanessa:

It's not all about skating. That would be pretty fun, though. Maybe a hockey business.

But starting a business is all about dedication. If you are willing to dedicate your time and

your energy, then you're probably going to succeed.

Dan: It's all about diligence.

Vanessa: Yeah, it's a really important factor, is diligence

and dedication. So starting a business is all about dedication. Yes, you need good ideas.

You need to be probably good at what you're doing, but if you're not dedicated, it's not

going to work. Dan:

Yeah, and this is an exaggeration, so it's not literally all about this. You need to

know other things, too. But if you really want to emphasize the most important thing,

then you'll say "all about." Vanessa:

Yes, "it is all about dedication. It is all about skating." Or you could just say, "I'm

all about English," and it means that you like English a lot.

Dan: Yeah. You always... You love it. You want

to study all the time. Yeah, that's probably you, right?

Vanessa: Yeah. I hope so. All right. Let's watch the

clip so that you could see how this was used. Carla:

Our whole family is... They're all about the salt.

Vanessa: Sure.

Carla: They send us pictures. "I'm at this grocery

store. Here it is," or "I'm in this country. Here it is," so it's fun.

Vanessa: Oh, that's so cool.

Carla: Our whole family is... They're all about the

salt. Our whole family is... They're all about the salt.

Vanessa: How did you enjoy that vocabulary lesson?

I hope it was useful and enjoyable for you. Next, it's time for a grammar lesson, where

we're going to focus on some important phrasal verbs that you heard in the original conversation

with Carla. Phrasal verbs are an essential key to English sentences to help you sound

natural. So I hope that the phrasal verbs we talk about in this lesson will help you

to expand what you can say and also to understand native speakers better. All right, let's get

started. Vanessa:

The first phrasal verb that we're going to talk about is "to use up." And when we use

something, you're just making use of it. But what is "use up"? Is it putting it up high?

Dan: No. That means you have finished something.

Vanessa: Completely.

Dan: Or used something completely, and we often

use this for things in the kitchen. For example, we eat a lot of oatmeal. Therefore we have

used up the oatmeal. Or if somebody is looking for something in the kitchen, they might say,

"Where's the oatmeal? Where's the flour? Where's the milk?" And you can say, "Oh, I'm sorry

I used up all the milk." Vanessa:

Or we could split this phrasal verb and say, "I used it up" because we already know that

we're talking about milk, so we can just replace the word "milk" with "it." "Oh, sorry. I used

it up when I was making some hot chocolate last night, or when I was doing something

else." "I used it up" or "I used up the milk." It's completely gone, but we can also use

this a little bit more figuratively. Dan:

Yeah. People do use it figuratively sometimes. Maybe they say, "I've used up my energy."

If you're awake, you probably still have energy, but if you're just really tired, you could

say, "I've used up my energy." Vanessa:

Yep. I'm completely ready to rest. Dan:

Yeah. And perhaps somebody will say, "I've used up my patience."

Vanessa: Oh! Okay.

Dan: That means that you're not going to wait for

somebody anymore. Or sometimes if you have a child, they may be... Oh, our kid does this

all the time, just trying to distract you and do one more thing and just keep on doing

what he's doing and not listening. You could say, "All right, I've used up all my patience"

or "I've used up my patience." Vanessa:

Let's do this. Let's go. Dan:

"It's time to go to bed now." Vanessa:

Yeah, you might use this. If you're a teacher, you might say, "Ugh, today was such a hard

day. I used up all my patience, and I'm ready to go home." So you can use up something that's

a little bit more figurative, like patience, energy, or you can also use up money, like

if you are saving to buy maybe a new car. And then you buy the car, you can say, "I

used up all my savings to buy the car." So your savings is completely gone. Your savings

account is at zero, or figuratively, maybe close to zero, and you've used up that money.

Carla: Instead of boiling the water, boiling to evaporate

it, using up all the valuable wood that they needed for other things back then, they realized

that they needed to create these ponds using these clay beds. And using up all the valuable

wood that they needed for other things back then and using up all the valuable wood that

they needed for other things back then. Vanessa:

The next phrasal verb is "to come from," and here we're talking about originating at some

destination, but I want to let you know that we do not use this to talk about your country.

If someone says, "Oh, where are you from?" If you said, "I come from Brazil," it feels

really weird. It's kind of like you're a package that's being mailed from Brazil.

Dan: Yeah, it sounds too impersonal or like a real

origin, like "I was born in Brazil," right? "Brazil made me."

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: It's kind of got a weird feel to it.

Vanessa: You might hear this in really, really formal

situations, but I just want to let you know upfront that we don't talk about this specifically

for your home country, but there's a lot of other ways that we can talk about "come from"

for people or for items. So what do you think is a main way that we use "to come from"?

Dan: So I think somebody might use this in a question

a lot if they don't know where something came from. So if there's something in your house

that you don't know where it's from, you might ask, "Where did this come from?"

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: And then Vanessa might say, "Oh, it came from

Target," for example. Vanessa:

It came from Amazon. Dan:

Yeah, it came from Amazon. Vanessa:

The most likely situation. Dan:

Yes. Vanessa:

So if you are a walking in someone's house that you haven't been in before, and they

have a really cool statue, a really cool painting, you could say, "Oh, that's really cool. Where

did that come from?" And you can use it in that questioning situation, "Where did it

come from?" But we can also use this for maybe for defending yourself as well. Like, "I don't

know where it came from." This is kind of the classic teenage situation that if your

mom goes into your bedroom and she smells weed, for example, which is marijuana. So

if she smells that and she's like, "What is that smell?" You're like, "Oh, mom, I don't

know where that smell came from." You're kind of defending yourself. "It wasn't me!"

Dan: Sure!

Vanessa: So you might say, "I don't know where it came

from," and this is a vague sense. We're not talking specifically about the destination.

Dan: Or you might say, "Where'd that come from?"

Vanessa: "Oh, where'd that come from? My friend must

have put that in my bag. I didn't even know. Where did that come from?" So we often use

it in those kind of vague situations. "Where did that come from? I don't know where it

came from." Dan:

And actually, people use that question if they're really surprised about something somebody

said, if you say something really rude or mean, you might ask, "Where'd that come from?"

Vanessa: Oh, so this is kind of the figurative sense

of using it. Dan:

Yeah, a little more figurative. Vanessa:

If someone is pretty positive, and you're having a good conversation, then all of a

sudden they say, "Oh, it's so terrible, blah, blah, blah." And they feel really frustrated,

right, instantly, you might say, "Whoa, where did that frustration come from?" So it's like,

where did your frustration originate from? Because all of a sudden, you just kind of

felt frustrated. It seemed kind of weird that that just happened.

Dan: But you would always ask, "Where did that

come from?" Vanessa:

Yeah. "Whoa. Where'd that come from?" That means that statement or that feeling that

you're expressing. But there is another figurative way that we can use this that is often used,

quite interesting. Dan:

Yes, "You need to see where I'm coming from." Vanessa:

Oh, yes. Dan:

Or "Can't you see where I'm coming from?" Vanessa:

What does this mean? "Can't you see where I'm coming from?" Does it mean my home? I'm

coming from my home? Dan:

No. It means your point of view, from your perspective or your opinion. So if you say

this to somebody, you're basically telling them that they're only thinking about themselves,

only thinking about their feelings. So if you say, "You need to see where I'm coming

from," that kind of reminds them that you have an opinion or a feeling in this situation.

Vanessa: I know I've used that in discussions or arguments

with Dan before. Dan:

Oh, yes. Vanessa:

Where I've said, "Oh, can't you see where I'm coming from?" Just to put in perspective

that- Dan:

It's probably a common female refrain. Vanessa:

Maybe just "Please see it from my perspective." And it's not necessarily rude. It's just saying,

"Okay, please look at it from my perspective. Can't you see where I'm coming from?" Or "Don't

you see where I'm coming from?" You're asking them to say, "Okay, I understand why you have

that point of view. Maybe I don't agree with it, but I understand." So this could be if,

for example, maybe if you don't agree with something that your parents say and you feel

like, "Oh, their generation is so different," you might think to yourself, "I understand

where they're coming from. I understand their point of view because of the way they grew

up, because of their parents, because the world was very different back then. So I understand

where they're coming from. I understand their point of view. That's kind of the origin of

their thoughts." This is a lovely phrasal verb with many different meanings.

Carla: But you'll see all different colors, and all

those different colors come from different mineral compositions coming from the different

regions. And all those different colors come from different mineral compositions coming

from the different regions. And all those different colors come from different mineral

compositions coming from the different regions. Vanessa:

The next phrasal verb is "to start off" or "to start off with something," and you can

imagine the verb "to start" is the beginning. But when we use "to start off with," we usually

are talking about the beginning of some kind of series of events. So multiple things are

happening afterwards. For example, if I said, "Oh, man, I really, I want to make bread,

but I don't know how to make bread." If Dan is a bread expert, he might say, "To start

off with, you need to have a good recipe." Dan:

Toss the flour into the air. Vanessa:

Oh, wow. You're really an expert. Dan:

That's from the magic of practice. Vanessa:

Throw flour in the air, and it just comes down like a loaf of bread. Amazing. So we're

saying, "to start off with, you need to do this." We're using that phrasal verb kind

of as an introduction to the series. "To start off with, you need to do this and here's kind

of the things that you need to do." Dan:

Yeah, I think you use this usually when you're introducing something or if you're giving

instructions. So if you're giving instructions, you might tell the other person, "We need

to start off with this" or if you're- Vanessa:

You need to start off with a good recipe, then get the ingredients, then have a lot

of time. Dan:

Right. Or if you are maybe making a presentation, you might say, "We're going to start off today

with a little bit of a story," for example. Vanessa:

Yeah, so you could use it to begin something that's going to have several other events

or activities that happen afterwards. So in Dan's sentence, he said, "I'm starting the

meeting by saying, 'Oh, we're going to start off today with something.'" I want to let

you know that you're also going to hear the word "by." "We're going to start off today

by telling a joke. We're going to start off today with telling a joke." You could use

either. You're going to hear both of those, but the main part, "start off with" or "start

off," it's going to be the same for all of these.

Carla: And the key with salt tasting is you want

to start off with the highest mineral content salt going to the highest sodium salt. You

want to start off with the highest mineral content salt. You want to start off with the

highest mineral content salt. Vanessa:

Were any of those phrasal verbs new to you? I hope that our explanations help you to remember

them and learn how to use them in real conversations. Next, it's time for a pronunciation lesson.

We're going to take an in depth look at a couple sentences that you heard in the original

conversation. I'm going to break those down step by step so that you can imitate our pronunciation.

So what I want you to do is I want you to try to repeat with me, speak out loud, use

your pronunciation muscles. It's great to hear me, but it's even better if you speak

out loud yourself. So I challenge you to be active, and let's get started.

Vanessa: Hi. Welcome to this month's pronunciation

lesson. Today we're going to be focusing on five sentences that you heard in the conversation

with Carla. And each of those sentences features a vocabulary expression or a phrasal verb

that we talked about in the previous lessons, so I hope that this will help you to remember

those words and pronounce them correctly. What we're going to do is we're going to take

a look at the clip, and then I'm going to help you break down the sentence so that you

can say it exactly the way that we did, and then we're going to watch it again. I hope

that your understanding will improve, but also your pronunciation skills. All right,

let's start with the first sentence. Carla:

So this started a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years, and it's

still there today. This started a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years.

This started a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years.

Vanessa: In this sentence, you heard Carla say, "This

started a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years." She's talking about

the method of creating salt. Instead of burning wood, they're using the sun to evaporate the

water, and this is a sustainable process. The sun is always going to be hot, so it's

easy to evaporate with the sun, and it's sustainable for the earth as well. So let's break down

this sentence starting at the beginning. Vanessa:

In the beginning of the sentence, she says, "This started." "Started." This e-d word "started"

ends in an "id" sound. "Started." What's another sound that you hear? The word "start" ends

in a T, but this T is changing to a D. This is super typical in American English that

T's changed to D sounds. So I want you to say this with me. "This started." It kind

of sounds like "star" plus "did." "Started." "This started." "This started." I want you

to be as active as possible during this lesson. So whenever I'm saying something, and I'm

repeating something a couple of times, I hope that you can say it out loud, too. It's great

to listen to my voice, but it's even better if you can say it out loud yourself.

Vanessa: All right, let's go to the next part of the

sentence. "A very sustainable practice. A very sustainable practice." Let's break down

that big word here. Sustain-able. That final part sounds like "uh." "Sustainable." There's

two "uh" sounds here at the beginning. Sus-tain-a-ble. So I want you to say that part with me. "A

very sustainable practice. A very sustainable practice."

Vanessa: In the next two words, she says, "That has.

That has." First, let's listen for the vowel sound. "Th-a-a." It's a short E. Even though

the word "that" has an A, "that" often in fast English, it becomes "theh," "eh," "eh."

"That has. That has. That has." But what's happening to the final T in that word? "That."

Do you hear it all? "That has." This is called a stopped T. So instead of making that T sound

with a puff of air, your tongue is going to stop at the top of your mouth. "That has."

That has." You're making a T sound. You're just not letting that puff of air escape.

"That has." "That has." And then she says, "lasted hundreds of years." "Lasted."

Vanessa: Ooh, does that sound familiar? It's similar

to "started." "We have lasted." So just think l-a-s, "las," plus "did", d-i-d. "Lasted."

"Lasted hundreds of years. Lasted hundreds of years." So both past tense verbs, "started,"

"lasted," have the same type of pronunciation. The T is changing to a D, and that final e-d

ending is going to sound like "id." "Started." "Lasted." Do you think we can put this all

together? Let's go back and take a look at this full sentence? Try to remember all those

things we talked about and we're going to see which words are emphasized so that you

can have the right cadence and rhythm in this sentence.

Vanessa: "This started a very sustainable practice

that has lasted hundreds of years." She's emphasizing "started." "This started a very

sustainable practice," emphasizing both of those words, "that has lasted hundreds of

years." She also emphasizes the word "hundreds" because that's the unimportant part of the

sentence. How many years? Hundreds of years. Let's go back and try to say this sentence

by emphasizing those important words. "This started a very sustainable practice that has

lasted hundreds of years." You want to say it with me? "This started a very sustainable

practice that has lasted hundreds of years." All right. It's your turn. I'm going to pause.

No matter where you live around the world, I'll be listening, so make sure that you say

this out loud with all of the correct pronunciation that we talked about. If you need a reminder,

you could always check out the lesson guide. Each month I send a monthly lesson guide.

This is like a mini textbook, and you can see all of the words that we've talked about

and see how they're pronounced, and that will kind of give you a a good reminder as you're

practicing this lesson. All right, it's your turn. Say the sentence all by yourself.

Vanessa: (silence)

Vanessa: Great work. Let's listen to how Carla said

it in the original conversation. Carla:

This started a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years. This started

a very sustainable practice that has lasted hundreds of years. This started a very sustainable

practice that has lasted hundreds of years. Vanessa:

Did you hear those e-d words, "started," "lasted"? I hope so. Let's go on to the second sentence

where you're going to hear the phrasal verb "to come from." Let's listen.

Carla: But you'll see all different colors, and all

those different colors come from different mineral compositions coming from the different

regions. We even have a super white, white salt from Hawaii. All those different colors

come from different mineral compositions coming from the different regions and all those different

colors come from different mineral compositions coming from the different regions.

Vanessa: In this sentence, Carla said, "All those different

colors come from different mineral compositions coming from different regions." Do you hear

a word that she repeats three times? She says "come from" twice, but she also says "different"

three times. So today this is your chance to master pronouncing this word. Let's go

back to the beginning and try to say this a little bit by a little bit together. "All

those different colors." This is the first time that we've encountered the word "different"

in the sentence. So let's say it slowly and together. Dif-rent. "Diff" with a clear F

sound. Your top teeth are on your bottom lip. "Diff." And then we have "rent, rent." It

kind of sounds like r-i-n, but we need to have a stopped T at the end. Diff-rent. That

means that your tongue is stopped at the top of your mouth. You're going to say "different,"

but you don't let that little final puff of air come out.

Vanessa: So we need to say "diff-rent." Your tongue

is stopped at the top of your mouth. "Different, different." "All those different colors."

Can you say that with me? "All those different colors. All those different colors. All of

those different colors come from diff-rent mineral compositions." Let's say that word

again. "Come from diff-rent mineral compositions. Come from diff-rent mineral compositions.

Coming from diff-rent regions." This word hasn't changed at all. All three times that

we say it, it's going to be the same pronunciation. Helpful. Great. So let's say that final part

again. "Coming from diff-rent regions. Coming from diff-rent regions." Great work. Let's

go back and say this full sentence together and try to emphasize the important words.

Vanessa: A good thing to remember is that the word

directly after "different" is going to be emphasized in this whole sentence. So we can

say, "All those different colors come from different mineral compositions coming from

different regions." So we have "colors," "mineral compositions" and "regions." Let's try to

say it together. "All those different colors come from different mineral compositions coming

from different regions." Let's speed it up. "All those different colors come from different

compositions coming from different regions." This is a great way to practice the word "different"

a lot and also the word "come from." I think this phrasal verb is repeated enough that

hopefully you'll remember it after this lesson. All right, I'm going to pause and I want you

to say this all together. Make sure that you say "diff-rent" and also that you emphasize

those correct words. Go ahead. Vanessa:

(silence) Vanessa:

Great work. Let's listen to her repeat the word "different" a lot.

Carla: All those different colors come from different

mineral compositions coming from the different regions. And all those different colors come

from different mineral compositions coming from the different regions. And all those

different colors come from different mineral compositions coming from the different regions.

Vanessa: Did you hear "different, different, different"?

I hope so. Let's go on to the third sentence where you're going to hear the expression

to be all about." Let's listen. Carla:

Our whole family is... They're all about the salt.

Vanessa: Sure.

Carla: They send us pictures. "I'm at this grocery

store. Here it is," or "I'm in this country here," so it's fun.

Vanessa: Oh, that's so cool.

Carla: Our whole family is... They're all about the

salt. Our whole family is... They're all about the salt.

Vanessa: This is actually two sentences, and I just

decided to add them together. She said, "Our whole family is... they're all about the salt."

Let's break this down. It's seems like a short sentence, but there's a lot going on. At the

beginning of this sentence. She says, "Our whole family is... Our whole family is...

Our." How is she pronouncing o-u-r? "Our. Our." Does that sound like the letter R? Yep.

It is the same pronunciation. When we say "our, our" with this slower, clearer pronunciation,

"Our whole family is... Our," it's going to be for more... slower conversations, a little

bit more intentional, but in fast conversations we just say "our." "Our whole family is..."

"Our. Our." So I want you to say that with me. "Our whole family is... Our whole family

is..." And that final word, i-s, "is" going to have a Z sound at the end. So try to say

that with me. "Our whole family is... Our whole family is... Our whole family is...

Our whole family is... Our whole family is..." Vanessa:

Let's go on to the next part. "They're all about the salt. They're all about the salt."

Let's start with the first word, "They're. They're." This is a contraction of "they"

plus "are," but she doesn't say "they're. They're." This is the clear pronunciation

for this contraction. In fast conversations, native speakers are just going to say "they're.

They're." It kind of sounds like, "Look over there. He's over there." T-h-e-r-e. So you

can kind of imagine that the Y is just gone. You can say, "They're. They're. They're all

about the salt. They're. They're." Vanessa:

And the next part she uses the key expression here, "all about the salt." Listen for the

final T on those two words that end in T. "They're all about the salt. They're all about

the salt." Do you hear the T? "They're all about the salt. No. Instead, this is going

to be that stopped T sound, so I want your tongue on the roof of your mouth, stopping

at the end of that word. "They're all about the salt. Salt, salt." If you just say "Sal,"

it's a different sound than "salt" with a stopped T. If you just say s-o-l compared

to s-o-l, "Sol, Sol" with a stopped T, or it's pronounced or it's spelled s-a-l-t, but

the pronunciation is kind of like an O. That's why I said that, but you can say "Sol" with

a stopped T, and it's going to sound much more natural.

Vanessa: Do you think we can put that final sentence

together? "They're all about the salt." Say it with me. "They're all about the salt. They're

all about the salt." Okay, let's go back and try to say all of this together, including

the first part. Let's say it and emphasize the right words. "Our whole family is... They're

all about the salt. Our whole family is... They're all about the salt." Can you guess

what we're emphasizing here? "Our whole family is... They're all about the salt." So we have

"whole family." "all" and "salt." Let's say this all together. Remember all of the reductions

that we talked about and also these emphasized words. Say it with me. "Our whole family is...

They're all about the salt. Our whole family is... They're all about the salt. Our whole

family is... They're all about the salt. Now it's your turn. Say it all by yourself. Go

ahead. Vanessa:

(silence) Vanessa:

Great work. All right, let's listen to this sentence, and I want you to listen for all

of those things that we talked about, those reductions, the stopped T's. Let's listen.

Carla: Our whole family is... They're all about the

salt. Our whole family is... They're all about the salt. Our whole family is. They're all

about the salt." Vanessa:

Are your pronunciation muscles warmed up? I hope so. Along with the conversation, vocabulary,

grammar, and pronunciation lessons, you'll also get access to the MP3 versions of all

of these lessons so that you can download them, listen to them while you're driving,

while you're running, while you're cooking breakfast, and also the full transcript so

that you can follow along and try to catch every single word. There's one more element

to the Fearless Fluency Club that you get every month and that is The Story. Let's take

a look at it. Vanessa:

The Story is a fun one-page combination of everything you studied this month, vocabulary,

grammar, pronunciation, the topic, everything is combined in The Story. You can listen to

it, repeat it, and even memorize it. I also host weekly live lessons in our private Facebook

group so that you can ask me questions and practice what you've been learning each week.

A lot of members also choose to speak together each week or even daily, sometimes on Skype,

Google Hangouts, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger. This is a great way to make friends around

the world and also to use English actively. If you'd like to join me and other members

around the world in the Fearless Fluency Club, you can check out the link up here or in the

description. Vanessa:

And now I have a question for you because we talked about salt today, and this is added

to your food, I want to know what kind of food do you like to eat? Let me know in the

comments. I hope, if you're reading the comments, you're not too hungry because I'm sure there

will be amazing dishes that you mentioned. Thanks so much for learning English with me,

and I'll see you again next Friday for a new lesson here on my YouTube channel. Bye.

Vanessa: The next step is to download my free e-book,

Five Steps to Becoming a Confident English Speaker. You'll learn what you need to do

to speak confidently and fluently. Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel for more

free lessons. Thanks so much. Bye.

{{}}

瓦内萨： 嗨。 我是来自 SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.com 的 Vanessa。

你准备好听真正的英语对话了吗？ 让我们开始吧。

瓦内萨： 今天，我有一些非常特别的东西要

和你分享。 我遇到了一个有趣的女人，她的 家庭经营盐业。 是的，盐。 你

会见到卡拉，听听她的家人 是如何在三代前开始从事盐业的

。 您还将了解一些差异和 不同类型的盐，以及对

每个人都需要 但我们不经常考虑的东西的一些有趣见解。 我

相信你也有你热爱的 事情，所以这是一个很好的机会来倾听

我们的谈话并尝试模仿 我们说话的方式。

Vanessa： 在整个对话过程中，你会

在这里看到字幕。 这将 展示一些词汇、短语动词和重要的

发音，我们将 在对话课之后讨论，因为在

与 Carla 的对话课之后，你 将听到

我丈夫丹和我之间的词汇课， 我们将在其中 解释

您在与 Carla 的对话中听到的一些重要词汇表达。 我希望你能够更好地记住

这些表达方式，因为 我们正在就

这些表达方式进行自然对话。 Vanessa：

然后，您将有一节语法课， 我们将重点关注

您在与 Carla 的对话中听到的一些重要短语动词。 最后，在最后，我们将有一个发音

课，我们将专注于 您在对话中听到的一些重要句子，

以及您如何准确地 自己发音以尽可能自然地说话。

Vanessa： 这是一个非常重要的教训。 有很多

事情发生。 我们有对话、词汇、 语法和发音。 所以，你可以随时

点击CC，也就是字幕，这样 你就可以捕捉到我们谈论的每一个字。

如果你喜欢这节课，我希望你 能加入我的 Fearless Fluency Club

，每个月你都会得到这样的课程 。 今天，你只会看到

一个课程集的一半不到，但 每个月，我都会给你发送一个新的课程集，一个

完整的，在那里你可以学习新的主题、 词汇、语法、发音， 并

自己练习使用这些对话技巧。 瓦内萨：

好吧，我们去见卡拉。 大家好！ 我和卡拉在一起，卡拉有一个非常

有趣的家族企业要与 我们分享。 我也有一些视觉辅助工具，但

我会让你解释一下。 你说你 做什么，或者你会说你的家人做什么？

你会如何描述它？ 卡拉：

当然。 我是海盐 家族企业的第三代。

瓦内萨： 好的。

卡拉： 我的祖父，早在 70 年代，是

第一个开始从国外进口海盐 的人。 他把它装在手提箱里

，他不知道要收多少钱。 他就像，“我不知道，我会把它收起来，

给我 5 美元。” 这就是 为未来 30 年设定的价格。 我们只是把它放在那里。

瓦内萨： 真的吗？

卡拉： 是的。

Vanessa： 所以，他只是想，“哦，人们会买

这个。” 这很酷。 卡拉：

是的。 Vanessa：

他是在家里做的，还是…… Carla：

不。他最初来自比利时，或者他 曾经是。 他去世了。 但是，是的，他是 Michio Kushi 最好的

朋友，他 是把长寿菌带到

美国的人。 瓦内萨：

哦，好吧。 Carla

：Michio 告诉他，“你需要将 海盐带入这个国家，因为

在某些时候会出现矿物质短缺， 而他们将需要这个。” 所以我的祖父

走遍了欧洲，试图找到他能找到的 最干净、矿物质含量最高的海盐

，他在 法国布列塔尼海岸和这个

叫做盖朗德的小镇定居下来。 瓦内萨：

好的。 卡拉

：他们采用了 这种源自凯尔特人的古老收割技术。

瓦内萨： 好的。 所以这就是它的起源，

名字。 卡拉：

是的，他们认为最初是凯尔特人 这样做的，但后来研究

表明， 这种收获技术可以追溯到更远的亚洲。

瓦内萨： 哇。

卡拉： 他们总是在

我们其他人之前做某事。 瓦内萨：

当然。 Carla：

因此，他们没有将水煮沸、沸腾 蒸发并耗尽

他们当时做其他事情所需的所有有价值的木材 ，而是意识到他们需要

用这些粘土床创造这些池塘， 让阳光和风来做

他们的蒸发。 所以这开始了一种非常可持续的做法 ，已经持续了数百年，

今天仍然存在。 瓦内萨：

哇。 令人难以置信的是，他们有这样的 思维过程说，“我们需要节省木材。

让我们利用我们所拥有的。” 自然, 太阳. 卡拉：

对。 凡妮莎：

为了能够做到这一点，那么在这一点 上，盐的起源仍然在那个地区吗？

Carla： 所以我们从世界各地进口，

我们发现了一些非常令人着迷的高科技 方法，它们仍在可持续地收获

和生产 具有不同矿物质成分的各种不同种类的盐。

Vanessa： 所以我很想详细了解

一下。 卡拉：

是的。 瓦内萨：

我想给他们看你带来的盐。 卡拉：

当然。 Vanessa：

这在国际上可用吗？ 卡拉

：是的。 瓦内萨：

好的。 所以也许他们已经看到了这一点。 它主要 在欧洲还是可能在任何地方？

卡拉： 欧洲部分地区。 我们也在马来西亚，澳大利亚。

几年前我们在研究中国， 但他们有很多关于它的法律

，必须加碘。 从那以后他们已经取消了这一点 ，但正如你可以想象的那样，这是一项巨大的投资

来解决这种分配问题。 而且我们仍然是一家家族企业。 我们

从来没有投资者。 一切都是草根的 。

瓦内萨： 哇，这真是太棒了。 所以如果你看到

这个品牌，凯尔特海盐，我会放上 所有网站的链接。

卡拉： 好的。

瓦内萨： 所以你可以检查一下。 但如果你看到了，

那就是我们正在谈论的公司， 这家公司是优质的，普通的

白色，你认得是盐。 卡拉：

对。 Vanessa：

但你也带来了其他的。 卡拉：

是的，所以这些研磨机中的这些是浅灰色的 ，这是相同的盐，但

为了方便起见，他们只是不研磨。 在

我们开始向我们的供应商提出要求之前，他们并没有真正提供这种服务， 并说美国人真的想要他们的

摇床。 他们不采用欧洲 研磨或捏盐的方式。

瓦内萨： 哦，明白了。

卡拉： 所以我们是把这块土地带到

这里的人。 是的。 Vanessa：

所以这是一个文化问题。 我想这 取决于你的家人习惯使用什么。

卡拉： 没错。

Vanessa： 但只是摇晃一下，尤其是在餐厅里，

这真的很常见，这更像是一种欧式 风格。 得到你。

卡拉 ：是的。

瓦内萨： 不过，我想它在阿什维尔可能有一些蒸汽

。 卡拉：

哦，是的。 有些人，他们就像，“哦， 我喜欢捏它，我喜欢磨它

，我喜欢摇它。所以这是 我们在节目和其他东西上遇到的一个有趣的小问题

。Vanessa：

怎么会 你喜欢为自己服务吗？ 卡拉：

对。 瓦内萨：

那你能告诉我一些 不同类型的盐吗？我对此

一无所知，除了我 听到的传闻。当然，你说什么 看，不同的

颜色等等。 卡拉：

是的，我的意思是，盐，我的意思是它可以是一个没完没了的 话题。有很多不同的种类，

从我们使用的大众工业盐到 你在莫顿振动筛中看到的

一切 高度加工和添加和 去除的东西和抗结块剂。对于我们的

食盐，他们最初开始 在盐中加入碘以帮助解决甲状腺肿大

问题，它确实有所帮助，但 碘实际上导致变色

盐，所以他们不得不漂白 。Vanessa：

哦，很有趣 。Carla

：漂白使它变苦了， 所以他们 不得不把它变甜。 所以他们添加了葡萄糖，

这使得它很粘，所以它不会 从罐子里摇出来。 所以他们添加了抗结块

剂化学品。 瓦内萨：

一件事在另一件事之上。 卡拉：

所以我们已经达成共识的 是，我们已经意识到盐

实际上以其自己的方式是完美的，是的，存在 碘缺乏症，我们创造了一种海藻调味料

来帮助解决这个问题。 瓦内萨：

哦，有趣。 卡拉：

因为有人要求 我们在盐中加入碘。 但

由于所有这些并发症，我们就像， 让我们不要管盐。 保持它的

整体形式，让身体知道如何 处理。 然后我们提供了一种海藻调味料。

但是你会看到所有不同的颜色，所有 这些不同的颜色

来自不同 地区的不同矿物成分。 我们甚至有一种来自夏威夷的超白

盐，它是超白的，因为 它来自

火山底部水面以下 2,000 英尺的地方。 瓦内萨：

哇。 有人是怎么发现的？ Carla：

业内人士都认识我们，因为 我们已经找到了将这些令人惊叹的

商品推向美国市场的方法，而 美国市场是最难进入的市场之一

。 瓦内萨：

真的吗？ 卡拉：

是的，当你从其他国家进口时。 瓦内萨：

好的。 卡拉：

所以很多人给我们写信并寄给 我们样品。 我们每个月有几十个。

瓦内萨： 哇，说，“你能帮我们分一杯羹

吗？” 卡拉：

是的。 这只是 一个贸易展上有人来找我们说，“你

必须检查一下这个盐。” 这是一种神奇的 盐。 它很漂亮，很干净，

而且富含钾和钙。 瓦内萨：

好的。 所以我很好奇，当你说它 很棒而且很干净时，这会影响

它的味道吗？ 卡拉：

是的。 瓦内萨：

因为这个词，“哦，它是咸的。它 尝起来像盐。”

卡拉： 对。

瓦内萨： 有区别吗？

卡拉： 有，你会开始注意到，一旦

你开始同时品尝不同的 盐，你就会开始说，“哦，哇，我能

尝到这个有点苦。 这个是 有点像

咸味。” 当您品尝牡蛎时，有些人 会去，它只是粘糊糊的。 但是当你

为它创造味觉时，你会说，“哦，这个更 咸，或者这个尝起来更新鲜。” 或者

你开始比较。 葡萄酒 、啤酒或奶酪也一样，你只是开始理解

不同的音符。 钠含量越高， 你就会有更多的苦味。

使用更高的矿物质，如镁、钾 和钙，你的味道会更温和一些，

或者尝起来几乎像海洋的味道。 瓦内萨：

好的。 卡拉

：它自然会增强食物的味道， 而不仅仅是让它变咸。

瓦内萨： 哦，明白了。 所以它真的会

与你以不同方式放置的东西一起工作 。 在这之后我真的很好奇

，把这个 和我家里的东西一起品尝，如果我家里有什么不同的

类型可以看。 卡拉

：品尝盐的关键是你 要从矿物质含量最高的

盐开始，然后到最高的钠盐，因为 一旦你的味蕾被

它们的苦味和钠含量触发，你就无法 品尝到两者之间的差异。 其他事情。

所以你必须努力向上。 我 曾经在加利福尼亚举办过盐派对。 是的。

瓦内萨： 哇！ 我很想去那里。

卡拉： 是的，非常有趣。 我们做了鸡尾酒

和... Vanessa：

是的，你在盐派对上做什么？ 卡拉：

是的，有很多饮料。 瓦内萨：

好的。 你把它们放在篮筐上？ 卡拉：

在篮筐上。 瓦内萨：

好的。 卡拉：

我做了很多类似的事情，比如 加盐的毛豆，或者你

需要加盐的有趣的事情。 然后我们做了一个盐 品尝，我会向人们展示

如何品尝盐的不同味道和 质地。

Vanessa ：教育的一部分。

卡拉： 嗯-嗯（肯定）。

Vanessa： 因为它不只是像你说的那样，它尝起来很

咸，但它实际上可以带 出食物中的其他风味。

卡拉： 就连水晶的形状都会

引起不一样的，它会 在你嘴里爆裂吗？ 它怎么会

在你的嘴里分解？ 就像这些晶体 很粗糙，所以有些人有点，

你知道，他们需要把它磨碎，因为 它很坚固。 而我们也提供的片状盐会

在你的 嘴里消散，而且没有那么有效。

瓦内萨： 好的。 这实际上是扁平的盐片。

卡拉： 是的。

瓦内萨： 好的。 我觉得我以前在照片中看到

过，但我以前从未买过片盐。 人们在做饭的时候会添加这个吗，

或者更多的是为了…… Carla：

装饰。 凡妮莎：

为了看漂亮的形状而做的装饰？ 卡拉：

你可以，是的。 我的意思是，用它做饭很好 ，但我的意思是有些人

在盐上花了很多钱，所以有些盐只 用于装饰或整理盐。

瓦内萨： 好的。

卡拉： 这是一种很好的食盐，因为它

有粗晶体，而且很好地 溶解在液体和热量中。

瓦内萨： 好的。

卡拉： 而且更便宜。 所以你不想

在你的意大利面水中放一把这么贵的薄片 ，对吧。

瓦内萨： 是的。 那么，例如，

这是细磨的味道，如果我有一个更粗糙的 版本，它的味道会有所不同

吗？或者比较一下会有什么体验？ Carla：

这真的很有趣，因为 即使这些是相同的盐，也只是

这一种。 这个味道有点 不一样。 我们发现是

使矿物质含量更高的部分原因 ，而我们提供的盐中则是水分。 所以当

你研磨它，你会失去它的小水晶 盒封装，里面装着盐水，

液体，你会失去一点矿物质。 所以你的钠含量更高。 所以它的

钠含量确实比晶体略高。 所以你有一点苦味。

瓦内萨： 里面有些湿气。

小水晶本身内部，似乎 还挺科学的。

卡拉 ：是的。 是的。 多年来，我们与许多科学家

和医生合作，实际上有超过 600 名 支持我们的盐，

他们亲眼目睹了他们与患者的不同之处。 瓦内萨：

是的。 告诉我健康益处 或健康差异，因为

现在盐太多会带来很多问题。 卡拉：

当然。 是的。 无论如何，钠是身体 100% 需要的东西。

我们不断地通过汗水、眼泪 和去洗手间失去它。 所以我们必须以

一种身体知道如何以 一种可以被吸收的方式将它重新送回体内的方式来补充它。

身体有……它有点像一把钥匙， 在细胞壁之间有一个钾泵

，没有那个钾钥匙， 钠就不能进入细胞壁

之间补充自己。 因此，当 您使用超高钠食盐时，

您会出现肿胀。 你 会遇到所有这些问题，因为钠

不能进入它需要去的细胞壁 。

瓦内萨： 哦，有趣。

卡拉： 但是如果你有一种盐，即使它的

钠含量相似但也含有钾 ，钾泵实际上可以工作

，钠可以去水合 需要去的区域。

凡妮莎： 因此，与其他矿物质一起使用可以

帮助钠实际上 对您的身体更有益。

卡拉： 对。 现在有些人对钠

敏感，显然我们也 为这些人准备了盐。

瓦内萨： 真的吗？

卡拉： 是的，因为这也是一回事。 每个人都

不同，就像您的身体 对咖啡因或乳制品的反应不同一样，您需要

倾听自己的身体。 瓦内萨：

是的。 是的。 所以我很好奇， 你在家里用什么盐？

卡拉： 哦，天哪。

瓦内萨： 我敢肯定你有很多。

卡拉： 我愿意。 我的桌子上铺满了盐和所有

这些不同的罐子，现在因为 我怀孕了，

我的钾含量更高，因为我的钾含量太低了。 瓦内萨：

哦，有趣，好吧。 所以你用它 来帮助补充你的宝宝。

卡拉： 对，对。 是的。

Vanessa： 当你使用它时，你只是使用一

点点，就足以给你钾吗？ 因为我知道当你吃药时，里面

有很多东西，比如 补充剂。

卡拉： 是的。 对。 我还在吃药，因为

我太低了，但我意识到，好吧，我 不会吃我的镁，我的高

钠盐。 我要和我的钾一起去 ，我只会捏它。 你的舌头是

一个很好的测试者。 如果某样东西对你来说味道很好 ，而且感觉很满足，那

通常是你的身体在说，“我需要这个。” 在某些情况下，它是极端的。 如果

你要在那里吃一整块巧克力蛋糕 ，你的身体可能不需要

那么多巧克力蛋糕。 凡妮莎：

你可以放纵过度，但是当你吃 的东西刚好加了调味料的

时候，那真的很有帮助。 卡拉：

是的，很多医生，他们 看到的是人们有这种无法熄灭的咸

牙，他们似乎无法得到足够的食物， 但是当他们将它们换成高矿物质

钠海盐比例时，他们的咸牙变成 了 更多的是因为他们的身体

终于得到了钠 进入他们体内需要的地方。 这真的很迷人。

我希望有更多的研究。 Vanessa：

所以也许他们减少了 他们摄入的盐量，但他们摄入的盐是

正确的类型？ 卡拉：

对。 是的。 他们终于感受到了那种满足感。 是的，这只是在

人们联系我们并分享这些故事的实践中， 即使是在儿童中，他们说。

瓦内萨： 哦，哇。 我真的很想在自己身上进行测试

，并尝试用不同的东西 ，我认为世界各地的人，我的学生

也可以做到这一点，特别是如果有 一些东西，比如美国，莫顿

盐。 这只是您 可能会在很多典型

地方找到的典型盐。 卡拉

：美国盐，对吧？ 瓦内萨：

是的，我相信很多其他国家也 有这种典型的东西，但是尝试

一些实际上可能经过更多 研究并且有很多想法的

东西。 自己感受这种差异会很有趣 。

卡拉： 是的，当然。

瓦内萨： 所以我很好奇，因为这是你

家族的事，你家里的每个人都 参与了凯尔特盐吗？ 海盐？

卡拉： 我们有一个大家庭，所以没有。

瓦内萨： 好的。

卡拉： 我们当中只有少数人仍然

参与其中。 瓦内萨：

所以你选择了，“我要做这个。” 卡拉：

是的。 瓦内萨：

好的。 卡拉：

我上过烹饪学校 ，然后它似乎很适合，是的，

这只是我们 多年来共同分享的一种激情。

瓦内萨： 很好。

卡拉： 我姐姐是纽约的普拉提教练，

所以她自己做事， 这很酷。

瓦内萨： 是的。

卡拉： 我留在这里，只是继承了遗产。

瓦内萨： 那太棒了。 所以当你长大的

时候，我敢肯定这 对你的家庭来说是一件大事。

卡拉： 是的。

瓦内萨： 他们也有盐桌吗？

卡拉： 是的，哦，我们全家都是……他们都是

关于盐的。 瓦内萨：

当然。 卡拉：

他们给我们发照片。 “我在这家 杂货店。在这里，”或“我在这个国家

。在这里。” 所以这很有趣。 瓦内萨：

哦，那太酷了。 瓦内萨：

你喜欢和卡拉的谈话吗？ 是不是有点快，有点棘手？

你明白一切了吗？ 我希望它能让 你想到一些

我们不经常想到的东西，盐。 接下来是词汇 课。 你会看到我丈夫丹

和我解释 你在与卡拉的谈话中听到的一些关键表达。

在我们的解释之后，您将看到 与 Carla 原始对话的剪辑，

这样您就可以记住原始 上下文并自己使用它们。 好吧，

让我们开始词汇课。 Vanessa：

我们今天要讨论的第一个表达 是“可持续”这个词。

丹： 哦，“可持续”。

Vanessa： 我们通常使用它的典型方式

是谈论环境，这 就是 Carly 使用它的方式。 她在谈论

不同的盐做法 对环境是可持续的还是对环境不可持续的，

但我们也可以使用其他一些 方法。 你会如何使用“可持续”这个词？

丹： 可持续。 是的。 所以我认为今天，主要是

我认为环保，有些人 甚至只是说“可持续性”。 比如，“我们

在这个国家有很大的可持续性”， 或者“我们非常不可持续”。 我认为大多数

环保主义者都说我们现在是不可持续的 。 但是，是的，还有其他方法

可以使用它。 您可以在某些 您认为无法继续的情况下使用它。 所以也许，

例如，你和某人有关系，你一直在 争吵。 有人

可能会和你交谈并说，“是的， 我认为你们的关系是不可持续的。

我认为它不能继续下去。” 瓦内萨：

是的，你不能以同样的 方式持续很长时间，至少在

仍然快乐的时候。 这是不可能的。 你甚至可以 用它来谈论你的英语练习。

如果你说，“好吧，我要为自己制定一个英语 计划。我要每天学习五个

小时。” 你认为这是 可持续的吗？

Dan： 不。

Vanessa： 不，因为你也必须有生活。

你必须吃饭、睡觉、上班， 希望能见到一些家人和朋友。

不可能继续这样做。 所以你 可能会对自己说，“好吧，我需要创建

一个可持续的英语练习。” 丹：

哦。 凡妮莎：

“有什么我可以 在未来继续做的事情？” 也许很

简单，比如“好吧，我每天开车上班的时候都会 听几分钟这个词汇课

。” 凉爽的。 好的。 我认为这是相当可持续的。 您可以

继续这样做，而不会对 您的个人环境造成太大压力。 所以我们

要对这些词汇中的每一个词做的 是，我们还将向你展示

与 Carla 对话的剪辑，以便你可以 看到它最初是如何使用的，这就是

我们要做的 现在做。 让我们看一下剪辑。 Carla：

这开始了一种非常可持续的做法， 已经持续了数百年，今天仍然

存在。 这开始了一种非常可持续的 做法，已经持续了数百年。

这开始了一种非常可持续的做法， 已经持续了数百年。

丹 ：下一个表达是“思考过程”

，这只是一种思考或 深入思考某事的方式。 我想我们通常

会这样说，当你想质疑某人时， 无论是他们做错了什么，或者他们

只是做得很好，而你想要更多 细节。 例如，也许有人就像

一个理科学生，他们解决了一个 非常困难的问题。 你可以问他们：

“当你 遇到这个问题时，你的想法是什么？你是怎么想

的？” 所以“过程”意味着你将 一步一步地做某事。 所以这

是详细的东西。 Vanessa：

是的，也许你想模仿他们的 做法。 你的思考过程是什么，以便

我可以在未来的实验中模仿它？ 丹：

对。 但另一方面，如果 有人做错了什么，大多数人可能会

说，“你在想什么？” 但你 也可以说，“你在这里的思考过程是什么？

你为什么这样做？” 瓦内萨：

是的。 这只是另一种说法，“嗯？ 你到底为什么要做出这个可怕的

决定？” 但它 比“你在想什么”或“

你的思维过程是什么？为什么你 认为在结冰的时候开车在街上

是个好主意？你的思维 过程是什么？” 也许你没有思考

过程。 也许你刚刚做到了。 你没有 考虑过，但可能是有人质疑

你的判断。 Vanessa：

你也可以用它来解释或为 自己辩护。 所以一个常用的方法是

说，“我的思维过程是……”所以让我们 看看，如果我决定省钱，我

想省很多钱。 最后，也许 我并没有真正节省那么多。 但有人

可能会问你，“你为什么要 省钱？” 如果我说，“哦，我不能出去吃饭，

我在做其他事情”，我可能会说，“我的 想法是，如果我存够钱，

那么我可以更换我的车，因为我们的车 是 变老了，或者它坏了很多。”

所以我只是在解释我为什么要 做某事。 我为什么要存钱？ 我的

想法是我这样做是因为我 希望将来能买一辆不同的汽车。

所以你可以用它来保护自己。 “你为什么做这个？” “哦，我的思路

是这样的。请理解。” 因此，您可以 以两种方式将其用作问题或辩护。

好吧，让我们看看这个，这样你就可以 看到它是如何使用的。

Vanessa： 令人难以置信的是，他们有这样的思维

过程说，“我们需要节省木材。让我们 利用我们所拥有的。” 自然, 太阳.

令人难以置信的是，他们的思维过程 会说：“我们需要节省木材。让我们利用

我们所拥有的。” 令人难以置信的是，他们 的思维过程会说：“我们需要节省

木材。让我们利用我们所拥有的。” Vanessa

：下一个表达是“解决”。 丹：

啊！ 瓦内萨：

是的。 你看过橄榄球或美式 足球吗？ 球员们会

互相猛撞，有点像摔跤， 互相推倒。

丹： 它的字面意思是抓住并把某人

摔倒，但你和他们一起倒下。 瓦内萨：

是的。 所以你在对付某人。 这 是“解决”的字面定义，但

卡拉就是这样使用它的吗？ 丹：

不。所以是的，有一种 我们使用这个可能更常见的比喻方式，

它只是- 瓦内萨：

是的，我们一直都在使用这个。 丹：

是的。 它只是意味着做一些 非常困难和大的事情，甚至可能太大了。

例如，如果你说，“我今晚要学 1000 个单词”……

Vanessa： 哇。

丹： ……你可能处理的太多了。

瓦内萨： 是的。 如果你说，“我要解决这些

动词”或者我要解决一些大问题， 就像美式足球的例子，

你要打倒一个大人物， 这是一项艰巨的任务。这不是 不可能，

但这只是一项艰巨的任务。所以也许今年年初，

你决定为自己设定几个目标。“我 要解决我对公开演讲的恐惧。”

哦。所以也许你 '要加入一个公开 演讲组织，每个月练习公开

演讲，或者你会 积极做一些事情来克服一些

困难。“哦，这有很多要解决的问题，但 你可以做到。”

丹 是的

瓦内萨： 是的。“所以学习所有这些动词

需要解决很多问题，但我想我可以做到。”所以 我希望你能

学到这节课的所有词汇，即使是 虽然整个月有很多事情要 解决，但你可以做到。

一点一点的学习。 保持练习。 你 可以解决它。 你能行的。 好吧，让我们

看剪辑。 Carla：

他们已经提升了这种感觉，但 正如您可以想象的那样，解决

这种分销问题是一项巨大的投资，而且我们仍然 是一家家族企业。 我们从来没有投资者。

一切都是草根的。 但 正如您可以想象的那样，解决这种分配问题是一项巨大的投资

。 但这是 一项巨大的投资，您可以想象解决

这种分配问题。 丹

：下一个表达是“在顶部”，这 可能意味着从字面上看，您

处于某物的顶部或处于最高点。 例如，“我在世界之巅！” 人们

说这个比喻，其实。 如果你说“我在世界之巅”，这意味着你是有史以来最好的人，或者 -

Vanessa：

不过，你可能在珠穆朗玛峰之上。 在这种情况下，您实际上是在

世界之巅。 丹：

哦，那是真的。 但你也可以对 你的孩子说，“不要站在桌子上。

对。不要站在桌子上。所以这 是字面意思，但我们也用它来表示“

除了”。 所以“我有很多作业 ，除此之外，我还......”

Vanessa： 有一份兼职工作

。Dan： 是的。“我今晚也得工作。”对吧？

所以这个加上这个。还有 我们会说， 如果我们已经有点不知所措，或者

我们已经有大事了，那么你 会说，“我在这件事之上还有这个

。” Vanessa：

是的。这通常会增加责任。 所以 它可以以积极的方式使用，例如，

“哦，他真是个好人。 最重要的 是，他真的很帅。”你可以用

积极的方式使用它，但我觉得它 更经常被用于消极。你怎么看？

丹： 是的，我的意思是听起来不错，

你说的。 Vanessa：

是的。这很自然。但我觉得我们倾向于 以更消极的方式使用它

。Dan： 当然，如果你有很多事情发生，

通常就是这种情况。你有很多事情 要做，而且最重要的是

Vanessa: 是的。很多事情都在发生。如果我说，

“我昨晚真的很出色”怎么办？ Dan：

是的。是的。你真的很出色 . 这意味着你打得最好或

尽你所能。你 在你的比赛中处于领先地位。你也可以说，

“我处于领先地位。” Vanessa：

是的 。Dan：

意思是你在做。你正在做。 你正在尽你所能。

Vanessa： 你保持最新状态。所以如果你的老板

说，“项目进展如何？ 今天下午 4:00 之前完成吗？” 你可以说，

“是的，我在上面。” 丹：

是的，你可以想象一下 站在或坐在这东西上，对吧 .

Vanessa： 你正在征服它。

Dan： 你正在征服它。你在它之上。

Vanessa： 是的。我认为这是一种常见的表达方式

，“别担心，我明白了。 我没有 落后。 我没有拖延。 我处于领先

地位。”这甚至可能是一种性格 特征，比如“她总是处于领先

地位。 她总是知道发生了什么事，她 不会忘记小事。”这是

一种A型人格。她总是处于 领先地位，而“它”意味着生活。

丹： 是的，或者在事情之上。

Vanessa ：最重要的是。是的，这可能是

她生活中正在发生的不同事情。因为 我们讨论了几种不同的方式

来使用它，比如站在...... Dan：

这个世界 。Vanessa

：。 ..一座山，在某物之上或在 另一物之上，有点建立

这种责任感，我建议 查看课程指南，以便您可以

直观地看到这些句子中的每一个。 它将帮助您 记住它们，但也

希望自己能够使用它们。这 就是目标。我希望如此。好吧。让我们

看看剪辑，你可以看到我是如何用这个 美妙的表达来谈论盐的。让我们

看看。 卡拉

：漂白 导致它很苦，所以他们 不得不把它变甜。所以他们加了灵巧，

这使它变得粘稠，所以它不会 摇出来 f 罐子。 所以他们添加了抗结块

剂化学品。 瓦内萨：

一件事高于另一件事。 一件事在 另一件事之上。 一件事在另一件事之上。

Vanessa ：下一个表达是“接受

某事”。 这个表达中有很多 词，但是“

接受某事”意味着您正在接受可能在情感上 很困难的事情。 我觉得我们必须

在生活中经常这样做。 为了过上满意的生活， 你必须接受

生活中的困难，然后继续前进。 那么， 对你来说，你已经

接受并且你已经生活过的东西是什么？ 丹：

是的，我有一个个人例子。 瓦内萨：

好的。 丹：

所以你们中的一些人可能会在身体形象方面遇到困难 。 我会说这对我来说并不是一场巨大的斗争

，但在青春期我意识到我是 一个非常瘦的人。 对？ 所以这曾经

困扰我。 我有点想变得更大 更强，但我不得不

接受这样一个事实，即我永远不会成为一个爱好者。 我永远不会很大或很强壮。 我只是

一个瘦子，我已经接受 了。 我很久

以前就接受了。 它不再困扰我了。 我已经接受 了，有人可能会说。 我穿紧身牛仔裤或

紧身衬衫，我只是说，“看看我。 我是个瘦子，我喜欢它。”

Vanessa： 所以你真的接受了它，

但这可能适合你 和青春期，因为你正在了解

自己和你的身体正在发生变化，你觉得- Dan：

我曾经讨厌它。 瓦内萨：

是的，这很困难。 然后你 意识到，“好吧，这就是我，”特别是

我认为这对你来说可能是一件困难的事情 ，因为你的兄弟是两倍——

丹： 他很大。

瓦内萨： 他的体型是你的两倍。 他就像

一个大足球运动员。 所以这 与你的体型相反。 所以

也许在成长过程中，你必须真正接受 这样一个事实，即你

与你的兄弟不同，只是不同类型 的人。

丹： 是的，主要是，可能只是

和女士们一起想，老实说， 他们会不会觉得我太骨感了？ “骨瘦如柴

”就像是“瘦”的真正坏词。 Vanessa：

这不是诅咒词中的坏词，但 感觉真的很消极。

丹： 是的。

瓦内萨： 你和女士们相处得好吗？

丹 ：最终成功了。

瓦内萨： 很好。 我很好奇，

对你来说，你需要接受 什么？ 你可能已经注意到，在丹的

句子中，在他的例子中，他说：“ 接受事实。” 所以他在这里

说：“这是事实。我是个瘦子。” 丹：

我无法改变它。 瓦内萨：

“这是我无法改变的。” 或者你 可能会说，“我只需要接受

这样一个事实，即我的母语日语 与英语完全不同。我无法

改变这一点，但我仍然会 努力学习英语。” 所以

日语和英语有很大的不同是事实。 我们 并没有真正分享任何语法或任何词汇，

但您的母语是日语。 你 无法改变这一点。 所以你可以说，“

我需要接受这样一个事实，即由于我的母语，英语 对我来说更具挑战性

。但我不会 让它阻止我。我不会让 它阻止了

我。我要继续前进。 这可能有点困难，但你

会接受它并继续生活。 丹：

是的。 瓦内萨：

好吧，让我们看剪辑。 你可以 看到这个美妙的表达是如何被使用的。

卡拉： 我们已经达成共识的是，

我们已经意识到盐实际上 以它自己的方式是完美的。 已经

达成共识的是，我们已经意识到盐 实际上以其自己的方式是完美的。

当我们意识到 盐以自己的方式实际上是完美的时，我们已经接受了。

丹 ：下一个表达是“并排”。 嘿，

我们现在并排坐着。 瓦内萨：

我们是。 丹：

是的。 所以这只是意味着“彼此相邻”。 所以你可以以一种比较的方式使用它

，就像卡拉在谈话中所说的那样。 “所以当你并排尝试盐时，”

意思是一个接一个，一个接 一个，然后你就能分辨出不同。

所以这是使用“并排”的一种更复杂的方式 。

Vanessa： 我觉得每当有人特别问我

某件事的细微差别时，我经常 使用这种表达方式。 “我需要并排聆听它们

”或“我需要并排品尝它们 ”。 例如，我们看一些宫崎骏的

电影。 这是一位日本动画师，他 为孩子们制作了一些很棒的电影，也为成年人制作了一些很棒的电影。

这些电影有一些不同的英文 翻译。

丹： 是的，有几个版本。 有一些

关于什么更好的争论。 Vanessa：

关于哪一个是最好的存在一些争论。 所以我们想，“哦，也许我们应该购买

那些电影的 DVD，这样我们就可以 继续观看它们，而不是每次想看它们时都试图在网上找到

它们。” 然后我们想，“

我们应该得到哪个版本？英语有不同的 版本。我们应该得到哪个？”

然后我说，“ 除非我并排听，否则我听不出区别。我认为

两者都很棒。版本和英语 都很棒，但除非我并排听，否则我听不出

区别 边。” 所以这 直接意味着一个接一个，同一个

句子，然后是同一个句子。 否则听起来一样。

丹： 是的，你甚至可以说，“我需要一个

并排比较”，所以把它用作这样的形容词 。 但我们也用“并肩”来

表达友情。 所以，如果你们 在一起做某事，对吧？ “我们

并肩走入困境。” 我 觉得这不再是超级常见的了。

瓦内萨： 不过，你可能会听到。 这有点

意味着你们在一起。 “我们正在 一起努力解决这个问题。”

丹： 对。 “我们并肩做这件事。我们

在一起。” 瓦内萨：

是的。 是的。 你可以这样使用它， 也可以像

Dan 一开始所说的那样简单，“我们 并排坐在沙发上。” 好的。 是的。 这

是非常直接的事情，而且... Dan：

这是事实。 瓦内萨：

……很简单。 好吧，让我们看 一下你可以看到我们如何使用“

并排”来谈论品尝不同盐的剪辑。 卡拉：

一旦你开始并排品尝不同的盐 ，你就会开始说，“哦，哇，我能

尝到。这个有点苦。” 一旦你开始并排品尝不同的盐

，你就会开始说，“哦，哇，我能 尝到。这个有点苦。”

一旦你开始并排品尝不同的盐 ，你就会开始说，“哦，哇，我能

尝到这个更苦一点的味道。” Vanessa

：下一个表达是“全心全意”。 丹：

“关于。” 瓦内萨：

是的，所以在谈话中，卡拉 说她的家人都是关于盐的。

丹： 有道理。

瓦内萨： 是的。 这意味着他们非常喜欢

盐。 丹：

是的。 Vanessa：

她的家人从事盐业 已经有很长时间了，所以她可以说，“我们都是

关于盐的。” 丹

：他们对盐了如指掌。 他们几乎 无所不知。

瓦内萨： 是的。 是的。 所以他们深深地参与

其中。 他们非常喜欢。 “我们都是关于 盐的。” 如果你很喜欢某事，也许

如果你很喜欢英语，你可以说，“是的， 我全都在讲英语。每

一天的每一刻，我都在想。我全都在讲 英语。” 但也可能是谈论

某事的主要原因。 那么， 如果你要用它来谈论一个主要原因，你会如何使用它

呢？ 丹

：主要原因？ 瓦内萨：

是的。 丹：

很明显，我想到的是曲棍球。 瓦内萨：

好的。 丹：

因为我喜欢曲棍球。 所以“曲棍球就是 滑冰”或“擅长曲棍球就是

滑冰。你能滑得好吗？” 所以这是 首要因素。 你需要知道

的事情比什么都多，或者你 需要做的事情比什么都多。

所以你可以说，“是的，擅长曲棍球 就是滑冰。”

Vanessa： 关于创业，我也会这么说

。 创业- 丹

：都是关于滑冰？ Vanessa：

这不仅仅是关于滑冰。 不过，那会 很有趣。 也许是曲棍球生意。

但创业是全心全意的。 如果你愿意投入你的时间

和精力，那么你很可能会 成功。

丹 ：一切都与勤奋有关。

Vanessa： 是的，这是一个非常重要的因素，就是勤奋

和奉献。 所以创业就是 要全心全意。 是的，你需要好主意。

你可能需要擅长你正在 做的事情，但如果你不专注，它就

行不通。 丹：

是的，这是夸大其词，所以这 并不是字面上的全部。 你还需要

知道其他事情。 但如果你真的 想强调最重要的事情，

那么你会说“all about”。 Vanessa：

是的，“这一切都与奉献有关。一切都 与滑冰有关。” 或者你可以直接说，“我

很喜欢英语”，这意味着你 非常喜欢英语。

丹： 是的。 你总是……你喜欢它。 你

想一直学习。 对，应该就是 你吧？

瓦内萨： 是的。 但愿如此。 好的。 让我们观看

剪辑，以便您了解它是如何使用的。 卡拉：

我们全家都是……他们都是关于 盐的。

瓦内萨： 当然。

卡拉： 他们给我们发照片。 “我在这家

杂货店。在这里，”或“我在这个国家。 在这里”，所以很有趣。

瓦内萨： 哦，那太酷了。

卡拉： 我们全家都是……他们都是关于

盐的。 我们全家都是... 他们都是 关于盐的。

Vanessa： 你觉得那堂词汇课怎么样？

我希望它对你有用和愉快。 接下来是语法课的时间，

我们将重点关注 您在与 Carla 的原始对话中听到的一些重要短语动词

。 短语动词是 英语句子的重要关键，可以帮助您听起来

自然。 所以我希望 我们在这节课中讨论的短语动词能帮助

你扩展你能说的话，也能更好地理解以 母语为母语的人。 好吧，让我们

开始吧。 Vanessa：

我们要讨论的第一个短语动词 是“用完”。 当我们使用

某些东西时，你只是在利用它。 但 什么是“用完”？ 是不是抬高了？

丹： 不。那意味着你已经完成了一些事情。

瓦内萨： 完全。

丹： 或者完全用过一些东西，我们经常

用这个来做厨房里的东西。 例如， 我们吃了很多燕麦片。 因此我们已经

用完了燕麦片。 或者，如果有人 在厨房里找东西，他们可能会说，

“燕麦片在哪里？面粉在哪里？牛奶在哪里 ？” 你可以说，“哦，对不起，

我用完了所有的牛奶。” Vanessa：

或者我们可以拆分这个短语动词并说 “我用完了”，因为我们已经知道

我们在谈论牛奶，所以我们可以将 “牛奶”这个词替换为“它”。 “哦，对不起。我昨晚

做热巧克力的 时候，或者我做其他

事情的时候把它用完了。” “我用完了”或“我用完了牛奶”。 它完全消失了，但我们也可以

更形象地使用它。 丹：

是的。 人们有时会比喻性地使用它。 也许他们会说，“我已经用尽了我的精力。”

如果你醒着，你可能还有精力， 但如果你真的很累，你可以

说，“我已经用完了我的精力。” 瓦内萨：是的

。 我已经完全准备好休息了。 丹：

是的。 也许有人会说，“我已经 用光了我的耐心。”

瓦内萨： 哦！ 好的。

丹： 这意味着你不会再等

人了。 或者有时如果你有 一个孩子，他们可能会……哦，我们的孩子一直这样

做，只是想分散你的注意力 ，再做一件事，继续

做他正在做的事情，而不是听。 你可以 说，“好吧，我已经用光了我的耐心”

或“我已经用光了我的耐心”。 瓦内萨：

让我们这样做。 我们走吧。 丹：

“现在该睡觉了。” Vanessa：

是的，你可以用这个。 如果你是老师， 你可能会说：“哎呀，今天真是艰难的

一天。我用尽了所有的耐心，我 准备回家了。” 所以你可以用掉

一些更形象的东西，比如耐心、 精力，或者你也可以用掉钱，比如

你存钱买一辆新车。 然后你买车，你可以说，“

我把所有的积蓄都花光了买车。” 所以 你的积蓄完全没有了。 你的储蓄

账户为零，或者形象地说，可能 接近于零，而你已经用光了这笔钱。

Carla： 他们没有把水煮沸，煮沸

蒸发，用尽 他们当时做其他事情所需的所有有价值的木材，而是

意识到他们需要用这些粘土床来建造这些池塘 。 并且用光了

他们当时做其他事情所需的 所有有价值的木材，

并用光了他们当时做其他事情所需的所有有价值的木材。 Vanessa

：下一个短语动词是“来自”， 这里我们谈论的是从某个

目的地出发，但我想让你知道， 我们不会用这个来谈论你的国家。

如果有人说：“哦，你来自哪里？” 如果你说“我来自巴西”，那感觉

真的很奇怪。 这有点像你是一个 从巴西邮寄的包裹。

丹： 是的，这听起来太没有人情味了，或者像一个真正的

起源，就像“我出生在巴西”，对吧？ “巴西造就了我。”

瓦内萨： 是的。

丹： 这有点奇怪。

Vanessa： 你可能会在非常非常正式的场合听到这个

，但我只想提前告诉你 ，我们不会专门

为你的祖国谈论这个，但我们可以通过很多 其他方式谈论“来吧 from"

用于人或物品。 那么您 认为我们使用“来自”的主要方式是什么？

丹： 所以我认为如果有人

不知道某些东西来自哪里，他们可能会在一个问题中经常使用它 。 所以如果你家里有什么

东西你不知道它是从哪里来的，你可能会 问，“这是从哪里来的？”

瓦内萨： 是的。

Dan ：然后 Vanessa 可能会说，“哦，它来自

Target，”例如。 Vanessa：

它来自亚马逊。 丹：

是的，它来自亚马逊。 Vanessa

：最有可能的情况。 丹：

是的。 瓦内萨：

所以如果你是一个走在一个 你以前没有去过的人的房子里，并且他们

有一个非常酷的雕像，一幅非常酷的画， 你可以说，“哦，那真的很酷。

那是从哪里来的？ " 你可以在 那种质疑的情况下使用它，“它

是从哪里来的？” 但我们也可以用它 来保护自己。 比如，“我不

知道它是从哪里来的。” 这 是典型的青少年情况，如果你

妈妈走进你的卧室，她闻到了 大麻的味道，例如大麻。 所以

如果她闻到那个味道，她会问，“那是 什么味道？” 你就像，“哦，妈妈，我不

知道那种气味是从哪里来的。” 你是在 为自己辩护。 “不是我！”

丹： 当然！

Vanessa： 所以你可能会说，“我不知道它是

从哪里来的”，这是一种模糊的感觉。 我们不是 专门谈论目的地。

丹： 或者你可能会说，“那是从哪里来的？”

瓦内萨： “哦，那是从哪里来的？我朋友

一定把它放在我的包里了。我什至不知道。 那是从哪里来的？” 所以我们经常

在那种模糊的情况下使用它。 “ 那是从哪里来的？我不知道它

是从哪里来的。” 丹

：实际上，如果 人们真的对某人

说的话感到惊讶，如果你说一些非常粗鲁或 刻薄的话，你可能会问，“这是从哪里来的？”

Vanessa： 哦，所以这

是使用它的一种比喻意义。 丹：

是的，更形象一点。 凡妮莎：

如果有人非常积极，而且你 的谈话很愉快，那么

他们会突然说，“哦，这太糟糕了，等等， 等等，等等。” 他们感到非常沮丧，

对，马上，你可能会说，“哇， 这种沮丧是从哪里来的？” 就像，

你的挫败感从何而来？ 因为突然之间，你

有点沮丧。 刚刚发生的事情似乎有点奇怪。

丹： 但你总是会问，“那是

从哪里来的？” 瓦内萨：

是的。 “哇哦。这是从哪里来的？” 这 意味着

您正在表达的陈述或感觉。 但是还有另一种比喻的 方式，我们可以使用这个经常使用的方式，

非常有趣。 丹：

是的，“你需要看看我来自哪里。” 瓦内萨：

哦，是的。 丹：

或者“你看不出我从哪里来吗？” 瓦内萨：

这是什么意思？ “你没看到 我从哪里来吗？” 是我家的意思吗？

我从家里来？ 丹：

不。这意味着你的观点，从你的 角度或你的观点。 所以如果你

对某人这么说，你基本上是在告诉 他们，他们只考虑自己，

只考虑他们的感受。 所以如果 你说，“你需要看看我

从哪里来”，这会提醒他们你 对这种情况有看法或感觉。

Vanessa： 我知道我以前在与 Dan 的讨论或争论中

使用过它。 丹：

哦，是的。 凡妮莎：

我说过，“哦，你看不出 我从哪里来吗？” 只是

换个角度来看- 丹：

这可能是一个常见的女性副歌。 Vanessa：

也许只是“请从我的角度来看”。 这不一定是粗鲁的。 它只是说，

“好吧，请从我的角度来看。 你看不到我来自哪里吗？” 或者“你没

看到我从哪里来吗？” 你要求 他们说，“好吧，我明白你为什么有

这种观点。也许我不 同意，但我理解。” 所以这可能是，

例如，如果你不 同意你父母说的话，你会

觉得，“哦，他们这一代是如此不同，” 你可能会想，“我明白

他们在哪里 来自。我理解他们 的观点，因为他们的成长方式

，因为他们的父母，因为当时的 世界非常不同。所以我理解

他们来自哪里。我理解他们 的观点。这很好

他们思想的起源。” 这是一个可爱的短语 动词，具有许多不同的含义。

卡拉： 但是你会看到所有不同的颜色，所有

这些不同的颜色都 来自不同

地区的不同矿物成分。 所有这些不同的颜色都

来自不同地区的不同矿物成分。 所有这些 不同的颜色都

来自不同地区的不同矿物成分。 Vanessa

：下一个短语动词是“开始”或 “从某事开始”，你

可以想象动词“开始”是开始。 但是当我们使用“开始”时，我们通常

是在谈论 某种系列事件的开始。 所以

之后发生了很多事情。 例如，如果我说， “哦，伙计，我真的，我想做面包，

但我不知道怎么做面包。” 如果丹 是面包专家，他可能会说，“

首先，你需要有一个好的食谱。” 丹：

把面粉扔到空中。 瓦内萨：

哦，哇。 你真是个专家。 丹：

那是练习的魔力。 凡妮莎：

把面粉扔到空中，它 就像一条面包一样掉下来。 惊人。 所以我们

说，“首先，你需 要这样做。” 我们使用那种短语动词

作为系列的介绍。 “ 首先，你需要这样做，这

就是你需要做的事情。” 丹：

是的，我认为你通常在 介绍某些东西或给出

指示时使用它。 因此，如果你在给出指示， 你可以告诉对方，“我们需要

从这个开始”，或者如果你是 - Vanessa：

你需要从一个好的食谱开始， 然后得到原料，然后有一个 很多时间。

丹：

对。 或者，如果您正在做一个演示， 您可能会说，“我们今天

将从一个故事开始，”例如。 Vanessa：

是的，所以你可以用它来开始一些 事情，之后会发生一些其他事件

或活动。 所以在 丹的句子中，他说，“我在

会议开始时说，'哦，我们 今天要开始做一些事情。'”我想让

你知道你也会听到这个 词 “经过。” “我们今天将从

讲一个笑话开始。我们 今天将从讲一个笑话开始。” 你可以使用

任何一个。 你会听到这两个， 但主要部分，“开始”或“

开始”，所有这些都是一样的 。

卡拉 ：品尝盐的关键是你

想从矿物质含量最高的 盐开始，到最高的钠盐。 您

想从矿物质含量最高的 盐开始。 您想从

矿物质含量最高的盐开始。 Vanessa：

这些短语动词对你来说是新的吗？ 我希望我们的解释能帮助您记住

它们并学习如何在实际对话中使用它们。 接下来，是时候上发音课了。

我们将深入研究 您在原始对话中听到的

几句话。 我将逐步分解这些内容， 以便您可以模仿我们的发音。

所以我想让你做的是我想让你 试着和我重复，大声说出来，用

你的发音肌肉。 很高兴 听到我的声音，但如果你自己大声说出来会更好

。 所以我挑战你要 积极，让我们开始吧。

瓦内萨： 嗨。 欢迎来到本月的发音

课。 今天我们将重点关注 您在与 Carla 的对话中听到的五个句子

。 这些句子中的每 一个都

包含我们在上一课中讨论过的词汇表达或短语动词， 所以我希望这能帮助你记住

这些单词并正确发音。 我们要做的

是看一下剪辑，然后我会 帮你分解句子，这样你

就可以完全按照我们的方式说出来， 然后我们' 再看一遍。 我

希望您的理解会有所提高， 但您的发音技巧也会有所提高。 好吧，

让我们从第一句话开始。 卡拉：

所以这开始了一种非常可持续的做法 ，已经持续了数百年，

今天仍然存在。 这开始了一种非常可持续的 做法，已经持续了数百年。

这开始了一种非常可持续的做法， 已经持续了数百年。

Vanessa： 在这句话中，你听到 Carla 说：“这

开始了一种 持续数百年的非常可持续的实践。” 她在谈论

制造盐的方法。 他们没有燃烧 木材，而是利用太阳蒸发

水分，这是一个可持续的过程。 太阳总是会很热，所以很

容易随着太阳蒸发， 对地球来说也是可持续的。 所以让我们

从头开始分解这句话。 Vanessa：

在句子的开头，她说， “这开始了。” “开始了。” 这个 e-d 词“started”

以“id”音结尾。 “开始了。” 你听到的另一种 声音是什么？ “开始”这个词

以 T 结尾，但是这个 T 变成了 D。这 在美式英语中非常典型，

T 变成了 D 音。 所以我想让你 和我一起说。 “这就开始了。” 听起来有点

像“明星”加“做过”。 “开始了。” “这就开始了。” “这就开始了。” 我希望你

在本课中尽可能活跃。 所以每当我说什么，我

重复了几次，我 希望你也能大声说出来。

听我的声音很好，但 如果你能自己大声说出来就更好了。

Vanessa： 好吧，让我们进入句子的下一部分

。 “一种非常可持续的做法。一种 非常可持续的做法。” 让我们

在这里分解这个大词。 可持续的。 最后 一部分听起来像“呃”。 “可持续的。”

开头有两个“呃”的声音。 可持续的。 所以我想让你和我一起说那部分。 “一种

非常可持续的做法。一种非常可持续的 做法。”

瓦内萨： 在接下来的两个词中，她说，“有

。有。” 首先，让我们听一下 元音。 “呸呸呸。” 这是一个短 E。即使

“that”这个词有一个 A，“that”通常在 快速英语中，它变成“theh”、“eh”、“eh”。

“有。有。有。” 但是 那个词的最后一个 T 发生了什么？ “那。”

你都听到了吗？ “具有。” 这被 称为停顿 T。因此

，您的舌头将 停在嘴巴的顶部，而不是用一股空气发出 T 音。 “具有。”

有。”你在发T音。你 只是不让那股空气逸出。

“有。”“有。”然后她说， “持续了数百年。”“持续了。”

瓦内萨： 哦，这听起来很熟悉吗？它

类似于“开始”。“我们已经持续了。”所以想想 las，“las”加上“did”，did。“持续了。”

“持续了数百年。 持续了 数百年。”所以过去时动词“started”、

“lasted”都有相同类型的 发音。T 变成了 D，最后的 ed

结尾听起来像“id”。”

开始了 你

可以在这句话中拥有正确的节奏和节奏

。Vanessa： “这开始了

一个持续了数百年的非常可持续的实践。”她 强调“开始”。“这开始了一个非常

可持续的实践”，强调这 两个词 ，“那已经持续了数

百年。”她还强调了“百年”这个词， 因为那是句子中不重要的部分

。多少年？数百年。 让我们回去尝试

通过强调那些重要的词来说出这句话。 “这 开始了一个

持续了数百年的非常可持续的实践。” Youwan t 跟我说吗？ “这开始了一种非常可持续的

做法，已经持续了数百年。” 好的。 轮到你了。 我要暂停一下。

无论您住在世界的哪个地方， 我都会在听，所以请确保您

大声说出我们讨论过的所有正确发音 。 如果您需要提醒，

您可以随时查看课程指南。 每个月我都会发送一份每月的课程指南。

这就像一本迷你教科书，您可以 看到我们讨论过的所有单词

并查看它们的发音，这 会在您练习本课时给您一个很好的提醒

。 好吧，轮到你了 。 自己说一句话。

Vanessa ：（沉默）

Vanessa：干得 好。 让我们听听

卡拉在最初的对话中是如何说的。 卡拉：

这开始了 一种持续数百年的非常可持续的做法。 这开始

了一种非常可持续的做法，已经持续了 数百年。 这开始了一种非常可持续的

做法，已经持续了数百年。 Vanessa：

你有没有听到那些 e-d 词，“开始”，“持续”？ 但愿如此。 让我们继续第二个句子

，您将听到短语动词 “来自”。 让我们听听。

卡拉： 但是你会看到所有不同的颜色，所有

这些不同的颜色都 来自不同

地区的不同矿物成分。 我们甚至有来自夏威夷的超白白 盐。 所有这些不同的颜色

来自不同地区的不同矿物成分 ，所有这些不同的

颜色 来自不同地区的不同矿物成分。

Vanessa： 在这句话中，Carla 说：“所有这些不同的

颜色都 来自不同地区的不同矿物成分。” 你

听到她重复三遍的词吗？ 她说了 两次“来自”，但她也说了三遍“不同”

。 所以今天这是你 掌握这个词发音的机会。 让我们

回到开头， 一起一点一点的说这句话。 “所有

这些不同的颜色。” 这 是我们第一次

在句子中遇到“不同”这个词。 所以让我们一起慢慢说 。 不同的租金。 带有清晰 F 音的“Diff”

。 你的上牙在你的下唇上。 “区别。” 然后我们有“租，租”。

听起来有点像 r-i-n，但我们需要 在结尾有一个停止的 T。 差租。 这

意味着你的舌头停在 嘴巴的顶部。 你会说“不同”，

但你不会让最后一点 空气出来。

Vanessa： 所以我们需要说“差异租金”。 你的

舌头停在嘴巴的顶部。 “不一样， 不一样。” “所有这些不同的颜色。”

你能跟我说吗？ “所有这些不同的 颜色。所有这些不同的颜色。所有

这些不同的颜色都来自不同的 矿物成分。” 让我们再说一遍那个词

。 “来自不同的 矿物成分。来自不同的矿物成分。

来自不同的地区。” 这个词 根本没有改变。

我们说的所有三次，都将是相同的发音。 有帮助。 伟大的。 所以让我们再说一遍最后一部分

。 “来自不同地区。 来自不同地区。” 做得好。 让我们

一起回过头来把这个完整的句子说出来 ，尽量强调重要的词。

Vanessa： 要记住的一件好事是，在整个句子中

，“不同”之后的那个词将被 强调。 所以我们可以

说，“所有这些不同的颜色都来自

不同地区的不同矿物成分。” 所以我们有“颜色”、“矿物 成分”和“区域”。 让我们试着

一起说。 “所有这些不同的颜色 都

来自不同地区的不同矿物成分。” 让我们加快速度。 “所有这些不同的颜色都

来自不同地区的不同成分。” 这是练习“不同”这个词以及“来自”这个词的好方法

。 我认为 这个短语动词重复得足够多，

希望你在本课后能记住它。 好吧，我要暂停一下，我要

你们一起说。 确保您 说“差异租金”，并强调

那些正确的词。 前进。 Vanessa

：（沉默） Vanessa：干得

好。 让我们听她重复 “不同”这个词。

Carla： 所有这些不同的颜色都

来自不同 地区的不同矿物成分。 所有这些不同的颜色都

来自不同地区的不同矿物成分。 所有这些

不同的颜色都 来自不同地区的不同矿物成分。

Vanessa： 你听到“不同，不同，不同”吗？

但愿如此。 让我们继续第三句 ，在那里你会听到表达

的全部内容。”让我们听着 。Carla：

我们全家都是......他们都是关于 盐的

。Vanessa： 当然

。Carla： 他们发送 我们的照片。“我在这家

杂货店。 在这里，”或“我在这个国家 ”，所以很有趣。

Vanessa： 哦，那太酷了。

Carla： 我们全家都是……他们都是关于

盐的。我们全家都是。 .. 他们都是 关于盐的。

Vanessa： 这实际上是两句话，我只是

决定把它们加在一起。她说，“我们 全家……他们都是关于盐的。”

让我们打破这个 下来。这似乎是一个简短的 句子，但发生了很多事情。在

这句话的开头。她说，“我们 全家是……我们全家是……

我们的。”她如何发音我们的？ “我们的。 我们的。”这听起来像字母 R 吗？

是的。是相同的发音。当我们 用这个更慢、更清晰的发音说“我们的，我们的”时，

“我们全家是……我们的 ” 更多……慢一点的谈话，

多一点故意，但在快速谈话中， 我们只说“我们的”。“我们全家是……”

“我们的。 我们的。”所以我想让你和 我一起说。“我们全家是……我们全家

是……”最后一个词是，“是” 在结尾有一个 Z 音。所以 试着

和我一起说。“我们全家是……我们 全家是……我们全家是……

我们全家是……我们全家是……” Vanessa：

让我们继续 下一部分。“他们都是 关于盐的。 它们都是关于盐的。”

让我们从第一个词开始，“它们是。 他们是。”这是“他们”

加上“是”的缩写，但她没有说“他们是”。 他们是。”这是这种收缩的清晰发音

。在快速对话中， 母语人士只会说“他们是”。

他们是。”听起来有点像，“看 那边。 他在那边。” T-h-e-r-e。所以你

可以想象 Y 已经消失了。 你可以说，“他们是。 他们是。 他们都是

关于盐的。 他们是。 他们是。” Vanessa

：下一部分她在这里使用了关键的表达方式 ，“all about the salt。”听听

这两个以 T 结尾的词的最后一个 T。 “他们都是关于盐的。 他们都是

关于盐的。”你听到T了吗？“他们都是 关于盐的。 不。相反，这

将是停止的 T 音，所以我希望你 的舌头在你的嘴巴上，停

在那个词的末尾。 “他们都是 关于盐的。盐，盐。” 如果您只说“Sal”，

则它与带有停止 T 的“salt”不同 。如果您只说 sol 与 sol 相比

，则带有停止 T 的“Sol，Sol”，或者 它的发音或拼写为 salt，

但是 发音有点像 O。这 就是我这么说的原因，但是你可以说“Sol”时加上

一个停顿的 T，这样听起来会 更自然。

瓦内萨： 你认为我们可以把最后一句话

放在一起吗？ “他们都是关于盐的。” 跟我说吧。 “他们都是关于盐的。他们

都是关于盐的。” 好吧，让我们回过头来 试着把这一切都说一遍，

包括第一部分。 让我们说出来并 强调正确的话。 “我们全家是……他们

都是关于盐的。我们全家是…… 他们都是关于盐的。” 你能猜到

我们在这里强调什么吗？ “我们 全家……他们都是关于盐的。” 所以我们有

“全家”。 “所有”和“盐”。 让我们 一起说这一切。

记住我们谈到的所有减少以及这些强调的 词。 跟我说吧。 “我们全家是……

他们都是关于盐的。我们全家 是……他们都是关于盐的。我们

全家是……他们都是关于盐的。现在 轮到你了 .你自己说。继续

。Vanessa

：（沉默） Vanessa：干得

好。好吧，让我们听这 句话，我希望你听

我们谈论的所有这些事情，那些 减少，停止 T's. 让我们听着。

Carla： 我们全家都是……他们都是关于

盐的。我们全家是……他们都是 关于盐的。我们全家都是。他们都是

关于盐的。 " 瓦内萨：

你的发音肌肉热身了吗？ 但愿如此。 除了会话、词汇、

语法和发音课程，您 还可以访问所有这些课程的 MP3 版本，

以便您可以下载 它们，在您开车时聆听它们，

在您跑步时， 当你在做 早餐的时候，还有完整的成绩单，

这样你就可以跟随并尝试抓住 每一个单词。

您每个月都会获得 Fearless Fluency Club 的另一个元素 ，那就是故事。 让我们

来看看它。 Vanessa：

The Story 是一个有趣的单页组合，将 你本月学习的所有内容、词汇、

语法、发音、主题，一切 都结合在 The Story 中。 你可以听

它，重复它，甚至记住它。 我 还在我们的私人 Facebook 群组中举办每周直播课程，

以便您可以向我提问并 练习每周所学的内容。

许多成员还选择 每周甚至每天一起讲话，有时在 Skype、

Google Hangouts、WhatsApp、Facebook Messenger 上。 这是结交

世界各地朋友和积极使用英语的好方法。 如果您想加入我和

世界各地的其他会员加入 Fearless Fluency Club， 您可以查看此处或

描述中的链接。 瓦内萨

：现在我有一个问题要问你，因为 我们今天谈到了盐，这是添加

到你的食物中的，我想知道 你喜欢吃什么样的食物？ 在

评论中告诉我。 我希望，如果您正在阅读评论， 您不会太饿，因为我

相信您提到的菜肴会很棒。 非常感谢你和我一起学习英语，

下周五我会 在我的 YouTube 频道上再次见到你，上一堂新课。 再见。

Vanessa ：下一步是下载我的免费电子书，

成为自信的英语 演讲者的五个步骤。 您将了解如何

自信而流利地说话。 不要 忘记订阅我的 YouTube 频道以获得更多

免费课程。 非常感谢。 再见。