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[Music]

hi everybody my name is alicia in this

lesson i’m going to talk about the

differences between amid

among and between i’m also going to talk

a little bit about some old-fashioned

uses of these words too let’s get

started all right i want to begin this

lesson by talking about the word amid

amid

so amid refers to being surrounded by

something

and it refers to being in a condition so

when we use the word amid

it’s not like we’re talking about many

different objects but rather we’re

talking about being in a condition or

being in a situation

so you can imagine yourself surrounded

by a condition or being inside a

condition that’s when we use this word

the second point is that amid is a

rather formal word from these words i’m

going to talk about today amid is the

most formal you may also know the word

amidst amidst this is quite formal and

we really don’t use it that much it

sounds uh kind of archaic which means

old-fashioned or like old-style english

you might see this word in like poems or

in maybe books that were written a long

time ago

we don’t use this word very much today

but amid generally does sound more

formal more polite

we use amid then

with uncountable nouns and these

uncountable nouns are often like

abstract nouns so they’re often like an

idea or a concept instead of an object

specifically so let’s take a look at a

few examples of this

first one

i lost my keys amid the confusion at the

end of the party

so here amid comes before the noun the

confusion so confusion this is not an

object this is an abstract noun this is

an idea confusion a confused condition

so we imagine being inside this

confusing situation or this condition of

confusion i lost my keys so we use it in

this way so it’s like an abstract kind

of concept we’re not talking about being

inside like a physical thing but we’re

inside like a concept let’s look at one

more example

her nervousness disappeared

amid the excitement of the party so here

my noun is excitement the excitement of

the party so we imagine being at a party

and it’s an exciting condition so we can

say excitement so amid the excitement

means being inside the condition of and

like an exciting situation

her nervousness disappeared so that

means she was nervous before the party

maybe but because she was inside this

condition of excitement amid the

excitement her nervous feelings

disappeared her nervousness disappeared

because she was in this condition

okay one more example they chose to

cancel our project amid growing concern

about the company budget

here my noun is concern growing concern

so we can use concern as both a singular

and as a plural form like in the

singular and in the plural form but here

i’m using concern as like an abstract

idea so that doesn’t mean like a

specific person’s concern or a specific

person’s like problem but i’m talking

specifically or rather

non-specifically about like everybody’s

like the whole company’s idea or the

whole company’s like uh worry about the

situation so we can use concern in this

way

here i’ve added this modifying word too

growing concern so i’m showing that the

concern in the company is getting bigger

inside this situation inside like

increasing or growing concern in this

situation our project was cancelled or

they chose to cancel our project so

because of these growing of this growing

concern

about the company budget in this case so

you’ll notice in each of these i’m using

this very abstract idea so confusion

excitement or concern i’m not talking

about like an object here so you’ll

notice a mid usually follows something

similar we’re using these very

conceptual nouns with amid

okay so with that in mind with our very

formal word in mind i want to continue

to the next word for this lesson which

is among among so i have two points here

because there are kind of two common

ways that we use among a couple patterns

that are common first

we use among uh when we want to refer to

being surrounded by things so this is

different from a mid remember we used a

mid to talk about a condition or a

situation

here a mung is more used for objects or

maybe other people so these are these

are actual like tangible we can touch

these things they’re not abstract

second we use among when uh we’re like

talking about having many options so

when we refer to having many options or

refer to having many choices so when

there are many different things to

choose from we often use the word among

to kind of make our question i’ll show

you an example of this

okay

among is less formal than amid so you

will probably see this more commonly or

you’ll see this more often than the word

amid

like amid as we talked about with amidst

this kind of old-fashioned archaic word

among also has one the word is amongst

amongst but just like with amidst this

word is not used very much and it can

sound quite old-fashioned so it’s going

to sound like contemporary modern

regular english

today if you use among so don’t worry

about using amongst you may see it from

time to time but it has an older feel

about it

okay

when we’re using the word among then we

use it with countable nouns in the

plural form this is how you’ll see it

used so let’s take a look at some

examples of this

first

he spent a year living among

monks at a temple so here i have among

my noun is monks monks so these are

people who live at temples in this case

and we see here with the s i’m using the

plural form so monk is a countable noun

and the plural form takes an s here so

he spent a year living among so this

means he was one person

and he was surrounded by monks at a

temple so among tells us this among

tells us this situation we would not say

amid here because amid plus this uh

countable noun that’s like people sounds

unnatural it doesn’t sound right we use

amid to talk about conditions

so among sounds much better because

we’re talking about people or objects

and he in this case is one from those

people that he’s surrounded by let’s

look at another example

we saw a dog among the people in the

crowd so a dog among in this case my

noun is the people the people so we can

use among to refer to like groups of

people we can use it to talk about like

a class or a crowd or a team for example

so we understand that that’s a group yes

but it’s made up of individuals so it

sounds quite natural to use that here we

have the people in this case it’s a

crowd of people so we know that there

are many people and the dog is one

object or one creature that’s inside

this group so a dog among people again

we would not use amid here amid the

people it sounds better to use among

because we want to emphasize the

individuals there in the group

okay

finally i want to end with

an example that shows us point two that

i talked about when we have many options

or choices so here i’ve made a simple

sentence a simple question

from among these classes which do you

think is the most useful

from among these classes so imagine in

this case maybe you’re showing someone a

book or some kind of guide from your

university or a school and you’re asking

for a recommendation and you point from

these classes maybe you’re looking at a

group of classes and you say from these

specifically like this group

which do you think is the most useful so

we use among in this case when we’re

talking about many choices so we’re not

talking about two actually we use

between for two which i will talk about

in just a moment but when you have a

group of things to choose from you can

use among to ask someone a question like

from among these classes or from among

these flavors which do you like the best

so if you have a large number of

something like more than two or like

three four or five that’s fine you can

use among

i’ve also put from in parentheses here

sometimes native speakers will drop the

from here

you’ll hear among these classes or well

as we’ll talk about later we see the

same thing with between but you might

hear this part um either very short like

from

you might hear it dropped completely

like from among these classes which do

you think is the most useful

so we can use this when we’re asking uh

for recommendations uh we’re asking for

preferences so this is how we use among

among all right let’s continue on to the

last word for this lesson which is

between between so between also has two

points i want to talk about today the

first

is it refers to being in the middle of

two other things so if i imagine

like i want to make a sentence about the

blue marker i can say the blue marker is

between the red markers so this refers

to being uh in the middle

of two other objects so this is point

one

second we use it when we’re making

decisions from two options so i

mentioned when we talked about among

that we use among when we have like a

group of options we have many options

if however you have two options you can

use between to make the question to ask

about a preference or to ask for a

recommendation

so between can be casual or it can be

formal it just depends on the situation

it depends on the conversation

and something special about between we

can use between with this pattern this

two plus a plural noun i’ll show you an

example of this so first i want to talk

about

point one here some examples with point

one first i dropped my wallet between

the desk and the wall between the desk

and the wall so here there are two

things two nouns

the desk and the wall so that means the

wallet is in the middle of those two

objects if my desk is here and the wall

is here my wallet is in the middle of

those two so i dropped my wallet between

a and b in this case so that shows us

something is in the middle of something

else

second

this uses this kind of two pattern i

mentioned we parked our car between two

ferraris so here this follows a

different pattern between two

and ferraris this is in the plural form

so a ferrari is an expensive car a

sports car so here i’m using two

ferraris so this shows that on both

sides of our car

there was a ferrari so one on this side

and one on this side so it sounds better

to say two ferraris then we parked our

car between a ferrari and a ferrari that

sounds

a little bit unnatural instead we would

say i parked my car between two ferraris

so if they are the same thing if both

sides are the same thing you can use

this two plus the plural noun pattern

okay

finally about point number two here when

you’re making a decision or you’re

trying to ask for a recommendation or

something

we can use this between pattern

very similar to among so this sentence

from between these two colors which do

you think is better for the room so

imagine you’re choosing paint for a room

from between these two colors which do

you think is better so we use between

when there are two

options so like from between these which

do you like best or from between these

flavors which do you think is spicier so

we use this between for two choices and

we use among more for like many choices

three or more so again with between

you’ll often hear people drop this from

and just begin by saying between these

two which do you like so

um you can choose to include from or not

it’s quite casual to drop the from at

the beginning of a sentence like this so

if you have two choices it sounds really

nice to use between to offer those

choices to introduce them

okay so i hope that that helps you

understand the differences between amid

and among and between if you have any

questions or if you have comments or if

you want to practice making an example

sentence with these words please feel

free to do so in the comments section of

this video of course if you like the

video please don’t forget to give it a

thumbs up subscribe to our channel if

you haven’t already and check us out at

englishclass101.com

for some other things that can help you

with your english studies thanks very

much for watching this lesson and i will

see you again soon bye-bye

hi everybody my name is alicia in this

lesson i’m going to talk about the

differences between make and do i’m

going to talk about the key points when

we should choose which verb so i want to

start by looking at the verb make let’s

look over here

first the most important point i think

about this verb is that we use make to

talk about creating something so when we

use make it’s to talk about something

that was not there before so we are like

creating something new so when we use

the verb make it’s not just an action

but there’s something new happening

there’s some kind of creation related

activity happening so i want to look at

a couple of very common examples of the

ways that we use the verb make

first we commonly use it when we’re

talking about cooking so we can use this

before like meal titles for example make

breakfast make lunch or make dinner make

coffee as well we are creating something

new so we are making that thing that’s

why we use make referring to creation

you can also use a specific food name

here like make pasta or make a cake make

cookies so we use make a lot to talk

about creating food or creating drinks

like make a cocktail or make a smoothie

as well so something new is happening

through our actions

another common one is the expression

make an appointment make an appointment

so when we call or we maybe make a

reservation or make an appointment

online we are creating something new so

before that action there was no

appointment now there is an appointment

now there is a reservation as well so we

make an appointment we create an

appointment

the next one

make a video so for kind of creative

related jobs like for example now i am

making a video i’m creating something so

when you write things or maybe post

things online you could say i’m going to

like make some content or i’m going to

make a video or maybe i’m going to make

a photo gallery for example so you’re

creating something new

if you want to talk about your writing

it does sound a little more natural to

say for example write a blog post or

like write an essay so if you can be

very specific about your verb choice

it’s good to use that like write

something but in general in these cases

like making um like photos or making a

photo gallery rather

you can use the verb make to talk about

that to make a video okay

on to the next one another common one to

make a friend to make a friend so this

really means to make like a friendship

but we use the expression make a friend

make a friend

so when you meet a new person you can

say i made a friend another one make an

outline so i included this one because i

was thinking about work related

expressions so an outline is like a

rough idea of something the rough idea

of like a presentation or a new project

to make an outline to create an outline

you could use this uh this same kind of

phrasing with like presentations like to

make a presentation you will also hear

give a presentation but you might hear

make a presentation so make a

presentation make an outline make a

design for something make a template so

again all of these refer to creating

something that was not there before so

you’re creating something new we use the

verb make

next one is make time to make time this

is an interesting and very common

expression so actually this means yes

we’re creating time but not like time

in space we’re creating time in our

schedule so that means if i have maybe a

lot of things in my schedule i have a

lot of appointments i made a lot of

appointments i made a lot of

reservations i cancel something or i

find some time in my schedule to do an

activity so that’s called making time i

want to make time so i’m not actually

creating time itself but i’m creating

time in my schedule so opening some time

in my schedule we use the expression

make time to talk about that

next one

is make preparations for make

preparations for this is kind of a

formal expression

but we use this to talk about like um

periods before events or periods before

like big projects like we’re making

preparations for a party we’re making

preparations for a presentation so to

make preparations for means like you’re

getting everything ready to do something

else

so this is kind of a useful one a useful

expression when you have lots of little

things to take care of

and you don’t want to express everything

individually you can just say make

preparations for or more casually get

ready for but this is nice for business

i feel okay the second point i want to

talk about inside this make point is

about how we use the verb make

to talk about actions caused by

something else

so you can kind of think of this again

as like something is being created yes

in this case it’s going to be like um

someone else’s action is being created

or someone else’s emotion is being

created

so the pattern that we see here in this

case i’m using someone

to make someone cry

here with a verb or to make someone work

so we can use a verb in this pattern

like to make someone cry or to make

someone work means to cause that person

to cry or to cause a person to work to

force someone so these are kind of like

you can think of these as like actions

that have been created so one person

caused another person to cry it’s like

that was created that’s kind of how you

can imagine

mick is being used here we can also use

adjectives here like to make someone

happy or to make someone sad or to make

someone angry another way to say this is

to cause someone to be sad to cause

someone to be happy to cause someone to

be angry so again we’re creating an

emotion in another person so all of

these examples relate to creating

something that’s really a key point with

this verb with make okay

so let’s compare this then to the verb

do the verb do is used to talk about an

action or an activity but we’re not

actually creating anything it’s like

we’re going through emotion

we’re just taking a simple action but

maybe nothing new is coming from the

action let’s look at some common

examples

very useful for students and maybe for

people working do homework do homework

or do homework or like do reports i have

to do some reports or i have to do some

grading if you’re a teacher to do

homework

homework maybe you can think well aren’t

i creating something it’s more like

we’re completing something um so do

homework is kind of a very general set

expression that’s like just a task i

have to do for school so to do homework

or to do a report it’s just like a set

task i need to complete this task so

maybe it’s not like i’m creating

anything maybe if like inside your

homework you have to make something you

can say that like i need to do my

homework i have to make a model you

could be specific about your homework

but if you want to talk generally about

your homework just use do do homework

okay another common one is do the dishes

to do the dishes just means to wash the

dishes you can choose do the dishes or

wash the dishes we do not use make the

dishes here because to make dishes would

mean to create the actual dish which is

not the case here we’re just washing

dishes so to do the dishes it’s a very

common one we use do a lot for household

chores actually like do the vacuuming

or like do the washing for clothes as

we’ll see a little bit later so you’ll

hear this for some everyday household

tasks as well

another one do a presentation i’m going

to do a presentation about something you

might also hear give a presentation i

also mentioned over here like make an

outline i mentioned make a presentation

too

when we use make a presentation it

sounds more like uh creating the content

for the presentation like if you use the

verb make it sounds maybe like you’re

talking about uh creating the things

you’re going to say or like pictures

imagery data you’re making your

presentation content and then when you

have finished that you can say i’m doing

a presentation tomorrow or i’m giving a

presentation tomorrow about this thing

so maybe make a presentation comes first

do the presentation or give the

presentation comes next like actually

speaking so you might hear do or give a

presentation at work

another one is for sports do exercises

do exercises you’ll also hear i’ve used

exercises yes you’ll also hear do used

with sports like sports that don’t use

like a ball so for example like uh to do

yoga uh yoga is like not a ball sport

it’s kind of an activity related sport

so we use do to talk about that we do

not use do basketball or do soccer or do

tennis

we use play for those so if you want to

talk about those kinds of sports

that maybe don’t use a ball or it’s not

like a team sport but it’s just like

activity related like do exercises or do

aerobics is another one

you can use do to talk about that

okay another one uh i’ve got two here

actually is to do one’s hair or to do

one’s nails so to do in this case means

to style one’s hair like to do your hair

but we imagine when we use do for hair

that it’s like your everyday style like

you wake up brush your teeth and do your

hair so it just means you fix your hair

to make it nice for the day so it

doesn’t always mean like a big fancy

style but it can just mean like your

everyday hairstyle to do your hair

for nails then to do your nails means to

paint your nails usually so uh do your

nails is quite common we don’t really

say style your nails actually

you can also use the verb have like i’m

going to have a manicure or get i’m

going to get a manicure so you can use

that for

your fingernails or your toenails as

well to do your nails usually means

color to get a manicure can mean color

or no color so this is common in beauty

then too so to do your hair to do your

nails okay another one is to do a puzzle

so we might see this in like games and

other kind of activities related to that

to do a puzzle you might think that a

puzzle would use make like make a puzzle

because we’re creating a picture kind of

but we use do because it’s like the

puzzle has already been created we’re

just putting the pieces together so we

are doing a puzzle uh you can also use

this for other like word games like to

do a crossword puzzle

that’s something else that we use this

with another game

so if you

like to do that kind of thing you can

use do to talk about it

i mentioned then do

the laundry so i mentioned that this is

commonly used with household chores so

do the laundry is another example so i

think maybe british english users do the

washing in american english we use do

the laundry which means wash clothes so

to do the laundry is another do

expression

i want to end then with

this point to say that this is just as

like an example of how sometimes do

could be used in a way that seems

confusing so i talked over here about

the expression like make breakfast make

lunch make dinner but another common

expression is do breakfast or do lunch

or do dinner so what does that mean

so here this question

the answer is it means to go to a

restaurant so the speaker is not

actually creating the food there it’s

usually used for a meeting so like you

go to a restaurant or you go to a coffee

shop and you have a meeting there

and you can informally casually invite

someone to the meeting with you by

saying do lunch like let’s do lunch

let’s do coffee let’s do dinner it often

sounds like some kind of informal

meeting so using do in this way kind of

creates a casual feel and there’s no

like feeling of creating anything it’s

more like an activity so

you can kind of imagine that do is more

for activities

make is for creating things okay so this

is an introduction to the key ways in

which do and make are different as i

said keep in mind make is used to talk

about creating things there are other

ways to use these verbs yes but i wanted

to introduce some common examples of the

ways that they’re used in everyday life

so i hope that this was helpful but if

you have any questions or comments or if

you want to practice making some

sentences in the comments section of

this video please feel free to do so of

course if you like the video please

don’t forget to give it a thumbs up

subscribe to the channel if you haven’t

already and please check us out at

englishclass101.com

for some other things that can help you

with your english studies thanks very

much for watching this lesson and i will

see you again soon bye-bye

hi everybody my name is alicia in this

lesson i’m going to talk about the

adjective bad and i’m going to talk

about some adjectives that are like

leveled up versions of the word bad so

i’m going to introduce a lot of

adjectives that have like deeper

meanings of bad and i’m going to share

some example sentences so first i want

to introduce the way i’ve presented this

material so this is what’s called an

adjective wheel so inside this wheel

this circle there are lots of adjectives

i separated them into groups and so

we’re going to see how all of the groups

mean similar things but we’re going to

explore

the small differences in meaning so i

want to start with this part of the

wheel so at the center is the word bad

our focus word

i want to begin with this part we’re

going to focus on these three words to

begin so from the center the next word

out is the word decayed this is an

adjective all of these are adjectives

and outside of decayed there are two

more words so here in this group we have

decayed

rotten and spoiled so this is

r-o-t-t-e-n rotten but in american

english we usually pronounce it as

rotten rotten

spoiled is pronounced as it is spelled

spoiled you may also hear this word

pronounced in british english and

perhaps australian english as spoilt

spoiled with a t sound at the end so

decayed the root here is decay which

means that something is like is very old

or maybe it’s dead and it’s becoming

like in a worse state than originally

spoiled and rotten share a meaning which

means that something

is like maybe growing mold like in your

refrigerator or it’s no longer safe to

eat as with food we can also use this

word to talk about like children who

have had like too much good stuff like

too much candy or too much money or too

much fun they expect too many fun things

so it’s something um that was maybe good

before but now is not good so these are

things that are spoiled or rotten

let’s look at how we use these words in

sentences you’ll notice a theme here

first let’s look at the word decayed

we found a decayed animal next to the

road so a decayed animal this means that

the animal is dead and that means the

body is decomposing so to decompose

means it’s not um like an animal shape

anymore the body is slowly breaking into

small pieces so it has like this really

disgusting image a decayed animal

another word

rotten so in this sentence i’ve used

this ew it was a way that we express

disgust casually ew

so ew there’s rotten food in your fridge

so rotten food means the food is not

safe to eat the food smells bad

something is rotten there’s rotten food

in your fridge

and

i think this milk is spoiled i think

this milk is spoiled so these two words

when you’re talking about food you can

use them in the same way like i think

this milk is rotten or ew there’s

spoiled food in your fridge you can use

both of those in the same way so we use

these a lot to talk about food and

drinks decay sends tends to sound a

little more serious like maybe it’s

maybe after like a natural disaster like

a person maybe or like an animal

something that maybe sounds a little

severe we might use decay for that so

this is our first group in this

adjective wheel

let’s move on to this next part over

here these three words the words are

stressful

unpleasant and troubling stressful

unpleasant and troubling so stressful we

see inside this word is stress stress so

something that causes us to feel stress

is stressful

in this word unpleasant we see un

meaning not and pleasant so pleasant

means a good thing something we enjoy

but unpleasant means not enjoyable

something we do not enjoy

and finally troubling something is

troubling

so trouble is here in this word so that

means it causes us to sense trouble so

maybe we don’t feel trouble but maybe we

feel concerned or we feel worried so

let’s look at how we use these words in

sentences first let’s look at stressful

moving to a new house is so stressful so

it causes us stress

now let’s look at unpleasant here that

meeting was really unpleasant so it was

not enjoyable maybe someone had an

argument or there was a big disagreement

that meeting was really unpleasant so

not good

and causing stress as well

third troubling there was troubling

information in the company report so

troubling means like we have a sense

that trouble is happening or there’s

some trouble somewhere so it’s trouble

and like stress it causes a stress and

we sense trouble so troubling and

unpleasant are not necessarily the same

thing so the meeting was maybe

unpleasant but it might not have been

troubling maybe there was no sense of

like trouble or a problem it was just

not a good meeting maybe people were

unhappy

these are kind of

related similar adjectives but not quite

the same

okay let’s continue on to this group at

the bottom of the wheel this group here

of three

the base kind of here for this group is

poor quality poor quality so poor

quality means not good quality so

for example things that are maybe very

cheap are sometimes poor quality or

things that we make very quickly are

poor quality

the other two words in this group are

the very casual crappy some people might

consider crappy a curse word so please

be careful you might hear crappy or

crummy crummy is good to use if you’re

worried about this sounding like a swear

word crummy is spelled

m c-r-u-m-m-y crummy or you might hear

cheap also

a more polite word to use especially at

work is

unsatisfactory unsatisfactory

so let’s look at how to use these words

first poor quality for example my phone

case is really poor quality is really

poor quality so that means maybe it

breaks easily or it doesn’t protect my

phone or it scratches really easily for

example so my phone case is really poor

quality

let’s move on then to crappy so crappy

as i said has like a very casual meaning

about it so something that’s crappy

sounds really really low we can also use

it to describe our feelings like i feel

really crappy today

here in my example sentence i bought a

super crappy pair of shoes online so

here i’ve also used the modifier super

so super also indicates it’s a very

casual situation so we use this word

mostly among close friends and we don’t

use it in polite situations so crappy

means extremely poor quality very low

quality

finally let’s look at this word

unsatisfactory unsatisfactory and if we

break this word down we see the prefix

here on

combined with satisfactory the root here

is the word satisfy so satisfy to

satisfy means like to be pleased with

something to be happy about something so

this means not satisfied with something

not happy about something

in relationship to quality as well

okay so in an example sentence your

sales performance this quarter was

unsatisfactory

it was unsatisfactory so that means your

performance was of poor quality but that

means that it’s like something that we

were not satisfied by so it was not good

but this is a polite way to say like we

wish you had done better for example

okay so that’s this bottom group here

that relates to poor quality a poor

quality meaning

let’s move on to the next group then

this group here so the base word in this

group is mean mean so mean is very

commonly used among kids for someone who

is being unkind someone is unkind we can

say that person is mean

after mean i have these two words which

are evil and corrupt so evil often

refers to like characters in stories so

someone who is

we could say very bad like the bad guy

or like the villain in a story is often

considered evil

so someone who is evil is like 100

percent bad so they want to do

mean things or unkind things or terrible

things

corrupt is a bit different corrupt is

used a lot in the real world to talk

about real world

people and real world situations not

just characters and stories corrupt

means that someone is influenced in a

negative way so often like they’re

taking money or they’re taking favors

in exchange for a service exchange for

something so let’s look at how we use

these adjectives first with mean a

common example is something like this

kids might say why are you being so mean

so why are you being so unkind so maybe

a child would say this to like their

parents when told they can’t do

something why are you being so mean

here with the use of evil a question do

you think darth vader was truly an evil

character

so evil means do you really think that

he was 100

bad so evil here as i said relates a lot

to like stories and storytelling finally

the word corrupt

in this example sentence many people

think politicians are corrupt so that

means again exchanging something like

money or favors in exchange for

another favor in this case in politics

so these all kind of relate to

unkindness being unkind or being mean as

an extension of bad

okay

finally then this last group here

these three words the base here is

harmful harmful so causing harm here we

see full at the end of harm as we saw

with stressful here so these words refer

to causing that thing causing stress and

causing harm here so harmful

means something

that causes us like to feel

maybe in danger or it causes harm as i

said so within that idea there are two

adjectives first is dangerous so the

root here is danger so something that

could be like potentially um

unsafe for people’s health or to their

body and the other word is detrimental

detrimental so here we have detriment

inside this word which means like it

causes a loss in some way so it causes

like a reduction of some kind a decrease

of some kind and something so let’s look

at how we use these in sentences

first is harmful

secondhand smoke is harmful to people’s

health so again it causes harm it causes

damage to people’s health

second is the word dangerous in this

example don’t drive so fast it’s

dangerous it’s unsafe to drive so fast

and finally detrimental he gave a

terrible speech last year it was

detrimental to his career this is a

common way that we use detrimental so we

follow detrimental with your preposition

to so detrimental to what this shows us

it was detrimental meaning it caused a

loss and this part here after the

adjective

explains what like was reduced or what

decreased because of this other thing so

in this case

his career kind of decreased or he like

lost maybe something good about his

career it caused damage to his career so

we use this pattern detrimental to

something to explain that

okay so that’s the final group there but

this is a quick intro introduction to

just actually a few words that mean bad

there are a lot more words um but you

can check a thesaurus to see some more

examples

and to get a few more example sentences

as well so you can check out a lot more

words that mean bad but these are some

good ways i think to start leveling up

your use of this adjective so if you

have any questions or comments or if you

want to practice making an example

sentence with one of these words please

feel free to do so in the comment

section of this video of course if you

liked this lesson please don’t forget to

give it a thumbs up subscribe to our

channel if you have not already and

check us out at englishclass101.com

for some other things that can help you

with your english studies thanks very

much for watching this lesson and i will

see you again soon bye-bye

hi everybody my name is alicia in this

lesson i’m going to talk about a way to

level up your adjectives this lesson i’m

going to focus on the word good so with

good as the base adjective for this

lesson i’m going to talk about some

other adjectives that share the meaning

of the word good but that have kind of a

deeper or a more specific meaning of

this word so let’s get started for this

lesson i’m going to use what’s called an

adjective wheel so the layout for this

is our base adjective is in the middle

of the wheel in this case good

and in the next layer there are kind of

these additional adjectives that have a

slightly deeper meaning than just good

finally on the outermost layer on this

outside layer of the wheel there are

even more specific adjectives so the aim

of this lesson is to help you understand

some differences between these kinds of

adjectives and to give you some example

situations where you might use these

words so i want to begin with this part

of the wheel here

the first sort of more specific

adjective the first deeper adjective is

the word pleasant

pleasant this is the pronunciation

something that is pleasant is good is

nice is favorable we have a good feeling

about it it’s used for like situations

and it kind of sounds a little bit

formal

within pleasant i have these two

adjectives they are

superb superb and wonderful wonderful

so something that is superb maybe you

can see here the root here we have the

word super in the middle super plus b

superb superb so superb sounds much more

formal than super and we use it

something for something that is really

good that is very pleasant and it also

sounds a little bit formal

the other word here wonderful if we

break this word down we can imagine this

means wonder plus full meaning full of

wonder or causing us to feel full of

wonder so this expresses something happy

something positive again something

pleasant

this is less formal than pleasant or

superb so let’s look at some example

sentences that use these adjectives

okay

first one

have a pleasant stay have a pleasant

stay this is something you would hear at

a hotel or another kind of

accommodations place have a pleasant

stay like i said this word is a little

bit more formal so it sounds quite

natural to use in polite situations or

in like customer staff relationships

the next example sentence dinner last

night was superb dinner last night was

superb so we want to express kind of

formally that dinner was good but a

better word than good is superb using

superb here suggests that the dinner was

very very good and maybe kind of

expensive maybe somewhat formal so we

use superb in more formal situations

finally

i’m happy to have lots of wonderful

friends so here we’re using this in kind

of a more casual situation we’re talking

about friendship so our wonderful

friends so that means they’re great

people they’re really really good people

we can use wonderful to express that

naturally yes and it sounds better than

just good friends so wonderful

like shows that they’re amazing they’re

fantastic also words that mean wonderful

okay let’s move on to the next section

of this wheel let’s move on to this part

right here these three adjectives the

first word the base word here is useful

useful so again we can kind of take the

same approach we took to wonderful and

break this word down use full means

something that is full of uses so that

means we can use it for something and

that’s a good thing

the next word here is talented talented

so someone who has a talent we use this

adjective for people someone who has a

talent or who has a skill and we tend to

use this to mean that that person

therefore is useful so it’s a good thing

to be talented finally in this section

the word reliable reliable so here we

see this able or the pronunciation in

this case is hubble meaning able to do

something like it’s possible to do

something and the base here the spelling

is a bit different but the base here is

rely to rely like the verb to rely so

someone who it is possible to rely on or

we can trust that person we do not say

trustable we say reliable or we could

say trustworthy if you want but reliable

so someone or something we can rely on

let’s look at some examples with these

words then first useful

i hope this lesson is useful i hope this

lesson is useful meaning i hope that

inside this lesson you find something

you can use you find something useful

this lesson is useful

the second example sentence i heard that

guy isn’t very reliable i heard that guy

isn’t very reliable so here i’m using

the negative he isn’t very reliable that

means maybe we can’t rely on him so it’s

not a good idea to rely on him so

reliable is typically a good thing so if

you or something in your life is not

reliable that’s a negative thing

finally we have a talented team we have

a talented team so here team refers to a

team of people a talented team means a

lot of people or a group of people who

have talents so this could be multiple

talents it could be the same talent

whatever a talented team so a very

positive comment

okay let’s move along to this part the

bottom part of the wheel here

this part the base is the word

beneficial

beneficial so here the root here is

benefit benefit so it’s like we receive

something good we get a benefit

when we want to express this in the

adjective form we call something

beneficial beneficial

the other two words here are

advantageous advantageous and profitable

profitable the first word here

advantageous this is kind of interesting

because the pronunciation changes a

little bit we have the noun advantage

advantage when we pronounce this

adjective though we say

advantageous advantageous so the

emphasis comes on this advantage

syllable advantageous instead of

advantage as in the noun form so please

be careful of this

so an advantageous thing is something

that gives us an advantage so we get

like a higher position somehow we get a

good position or a better position than

someone else or than something else

this word here

profitable the root here we have profit

and then again we see able here at the

end so possible too

so profit plus able means something that

will maybe possibly give us profit so

profit is money so we get money from

something

so let’s take a look at some example

sentences that use these let’s start

with the word beneficial

here our new healthcare plan will be

beneficial for millions of people so

beneficial for millions of people means

millions of people will get a benefit

they will get something good because of

this health care plan so this will be

beneficial for millions of people

the second example sentence this

contract is advantageous for both of our

companies

this means in this case this contract

this document or this agreement

gives this company company a and company

b an advantage it’s good for both

companies

finally the third example sentence

we expect our new product line to be

quite profitable quite profitable so

here i’ve used quite to modify

profitable this means very quite means

vary be careful it is not quiet or quit

but quite quite profitable so this means

we expect our new product line will help

us get lots of money so profitable means

it’s going to bring in money in some way

you may notice too that these example

sentences are in like business

situations or more formal situations so

these words here might be very useful in

more business english settings so

these words all sound a little bit more

formal we don’t use these so much in

everyday conversation though they’re

common in the news

and other kind of like meeting

and planning related uh discussions okay

let’s move on to this next group here

the next part

the base is perfect the word perfect so

perfect means there’s no problems with

it or it’s just right so just right

means it fits a situation or it suits a

situation so

it’s exactly as needed

inside perfect then there are these two

words pure

and

flawless

so pure

means that it is untainted something

that is untainted so untainted means

like it’s not dirty or there’s never

been a problem with it or it’s exactly

as it was when it was created we’ll see

an example of this in a moment

flawless we can break this word down

into flaw and less so less means having

none of something know of something zero

of something so

no flaws so a flaw means a problem or

like some kind of damage or some issue

something negative so no flaws in

something so let’s see some examples of

how to use these words first

wow this cake is perfect this cake is

perfect so you might use this at like a

children’s birthday party for example oh

this cake is perfect that means like

it’s great for the party it’s exactly

what we need for the party or maybe the

cake is very well made so the flavor is

perfect you could say

this cake is perfect can have a few

different meanings

but you can be specific about what you

want to say by maybe changing

this part here wow this cake tastes

perfect or this cake is perfect for the

party

but more generally you could just say

this cake is perfect so perfect just

shows you feel like it’s just right it’s

exactly as needed

okay the second example sentence is a

question actually is this pure fruit

juice is this pure fruit juice so this

means is this 100 fruit juice is this

natural 100 natural fruit juice so maybe

you’ve seen at supermarkets sometimes

there’s fruit juice that’s like 20 fruit

juice or 30 fruit juice so that’s not

pure

fruit juice

if you want to express something that is

pure so nothing is added to it nothing

has been changed you can use pure to

talk about that like many people will

say like oh children are so pure you

know like they’re unchanged so they’re

still learning there’s no like damage

nothing has been added to children so

like children are so pure for example

finally this one with flawless he did a

flawless backflip so a backflip means

jumping in the air and flipping uh

backwards flipping backwards so a

flawless backflip means he did this

trick perfectly so that means there was

no problem with it it was exactly

correct it was flawless we would not say

a pure backflip we wouldn’t say that

because a backflip is like a kind of a

skill so we tend to use pure more for

things that are like um

maybe like for people or for things that

are naturally created we use flawless

for things related to like our skills or

our abilities so we would not use that

pure here and we would not use flawless

in front of fruit juice

so kind of try to remember pure is more

for natural things flawless is for

skills and abilities

okay

let’s move on to the final group here

the final three the base is the word

real real so of course there’s the word

real which means like true like

something in reality in the real world

in the actual world so we can use real

um more specifically with these two

words first is legitimate legitimate we

often shorten this word

to legit legit this is a very casual

word but it’s very commonly used so

legitimate means true or correct or real

yes um but it’s often used in like

business or in like people’s

relationships to mean sincere or like

legal or correct i’ll show an example of

this in a moment

finally this adjective is proper so

proper also means correct but it means

like as expected

so something that is real is true yes

and then proper means like it’s as it

should be it’s supposed to be that way

okay so let’s look at some example

sentences first have you ever seen a

real dinosaur skeleton

so this means

because we have real included here it’s

like saying

not a fake skeleton so not a plastic

skeleton but a true skeleton a real one

so this was actually a dinosaur in the

past have you ever seen a real dinosaur

skeleton

the second example sentence uses

legitimate or we could say legit as well

i’m not sure he’s running a legitimate

business

this means i’m not sure this person is

running running means operating so i’m

not sure this person is running a legit

business means i don’t think like his

business is legal so when you see

legitimate or legit used to talk about

business it’s a question of legality is

the business legal or is there maybe

something that’s going on maybe behind

closed doors that we can’t see

so legitimate with business is often

talking about this kind of uncertainty

so we can use legit or legitimate to

express that

finally then proper it’s important to

eat three proper meals a day so here a

proper meal refers to a like well

balanced nutritious meal so something

that we expect something that is like

supposed to be a meal we should eat that

thing so that means

a proper meal is not like junk food is

not something unhealthy

it’s lots of like fresh vegetables or

fresh fruits or something so that’s a

proper meal something correct something

that is as it is expected to be that’s

proper okay

this is just an introduction to a few

more words that mean good so there are

actually quite a few words that mean

good but i hope that this gives you kind

of a good basis for some of the

different ways that we can use this word

and like some more specific adjectives

that you can choose to better describe

yourself and to describe your situations

so i hope that this was helpful of

course if you have questions or comments

or if you want to practice making a

sentence with any of these words please

feel free to do so in the comment

section of this video of course if you

like this lesson please don’t forget to

give it a thumbs up subscribe to our

channel if you haven’t already and check

us out at englishclass101.com

for some other things that can help you

with your english studies thanks very

much for watching this lesson and i will

see you again soon bye bye

hi everybody my name is alicia in this

lesson i’m going to talk about some

expressions that you can use when you

feel tired let’s get started okay the

first expression is the basic expression

the most basic expression i’m tired i’m

tired so tired here is an adjective and

we therefore need to use i am tired here

i have the contracted i’m tired i

noticed sometimes learners say i tired

or i see it sometimes in writing like in

comments on youtube i tired or i sleepy

please make sure to use i’m tired i’m

tired i’m tired

so we use i’m tired it’s kind of our

basic expression we use usually at the

end of the day so we finished work or we

finished school we finished some kind of

activity and it’s night time it’s

evening

so we use it maybe after playing sports

or some kind of

strenuous so strenuous means it requires

a lot of physical effort so we use this

at the end of activities

we use it after work after school

just after a long day i’m tired it’s a

casual expression very common it means

like just your body is tired or your

mind is tired also so you could use it

after a test like oh i’m tired maybe

mentally tired so mentally refers to

your mind

okay let’s move on to the next

expression then next is i’m exhausted

i’m exhausted so the pronunciation of

this word this e x h makes an x x

so this e x sounds like egg actually

it’s making like a g sound almost so not

exhausted but exhausted exhausted i’m

exhausted

means very tired exhausted means very

tired i’m exhausted

this expression is stronger than i’m

tired oops i have a mistake there i’m

tired so

i’m tired is like the basic level

i’m exhausted means like i am extremely

tired i’m very tired maybe i had a very

long day or a very busy day i’m

exhausted so we would use this after

maybe a particularly difficult day or

maybe like we’ve just run a marathon or

done some really strenuous activity so

i’m exhausted is another very common

word that we use you can also use this

to talk about someone else if they seem

like they had a long day you can say you

look exhausted for example that’s going

to sound really really strong though so

you look tired and you look exhausted

are a little bit different but exhausted

shows like there’s a lot of like effort

that went into your day perhaps okay so

i’m tired and i’m exhausted are two good

words to know good phrases

let’s move on to this one i’m beat i’m

beat i’m beat is a very casual way to

say

i’m tired

so beat uh so beat uh this comes from

the verb to beat so to hit something is

what to beat can mean so for example

like to beat a drum means to hit a drum

so when we say i’m beat it’s like saying

i have been hit

like something hit me not physically but

it’s like today

like there were so many things to do

today or i had so many activities to do

i feel like my body or my mind has been

hit has been beaten so we use this

expression i’m beat to mean i’m very

tired but it’s a very casual expression

so when we say i’m beat it’s like a

rough kind of friendly version of i’m

exhausted but i’m beat we might say like

after

after like a day of happy activities

like maybe after snowboarding or skiing

or maybe we’re spending lots of time

with friends but we feel tired we could

say i’m beat i’m beat

so it means the same thing as i’m tired

really or i’m exhausted it means i’m

very tired or i’m quite tired but it

sounds friendly it sounds rough it

sounds casual

so i’m beat i’m tired i’m exhausted are

great expressions to know let’s move on

to the next one then i’m sleepy i’m

sleepy so you can see here sleep

is inside this word sleepy so this word

is more specific

than these three i’m tired i’m exhausted

and i’m beat these are kind of general

words they can mean like i’m sleepy i

feel a little sleepy but this word

sleepy is specifically

related to sleep so i’m sleepy

means not just that you want to relax

which is like with tired but i’m sleepy

specifically means you want to sleep i’m

sleepy so as a result this is something

i’ve heard learners use the words i’m

sleepy

lessons so we tend to use i’m sleepy

more like at the end of the day as we’re

preparing to go to bed

like i’m a little sleepy uh maybe at the

end of the day or perhaps at the very

beginning of the day like when you get

to the office or you get to school you

might say ah i’m a little sleepy today

or i feel sleepy today but sometimes i

would ask my students like how are you

in lessons and they would say i’m sleepy

and

that’s okay i mean like there’s no

communication error but i think in the

middle of the day we might say i’m a

little tired or maybe i’m a little

sleepy to make it a little bit softer i

feel like we tend to use this more at

the very beginning or at the very end of

the day like just after we wake up or

just before we go to bed so try to use

it in a softer way like i’m a little bit

sleepy maybe after lunch you could use

this if you had a big lunch but sleepy

it tends to sound like you are ready to

go to sleep so

as a result we don’t use this so much in

like work settings like in a meeting for

example or when you’re speaking with

your colleagues you might say tired

instead of sleepy because we can’t go to

sleep in the office in most cases so

sleepy refers specifically to wanting to

go to sleep i’m ready for sleep is what

it means

okay

so let’s move on to a related phrase

then which is this i’m ready for bed i’m

ready for bed

this is a less direct way to say i’m

sleepy i have it written here as well

this is less direct than i’m sleepy

so you can use this to show you are

tired or to show you are sleepy and you

are preparing to go to bed so this i’m

ready for bed or i’m ready to go to bed

you could use that as well i feel i’m

ready for bed is a little more common so

that means i’m ready to go to sleep that

means i’m tired i’m sleepy i’m ready i’m

at that point in the day when it’s time

i’m ready to go to bed i’m ready to

sleep in other words so we use this

instead i’m ready for bed or i’m ready

for sleep

i feel i’m ready for bed is a little

more common though so i’m sleepy i’m

ready for bed you could put those two

together if you like so again a little

bit less direct just i’m ready for bed

at the end of the day

okay let’s move on to the next

expression

next actually this is an idiom a very

common idiom there are two variations i

want to introduce here first

i’m gonna hit the hay

and second i’m gonna hit the sack so

these two right here these are

the idioms hit the hay or hit the sack

hit the hay or hit the sack so here we

see hit

the verb hit is in both of these

expressions hit here means like your

body physically hitting physically

contacting another object so what is hay

what is sac here

these two things

have kind of like historical references

to the way

that we slept in the past or rather the

materials we slept on in the past so in

the past hey

hey was used inside of things like we

use

mattresses today but maybe mattresses

today don’t have hay inside them hay is

used to feed like cows and horses and

other farm animals so it’s like

long kind of rough pieces of fiber so

hay was used inside cloth to make softer

sleeping surfaces

so this was used to create something

like a big sack so a sack is like a bag

a rough bag

so to hit the hay refers to putting your

body on top of hay or hay inside a cloth

that made a soft sleeping surface or

this one hit the sack refers to

that

mattress-like object that our bodies

land on to go to sleep so that’s where

these expressions come from hit the hay

and hit the sack and this i’m gonna is

just i’m going to so this means i’m

going to go to bed that’s all that this

means i’m going to go to bed both of

these mean the same thing

so to refresh these are both idioms that

just mean go to bed i’m gonna go to bed

i’m gonna hit the hay i’m gonna hit the

sack that’s what this refers to these

have a couple of interesting historical

points behind them okay

let’s move on to the next one

the next one and an alternative it is

i’ve gotta

call it a day call it a day so i want to

focus on this one call it a day so i

have here i’ve gotta this is i have got

to i have got to

or you might hear native speakers say i

gotta we often drop this v sound but we

should use it i’ve gotta call it a day

or i have to call it a day

another way we use this expression is

i’m gonna call it a day so again i’m

gonna means i’m going to i’m going to

call it a day i’m going to call it a day

or i have to call it a day i’ve gotta

call it a day so what does this call it

a day mean so call it a day

is used to mean to decide the day is

finished so to call it a day means at

this point in my day usually in the

evening we say this phrase we decide i’m

done today is finished i’m done i feel

tired so i’m going to decide today is

finished here

so we can say uh to decide the day is

finished for this phrase or just to end

the day

so we use this when we are finishing our

activities for the day and we feel tired

so this means we use this expression

when we are finishing work or when we’re

finishing like homework school

activities or sports we sometimes use

this before

bed a little bit before bed i suppose

but this is more commonly used when we

are completing our activities for the

day so that’s why we say call it a day

today’s work or today’s progress is

finished right here i’m going to call

this point one day so i’m going to call

this activity that i did today one day

so i’m going to call it a day or i have

to call it a day

we would use i have to call it a day

often more often when like there’s

something else we have to do so like

maybe you have a dinner appointment so

you could say sorry i have to call it a

day like that means i have to finish

here maybe because i have another

appointment i have to call it a day that

sounds maybe more like there’s some

other thing you need to do

otherwise you can say i’m gonna call it

a day so i’m gonna finish today here

so these are a few expressions that you

can use when you are tired or when

you’re sleepy or when you’re finishing

your activities for the day so i hope

that this was helpful for you of course

if you have questions or comments or if

you want to practice these or if you

have an interesting idiom or expression

in your language that you use when you

feel tired please share it with everyone

in the comment section also if you liked

this video please don’t forget to give

it a thumbs up remember to subscribe to

our channel if you have not subscribed

already we really appreciate it and

check us out for more things at

englishclass101.com that can hopefully

help you with your english studies

thanks very much for watching this

lesson and i will see you again soon bye

bye

kettle

a kettle is something that you use to

heat up water you might also hear this

called a teapot

the kettle is on the stove

the kettle is on the

stove the

kettle is on the stove

pot

a pot is something we use in the kitchen

it’s usually big and round and we use it

for soups and stews

that pot is 10 years old

that

pot is 10 years old

frog

a frog is a small creature they’re

typically green and we can see them

around lakes and rivers

the green frog is in the water

pigeon pigeon

pigeon

a pigeon is a very common bird they’re

very well known in like big cities and

in town centers as kind of a nuisance or

a pest don’t feed the pigeons

don’t feed the pigeons

guidebook

guide book

a guidebook is a book that is intended

to be used as a guide we can use

guidebooks for restaurants for travel

for many different topics

a guidebook will give you helpful

information for your trip

a guidebook will give you helpful

information for your trip

a guide book will give you helpful

information for your trip

entrance

trence

an entrance is a place usually in a

building where you can enter the space

where’s the entrance

tour guide

tour

guide a tour guide is someone who leads

a tour they are the person responsible

for guiding the people on the tour

meet your tour guide at the entrance to

the hotel

meet your tour guide at the entrance to

the hotel

meet your tour guide at the entrance to

the hotel

reservation

a reservation is an appointment we use

the word reservation when we’re talking

about restaurants hotels and flight

tickets as well

do you have a reservation

passport

a passport is a special document given

by your country that allows you to

travel internationally its id

the passport has expired

computer science

computer

science

computer science is a topic of study

it’s the use of computers and science

together

computer science classes are on mondays

math

math is the short form of the word

mathematics it can refer to very simple

mathematics or complicated mathematics

my favorite subject in school is math

feel

the verb feel can be used to talk about

the sensation of touching something or

it can be used to express our emotions

i feel wonderful tonight

draw

the verb draw is the verb that we use to

refer to making a picture so we use a

pen or a pencil or something else to

create a picture

the artist draws a picture

plan

plan can be used as a verb or as a noun

as a verb it means to create a schedule

for something

we’ll plan the holiday to europe

sale

sale is a noun it refers to a discount

it’s often used when shopping to refer

to a place where you can receive a

discount

there’s a big sale in the shoe

department

there’s a big sale in the shoe

department

there’s a big sale in the shoe

department

shopping

shopping can be used as a noun it can

also be a verb in the progressive form

it refers to going out to a mall or a

department store to look for something

to buy

i love shopping for clothes

fourth

fourth comes after third which is after

second and first it refers to the number

four of something

for my fourth birthday my mother gave me

a book

for my fourth birthday my mother gave me

a book

for my fourth birthday

my mother gave me a book

fifth

fifth refers to the number five of

something it comes after fourth

you live on the fifth floor don’t you

sixth

so sixth refers to the number six of

something this is a really good word to

practice some pronunciation slow down

that sixth

that middle part there

the sixth book from the left

seventh

seventh refers to the number seven of

something this is just like the word

seven but with th at the end please read

the seventh paragraph of the contract

please read the seventh paragraph of the

contract

please read the seventh paragraph of the

contract

conditioner

conditioner is something we use for hair

care we usually use it after shampoo

this makes our hair shiny and soft rinse

with conditioner

rinse with conditioner

rinse

with conditioner

deodorant

diode

deodorant is something that we use to

help prevent unpleasant smells coming

from our body

he bought a new deodorant

liquid soap

so liquid soap refers to soap that is in

liquid form this is different from

something like bar soap which is solid

do you have liquid soap

duck

duck as a noun refers to a very common

bird usually you’ll find them at parks

ponds lakes and so on

the ducklings follow the mother duck

crow

a crow is a very common bird it’s all

black and it’s often very noisy

crows are among the smartest birds

cockroach

cockroach a cockroach is a very small

creature it’s a dirty pest and usually

people don’t want them in their house

a cockroach has six legs wings and

antennae

a cockroach has six legs wings and

antennae

a cockroach has six legs wings and

antennae

mosquito

ma ski

a mosquito is a very small bug most

people know them because the land on you

bites you and it becomes very itchy

afterwards

dragonflies eat mosquitoes

dragonflies eat

mosquitoes dragonflies

eat mosquitoes

construction worker

construction

worker

a construction worker is someone who

works on a construction site which means

a place where a building is being made

or some kind of maintenance is happening

the construction worker is measuring

wood

the construction worker is measuring

wood

the construction worker is measuring

wood

homemaker

home maker

a homemaker is a person who usually

stays in the home to take care of kids

to take care of the home to prepare

meals and so on men and women can be

homemakers

the hardest worker anywhere is the

homemaker

the hardest worker anywhere is the

homemaker

the hardest worker anywhere is the

homemaker

ice

ice is frozen water we usually like to

drink it in summer to make our drinks

cold

ice has formed on the window

history

history refers to the past it’s a topic

of study in school we learn all about

the things that happened in the past

you can learn a lot from history as

things tend to repeat themselves

you can learn a lot from history as

things tend to repeat themselves

you can learn

a lot from history

as things tend to repeat themselves

geography

geography refers to the study of the

world this means memorizing the names of

countries and the positions of countries

or even cities states regions and so on

she did not like to study geography

store

a store refers to any place that sells

something there are many different types

of stores like supermarkets or shoe

stores and so on a store is the general

word

i’m going to the store to buy some milk

and eggs

i’m going to the store to buy some milk

and eggs

i’m going to the store to buy some milk

and eggs

market

a market is a place often outdoors where

individual sellers can sell things to

their customers

we buy our fruits and vegetables at the

local market

we buy our fruits and vegetables at the

local market

we buy our fruits and vegetables at the

local market

price

price is a noun it refers to the cost of

something in a store what is the price

what is the price

coupon

a coupon is something on paper or in

some cases digital that you can use to

get a discount for a product

i have a coupon for 50 off so let’s eat

there

i have a coupon for 50 off so let’s eat

there

i have a coupon for 50

off so let’s eat there

aisle

i’ll

an aisle is the open space between two

rows of things for example like rows of

seats on an airplane or between shelves

in a supermarket the open space is the

isle

i would like to sit in an aisle seat in

case there is an emergency

i would like to sit in an aisle seat in

case there is an emergency

i would like to sit in an aisle seat in

case there is an emergency

bag

a bag refers to something that we use to

carry things it can be big or small

my bag is too heavy

photograph

a photograph is a picture this word is a

noun photograph and picture generally

refer to the same thing photograph might

sound a little more formal this

photograph doesn’t look good

this photograph doesn’t look good

soda

soda refers to a drink that has bubbles

in it it is a non-alcoholic drink you

might also hear it called pop

soda contains a lot of sugar

ninth

refers to the number nine of something

ramadan is the ninth month of the muslim

year

ramadan is the ninth month of the muslim

year

ramadan is the 9th month of the muslim

year

10th

10th refers to the number 10 of

something we can use this in schedules

in tournaments whatever

i finally made a goal on my 10th attempt

i finally made a goal on my tenth

attempt

eighth

eighth refers to the number eight of

something the pronunciation might be a

little tricky so be careful with this

one

i live on the eighth floor

i live on the eighth

floor

shaving razor

a shaving razor is a razor used

specifically for shaving hair this could

be on the face or on other parts of the

body

disposable shaving razor

washcloth

wash cloth

a washcloth is a noun and it refers to a

cloth we specifically use for washing

the body

the boy is washing his face with a

washcloth

the boy is washing his face with a

washcloth

the boy is washing his face

with a washcloth

towel

a towel is a cloth that we use to dry

things usually these can be very large

like to take to the beach or very small

like for drying our hands this towel is

too small for me

this towel is too small for me

spoon

a spoon is something we use to eat it’s

a curved eating utensil and we usually

use it to eat soups or stews or ice

cream those kinds of things forks spoons

and knives are eating utensils

forks spoons and knives are eating

utensils

forks

spoons and knives are eating utensils

fork

a fork is a utensil we use that has

prongs at the end so this is useful for

picking things up like stabbing things

and picking things up

the fork is made of plastic

knife

a knife is a utensil we use to cut food

it’s usually very sharp

could you pass me the knife

plate

a plate is something that we use to hold

our food it’s a flat object after we

finish cooking food we put it on a plate

this plate is different from that one

b a b is a very common creature lots of

people are afraid of them some people

have allergies to them bees make honey

the bee is pollinating the yellow flower

the bee

is pollinating the yellow flower

ant

an ant is a very common creature they

are very very small and they live in the

ground usually you see ants in big

groups

ants have six legs

snake

snakes are creatures that we typically

don’t see in cities you might see them

out in forests maybe in desert areas

lots of people are afraid of snakes

the rattlesnake is coiled and ready to

strike

the rattlesnake is coiled and ready to

strike

the rattlesnake is coiled and ready to

strike

milk

milk is a very common and very popular

drink there are many different types of

milk traditionally milk came from cows

or perhaps goats or sheep but now there

are types that come from nuts or soy and

so on

milk is an important source of calcium

for kids and adults

milk is an important source of calcium

for kids and adults

milk is an important source of calcium

for kids and adults

designer

a designer is someone who has a design

related job this could be a graphic

designer it could be an interior

designer it could be a fashion designer

someone who creates designs

she wants to become a fashion designer

artist

an artist is a person who creates art

art can mean many different things it

could be music it could be movies it

could be paintings something you

experience in a museum many different

things

many artists struggle for a long time

before achieving success

many artists struggle for a long time

before achieving success

many artists struggle for a long time

before achieving success

soldier

a soldier is someone who is employed by

the military so their job is to

participate in the military and work for

the military sometimes this means

fighting

the soldiers are moving into position

entrepreneur

an entrepreneur refers to someone who

starts a business they usually have a

big idea that’s kind of unique they have

maybe very innovative ways to approach

their work sometimes

entrepreneurs change the world with

their ideas

entrepreneurs change the world with

their ideas

entrepreneurs change the world with

their ideas

story

short story

a short story is different from a novel

for example because it has very few

pages it’s easy to read and understand

quickly i read only short stories

i read only short stories

folder

a folder is something that we use to

keep documents this can be a physical

folder or it can be a digital folder i’m

sure you have many of these on your

computer

i put the documents in a folder

frying pan

a frying pan is a very common item to

have in a kitchen it’s usually quite

large and it has a handle on it we use

it to make eggs pancakes many different

things

this frying pan is very cheap this

frying pan is very cheap

this frying pan is very cheap

cutting board

a cutting board is as it sounds it’s a

board that can be wood or plastic or

maybe another material that we use to

cut on this is to keep our counters

clean and safe

the cook is cutting a hard-boiled egg on

the cutting board

the cook is cutting a hard-boiled egg on

the cutting board

the cook is cutting a hard-boiled egg on

the cutting board

sink

a sink is a place where you wash your

hands or in the kitchen a place where

you wash your dishes

the sink is almost full

bowl

a bowl is something that we use to eat

soup or stew or perhaps ice cream

anything that is kind of liquid-like

the bowl is empty

the bowl is

empty

exit

the exit is the opposite of the entrance

an exit is a way out of somewhere

where is the exit

map

a map can be a physical item or a

digital item it’s a guide to the area

around us or it can be a guide to a

larger region like a state a city or

even the world

check the map to find your way to your

destination

check the map to find your way to your

destination

check the map to find your way to your

destination

suitcase

suit

case

a suitcase is something that we use to

keep our belongings in when we travel a

suitcase can be very small or it can be

very large

do not leave valuables in your suitcase

tourist

a tourist is someone who visits a city

or a country just to see the sights they

don’t live there they’re just there

temporarily for a short time to enjoy

famous places

the tourist is taking pictures of the

animals

the tourist is taking pictures of the

animals

the tourist is taking pictures of the

animals

politics

politics refers to the government of a

country or to the government of a world

it’s a popular discussion topic people

like to talk about policies about people

and about ideas relating to world

governments

the politician is talking politics

biology

biology is a subject of study it’s a

subject in science biology refers to

living things to organisms plants

animals and creatures

biology is the study of living organisms

biology

is the study of living organisms

chemistry

ke mystery

chemistry is another subject of study

also a science chemistry looks at very

very small scale reactions between

chemicals gases many different kinds of

things the laboratory is a place to

learn about chemistry

the laboratory is a place to learn about

chemistry

the laboratory is a place to learn about

chemistry

physics

physics is another topic in the science

category physics looks at how we

understand the world in terms of things

like time and space and gravity

i know the basics of physics

economics

mix

economics is the study of the economy so

this refers to the money that comes and

goes and moves around inside a country

or around the world as well

economics is a good background for many

fields

economics is a good background for many

fields

economics is a good background for many

fields

put

put is a verb we can understand it as

meaning to place so it sounds a little

bit less formal than place

please try to put this box on the top

shelf

please try to put this box on the top

shelf

please try to put this box on the top

shelf

remember

remember is a verb it means to recall

information to be able to think of

something that you saw or heard or

learned about in the past

i’ll try to remember

i will try to remember

hold

hold is a verb which refers to keeping

something usually in your hand

hold on to the handrail

hold on to the hand rail

shopping cart

a shopping cart is something we use in

the supermarket they’re generally kind

of large we can push them around the

store and we put our items inside

the shopping cart is empty

plastic bag

a plastic bag is the bag that we get

from many stores like supermarkets or

convenience stores or maybe other retail

stores we get a plastic bag after we

purchase items

the man is carrying a plastic bag full

of groceries

the man is carrying a plastic bag full

of groceries

the man is carrying a plastic bag full

of groceries

comedy

call me

comedy is an art form it’s the art of

making people laugh comedy is also a

movie genre they’re watching a comedy

and laughing

they’re watching a comedy and laughing

novel

a novel is a type of book it’s a long

story so there are many different kinds

of books books that are novels refer to

these long stories often with complex

plots and interesting characters

i like suspense novels

like suspense novels

hey everyone welcome to the monthly

review the monthly show on language

learning

[Music]

where you discover new learning

strategies motivational tips study tools

and resources

by the way all the lessons and bonuses

you’re about to see can be downloaded

for free on our website

so click the link in the description

right now to sign up for your free

lifetime account okay today’s topic is

are you focusing on only one skill the

seven skills you’ll need for language

mastery

are you the type of language learner

that focuses on only one skill like only

speaking or only doing translation

exercises then you may eventually

realize that your language isn’t

progressing as fast as you’d like

so in today’s episode you’ll learn one

why most language learners plateau

two the seven skills you’ll need for

language mastery and three how to

practice the seven skills with art

program

[Music]

but first here are this month’s new

lessons and resources be sure to

download these now before we take them

down in a few days

first the using transportation

conversation cheat sheet do you know how

to get around in your target language

you’ll be able to this new cheat sheet

teaches you the must-know vocabulary and

phrases like where can i buy a ticket

how much is the train pass and much more

second the ultimate guide to beginner

language ebook want a free way to boost

your vocabulary with this new pdf ebook

you’ll master over 500 beginner words

and phrases more than enough to start

speaking the language with confidence

third can you talk about holiday

accommodations in your target language

learn how to say hotel guest house in

and much more with this quick vocab

bonus

fourth

most common ways to say sorry

do you know all the ways to apologize in

your target language this one minute

lesson will get them in your head

guaranteed

to get your free resources click the

link in the description below right now

they’re yours to keep forever okay let’s

jump into today’s topic

are you focusing on only one skill the

seven skills you’ll need for language

mastery

part one why most language learners

plateau

if you observe other language learners

you’ll notice that many learners just

want to speak and understand the

language and as a result they focus only

on speaking and nothing else

then you have learners who like to start

with reading so they spend most of their

time there and then there are learners

who do translation games and spend most

of their time there

all of these are good ways to approach a

language but what happens is learners

that focus on speaking seem to speak

well but if you go outside of a topic

they practice they’ll start struggling

learners that spend most of their time

reading are only good at reading and

then wonder why they can’t speak and

learners that have been playing

translation games are good at

translating but don’t understand real

life speech

the point is you’ll be unbalanced if you

focus on one skill and skip out on the

rest you’ll never become truly fluent or

you’ll be able to speak on a few topics

you know about but that’s it but that’s

not enough for conversational fluency so

if you want to avoid this trap and

become truly fluent you should focus on

seven language skills speaking listening

reading writing grammar vocabulary and

culture

part two the seven skills you’ll need

for language mastery

now someone might ask what’s the point

of reading if i just want to speak the

language the fact is all skills

complement and improve one another for

example if you’re practicing reading you

naturally pick up new words and grammar

rules along the way which will help you

with speaking because if you want to

speak more you’ll need to know more

words and grammar rules also reading out

loud can help with speaking

if you’re learning grammar this will

help you with speaking listening reading

and writing because you’ll need to be

able to speak and use those grammar

rules understand them in written

information and in speech and use it in

writing

with writing again you’re reinforcing

words and grammar rules that you’ll also

need for listening speaking and reading

with listening there can be speaking

involved if you shadow what you hear

you can also pick up words and reinforce

grammar points as you listen

then you can use those same words and

grammar rules later on during speaking

practice all skills feed into each other

and with culture with culture you need

things to talk about with native

speakers and culture is a great topic

plus in certain languages and cultures

you’ll need to speak more politely to

people who are older or more senior to

you so this involves learning vocabulary

and grammar

there’s also one more bonus to

practicing all seven language skills

learning all seven skills will actually

help you learn the language much faster

mixing up skills like this is called

intra-leaving

interleaving is a proven learning tactic

where you use different forms of

practice to master something for example

if you’re learning vocabulary you can

read it then say it write it out study

with flashcards listen to a native

speaker say it

and doing so will help you remember

better instead of just reading the word

five times and hoping it sticks it

probably won’t

so let’s recap you should focus on the

seven skills of language learning

because one you avoid being imbalanced

two all of these skills feed into each

other and improve your overall language

and three it’ll help you learn faster

part three how you practice the seven

skills with our program

now if you want to take your language to

the next level you’ll need to

incorporate all seven skills in your

study routine speaking reading writing

listening vocab grammar and culture so

here’s how you can practice each skill

with our learning program one of the

most unique things about our program is

that you can actually practice all seven

skills with it

first for speaking shadow the

conversations in our lesson dialogues

and if that’s too hard read the

dialogues out loud and go slowly at your

own pace use our voice recording tool to

practice saying each line of the

conversation and you can send recordings

of yourself to your premium plus teacher

for listening simply take our lessons

and listen to the conversations you can

also download the dialogue tracks and

review the conversations without the

translations also be sure to take our

listening comprehension lessons

for reading listen to the audio and

follow along with the lesson notes or

transcript so that you don’t miss a

single word

you can also practice reading with our

extensive reading books

for writing write out the lesson

dialogues and write out the words

phrases and grammar rules that you come

across

you can also try and create your own

sample sentences and you can send them

to your premium plus teacher for

corrections

for grammar you’ll come across grammar

rules in our lessons write the rules

down try and create your own sentences

and keep taking the lessons and keep on

reading

for vocabulary use our spaced repetition

flashcards to master the words and of

course write them down in a notebook say

them out loud and save them in the word

bank so you can come back to them to

review later

and for culture take our lessons you’ll

pick up culture tips along the way check

out our culture class lessons as well

you can do one skill a day or you can

also try all of them in one study

session

listen to the lesson repeat what you

hear for speaking practice write out the

dialogue review the vocabulary with the

slideshow

practice the grammar rules and note down

the cultural tips or focus on two skills

a day pair up listening and speaking the

next day i do reading and writing and

then vocabulary and grammar and then

culture

and again you can study all seven of

these skills with our program so if you

haven’t done so yet be sure to click the

link below and sign up for a free

lifetime account

so thank you for watching this episode

of monthly review

next time we’ll talk about how to write

1000 words of your target language in 5

minutes a day with the daily dose diary

if you enjoyed these tips hit the like

button share the video with anyone who’s

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and if you’re ready to finally learn

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start speaking from your very first

lesson get our complete learning program

right now click the link in the

description see you next time bye

one of the best ways to learn a language

is with a native speaker but what if you

can’t afford to take a class or what if

you’re too busy to learn on someone

else’s schedule

that’s why with our program you get

access to your own teacher with a study

tool called my teacher so you can learn

with your own teacher at your own pace

anywhere anytime

how does my teacher work you’ll discover