Building Collective Resilience in the Wake of Disasters

early in the morning on september 20th

2017

judith rodriguez awoke the sound of her

kitchen door flying off the hinges

as hurricane maria surged across puerto

rico

she survived the storm but the damage to

her home and the loss of electricity

made cooking impossible days later she

heard of a group of volunteers

serving meals from a community kitchen

in the neighboring town of kawas

she wanted to support the effort so she

brought up her dishes to see if they

could be put to use what she discovered

was that the community kitchen had

quickly evolved into becoming a centro

de apoyo mutual or

mutual aid center an open canvas for

several other basic services including

medical support

she found both community and an

opportunity

to directly contribute to the relief

effort

instead of feeling like a victim judith

was able to find a sense of purpose

through a shared experience with others

i’ve been interested in stories like

this one for a long time

i grew up in a small community of about

200 people

and it feels strange to say it but i

have fond memories of when things have

gone wrong

disruptions meant that for a week a day

or

maybe even just a few hours neighbors

forgot about whatever else was going on

in their own lives and any interpersonal

conflicts they had

and came together to work towards a

common goal

this happened when a culvert got jammed

and a pond emerged in the middle of our

main access road

when the creek rose so high that it

washed out the bridge

or when my neighbor’s home burned the

ground and many of us

ran around the hillsides putting out

spot fires that would have most likely

engulfed our entire community

be easy to look at these situations and

think that we were forced to come

together

but i see it differently i would argue

that most people are just waiting for an

opportunity to collaborate

to show up for each other to share what

they have and

if only for a moment in time to feel a

sense of purpose

for the past three years my colleagues

and i at charible have had the privilege

to work with a team of journalists audio

producers

graphic artists filmmakers and several

organizations

to explore how communities are building

collective resilience

in the wake of disasters through our

documentary series the response

while we have learned a lot in that time

i’ll try my best to sum up our findings

in three points

with a little help from artist kane

lynch first

climate change field disasters are

destructive scary

and on the rise all over the world

there’s a lot to unpack there

so i’m going to come back to this in a

moment

second the majority of news coverage of

these events

teeters on the edge of disaster porn

focusing on the sheer mass of

destruction affecting the victims

while celebrating a few token heroes

at worst the media often perpetuates

harmful stereotypes

depicting people meeting their basic

needs for survival as looters

and contributing to the justification

for the extrajudicial killings of mostly

people of color

by police and white vigilantes a

sickening example of this occurred new

orleans during hurricane katrina

but in both scenarios reporting

routinely underplays the incredible

response by the impacted communities

themselves

and the existing structural issues that

cause

natural hazards to become disasters in

the first place

are completely left out of the story

third

and here’s some good news the

overwhelming evidence

shows that more often than not it’s the

people living in the affected

communities who

despite all the obstacles rise to the

occasion

to save lives reduce suffering and form

a community of care

experiencing what rebecca solnit calls

disaster collectivism

i’ve been told i never get tired of

giving people bad news so

here we go the impacts of climate change

are already being felt

this is no longer just a challenge that

future generations are going to have to

face

it’s ours now according to a recent

report from the un

in the past 20 years there were 7 000

major disaster events

causing 1.2 million deaths affecting

more than 4 billion people

and resulting in almost 3 trillion

dollars in global economic

losses strikingly the number of

climate-related disasters

nearly doubled from the previous two

decades

this year we’ve hit the hottest global

temperatures on record

seeing the first gigafire burning over 1

million acres in northern california

and even had a zombie storm in the

atlantic

now the questions are how bad is the

climate going to get

how quickly can it get better and what

are we going to do in the meantime

i don’t know about the first two

questions but i’ve seen a number of

things that might just hold some of the

answers to the last one

after hurricane sandy hit new york city

on the heels of the occupy wall street

movement in 2012

a network of autonomous relief efforts

came together

under the banner of occupy sandy it

became one of the most effective

responses after the storm

at one point swelling to sixty thousand

volunteers due in large part their

informal techniques

they were able to foster relationships

with residents who in turn

played a key role in their own recovery

they utilized a mixture of crowdsourcing

essential goods from individuals and

other organizations

and the redistribution of government aid

primarily in the economically

marginalized rockaways peninsula

as part of this network terry bennett

created respond and rebuild

which among other things specialized in

the pumping

and gutting of flooded homes she put an

incredible amount of time and energy

into making personal connections with

the folks she was helping

great example of this is actually from

the first basement she pumped out

for a retired cop and her husband they

pulled up with their big yellow van

looking a little rough around the edges

after having not slept or showered or

changed their clothes in days

terry fondly recounted an exchange she

had with the woman after

they’d known each other for a little

while she conveyed that

her perceptions about other people were

forever changed because of the hurricane

saying a month before the storm

if i would have seen people looking like

you i wouldn’t have given them

directions for the train

but then a month after the storm i’ve

given you the keys to my house

while the scale of occupy sandy’s

response is incredibly impressive

it’s the transformational aspect of

their work that has really stuck with me

in 2017 a magnitude 7.1

earthquake toppled over 40 buildings

caused more than 350 deaths

and injured thousands in and around

mexico city

with so much destruction occurring out

of nowhere an

understandable level of chaos and

confusion soon followed

it became clear that there was a lot of

misinformation being spread over social

media

regarding where people were trapped

which locations needed life-saving

support

and how much of it community organizers

jumped into action and utilized a vast

number of volunteers

to gather information from the field in

order to track and

verify where support was needed using

basic digital tools like a whatsapp

group and

google spreadsheets verificato 19s

became such a valuable resource

the government agencies began coming to

them for information about

where they should go and the legacy of

this initiative lives on

a set of protocols and manuals they

created have been adopted by

almost 60 media outlets civil society

organizations and universities

and speaking of earthquakes in 2011

a triple disaster was initiated by a 9.0

quake

it sent a 45-foot tall tsunami crashing

into the eastern coast of japan

leading to 18 000 deaths and causing a

triple meltdown

of the fukushima daiyachi nuclear power

plant

instead of rushing to rebuild after town

had been completely destroyed

the residents of anagawa were able to

thoughtfully transform their experience

from a catastrophic disaster to a once

in a thousand year opportunity

through a series of small listening

circles the community decided to

radically change the physical structure

of the town

onogawa offers a glimpse into what it

looks like to not just rebuild the old

systems and structures that

weren’t working for people in the first

place but rather to do so with a greater

resilience

equity and humanity

now here we are in the middle of a

global pandemic

for the first time in a hundred years

pretty much everyone on the planet

is experiencing the same disaster at the

same time

and while the vast majority of us have

had our daily lives disrupted and

significant and

in many cases catastrophic ways there

has also been an incredible outpouring

of support for one another

across the globe people are safely

reaching out to their neighbors

offering connection and support it’s

become such a widespread trend

that the term mutual aid is increasingly

becoming mainstream

as local newspapers cnn and even teen

vogue are publishing about it

this is quite the sea change it’s hard

to believe that less than a year ago

we were publishing stories about people

who were getting arrested

for handing out free food it didn’t make

any sense before

but it’s almost impossible to fathom now

more than anything coven 19 has

reinforced the importance of our social

connections well

that and the life and death impact of

our political leaders

and for the people of puerto rico this

is all too familiar

back in 2017 mutual aid centers like the

one judith contributed to in kawas

spread all across the islands with 11

formal centers

and far more pop-up spaces emerging

shortly after the hurricane

in the vacuum left by the inadequate

response from the united states

government

and while it’s been over three years

since the recovery began

the centers continue to play a vital

role in supporting the resilience of

their communities

in the face of earthquakes hurricanes

and now the pandemic

organizers have continued their efforts

to build popular power

and are modeling what movement

generation refers to as permanently

organized communities

as we face the reality of an

increasingly chaotic climate

we must examine the situation through a

social economic and political lens

without intervention the contours of a

disaster’s impact and recovery

will inevitably exacerbate existing

inequalities

maybe the best technology we can deploy

in the wake of a disaster

might just be a kind of social

technology closely knit

organized and empowered communities that

are more resilient during catastrophes

and better able to demand the resources

they need

to not only survive those acute

disasters but to rebuild

on a more just and sustainable basis

perhaps these disastrous events can open

up a space that is normally closed off

a gap in which we can begin reclaiming

community agency and power

an opportunity to tell a different story

about who we are

and what gives our lives meaning and

purpose

thank you

you

2017 年 9 月 20 日清晨,

当玛丽亚飓风席卷波多黎各时,

朱迪思·罗德里格斯 (

judith

rodriguez) 吵醒了她厨房门从铰链上飞下来的

声音 在邻近城镇卡瓦斯

的社区厨房为一群志愿者提供餐点时,

她想支持这项工作,因此

她端起盘子来看看是否

可以使用,她

发现社区厨房已经

迅速演变成 成为中心

de apoyo 互助或

互助中心 为

其他几项基本服务提供开放的画布,包括

医疗支持

她发现了社区和

直接为救灾工作做出贡献的机会,

而不是感觉像受害者

朱迪思能够找到目标感

通过与他人的共同经历,

我很长时间以来一直对这样的故事感兴趣,

我在 sma 中长大 ll 社区大约有

200 人

,说起来感觉很奇怪,但我

对事情

出错时有美好

的回忆 他们的生活和任何人际

冲突,他们

为了一个共同的目标而共同努力。

当一个涵洞被堵塞

,我们的主要通道中间出现一个池塘

时,当小溪上升得如此之高以至于

冲毁了桥梁时,

或者当我的 邻居家烧毁了

地面,我们中的许多人

在山坡上奔跑,

扑灭了很可能

席卷整个社区的现场大火

大多数人只是在等待一个

合作的机会,

以便彼此出现,分享

他们拥有的东西,

哪怕只是片刻的时间来感受目的

e 在过去三年中,我

和 charible 的同事

有幸与记者团队合作,音频

制作人、

图形艺术家、电影制作人以及一些

组织

,通过我们的系列纪录片《响应》探索社区如何在灾难发生后建立

集体复原力

虽然我们在那段时间学到了很多东西,但在

艺术家 kane lynch 的帮助下,我会尽力将我们的发现总结为三点。

首先

气候变化领域的灾难具有

破坏性,令人恐惧,

并且在世界范围内呈上升趋势。

在那里打开包装,

所以我马上要回到这

一点,这些事件的大部分新闻报道都

在灾难色情的边缘摇摇欲坠,

重点关注

影响受害者的巨大破坏,

同时

在最坏的情况下庆祝一些象征性英雄 媒体经常延续

有害的陈规定型观念,

将满足其基本

生存需求的人描绘

成掠夺者并为法律做出贡献 警察和白人义务警员

对大多数有色人种进行法外处决的

证据 一个

令人作呕的例子发生

在新奥尔良卡特里娜飓风期间,

但在这两种情况下,例行报告都

低估了受影响社区本身的令人难以置信的

反应

以及导致自然灾害的现有结构性问题

首先成为灾难

被完全排除在第三个故事之外

,这里有一些好消息,

压倒性的证据

表明,尽管存在所有障碍,但往往是

生活在受灾

社区的人们

挺身而出拯救生命减少 受苦并形成

一个关怀社区

体验丽贝卡·索尔尼特 (rebecca solnit) 所说的

灾难集体主义

有人告诉我,我从不厌倦

给人们坏消息,所以

我们开始吧 气候变化的影响

已经被感受到

这不再只是未来的挑战

几代人将不得不

面对

它现在是我们的 根据联合国最近的

一份报告,

在过去 20 年中,发生了 7000 起

重大灾害事件,

造成 120 万人死亡,影响

超过 40 亿人,

并造成近 3 万亿

美元的全球经济

损失。

比前二十年翻了一番,

今年我们已经达到了有记录以来全球最热的

温度,

在加利福尼亚北部看到了超过 100 万英亩的第一场超级大火

,甚至在大西洋发生了一场僵尸风暴,

现在的问题是

气候将会有多糟糕 了解

它可以多快好转以及

我们将在此期间

做什么我不知道前两个

问题,但我已经看到了一些

事情可能只是飓风过后

最后一个问题的一些答案

桑迪在 2012 年

占领华尔街运动之后袭击了纽约市,

一个自治救援网络

在占领桑迪的旗帜下聚集在一起,它

成为

风暴过后最有效

的反应之一 一度膨胀到六万名

志愿者,这在很大程度上归功于他们的

非正式技术

他们能够与居民建立关系

,而居民反过来又

在他们自己的康复中发挥了关键作用

他们利用了众包的混合物

来自个人和

其他组织的货物

以及

主要在经济

边缘化的洛克威半岛重新分配政府援助,

作为该网络的一部分,特里贝内特

创建了响应和重建

,其中包括专门

为被淹房屋抽水和内脏,她投入了

大量时间 以及

与她帮助的人建立个人联系的精力

,这方面的一个很好的例子实际上是

从她

为退休警察和她的丈夫

抽出的地下室第一层,他们开着一辆黄色的大货车

停了下来,

在没有 几天内睡觉或洗澡或

换衣服

特里深情地讲述了她

在认识一段时间后与那个女人的一次交流

,她表示,

她对别人的看法

永远改变了,因为飓风

如果我能看到人们看起来像在暴风雨前一个月的话

你我不会给他们

指路的火车

但是在暴风雨之后的一个月我

给了你我家的钥匙

虽然桑迪的

反应规模令人难以置信

这是

他们工作的转型方面真的卡住了

2017 年与我一起发生 7.1

级地震,40 多座建筑物倒塌,

造成 350 多人死亡

,数千人受伤,墨西哥城及其周边

地区突然发生了如此多的破坏,很快就出现了

可以

理解的混乱和

混乱,

很明显有很多

社交媒体上散布的错误信息是

关于人们被困在哪里,

哪些地方需要救生

支持,

以及如何 大部分社区

组织者开始行动,并利用

大量志愿者

从现场收集信息,

以便

使用

基本的数字工具(如 whatsapp

组和

谷歌电子表格 verificato 19s)跟踪和验证需要支持

的地方。 政府机构开始向

他们寻求有关

他们应该去哪里的信息,而

这一倡议的遗产依赖于

他们创建的一套协议和手册,

已被

近 60 家媒体机构民间社会

组织和大学

采用 灾难是由一场 9.0 级地震引发的,

它引发了一场 45 英尺高的海啸

袭击日本东海岸,

导致 18 000 人死亡,并导致

福岛第一屋地核电站三重熔毁,

而不是在城镇被完全摧毁后急于重建

anagawa 的居民能够

深思熟虑地改变他们的体验

通过一系列小型聆听

圈,从一场灾难性的灾难到千载难逢的机会社区决定

从根本上改变小野川镇的物理

结构,

让我们一窥

不只是重建旧

系统和结构的样子 这

首先不是为人们工作,

而是以更大的

弹性

公平和人性化的方式这样做

在同一时间发生同样的灾难

,虽然我们中的绝大多数

人的日常生活被打乱了

,而且

在许多情况下是灾难性的,但

在全球范围内,人们正在安全地

向他们伸出援手。 邻居

提供联系和支持已经

成为一种普遍的趋势

,以至于互助一词越来越

成为主流

当地报纸 cnn 甚至 teen

vogue 都在发表关于它的报道

这是一个巨大的变化

很难相信,不到一年前,

我们正在发表关于人们

因分发免费食物而被捕

的故事 以前有感觉,

但现在几乎不可能理解第

19 次公约比任何事情都更好地

加强了我们社会关系的重要性,

以及

我们的政治领导人

和波多黎各人民的生死影响,这

在 2017 年相互熟悉 像

朱迪思在卡瓦斯贡献的一个援助中心

遍布整个岛屿,有 11 个

正式中心

和更多的弹出空间

在飓风过后不久出现

,由于美国政府反应不充分而造成的真空

,而它已经超过三个

自恢复开始多年以来,

这些中心继续

在支持

社区面对地球的复原力方面发挥着至关重要的作用 地震飓风

和现在大流行

组织者继续

努力建立民众力量,

并正在塑造运动

一代所指的永久

有组织的社区

当我们面对日益混乱的气候的现实时,

我们必须通过

社会经济和政治

视角审视局势 干预

灾难影响和恢复的轮廓

将不可避免地加剧现有的

不平等

也许我们可以在灾难发生后部署的最佳技术

可能只是一种社会

技术

,将有组织和赋权的社区紧密结合在一起,

在灾难期间更具弹性,能力更强

要求

他们不仅要在那些严重的灾难中幸存下来,

还要

在更加公正和可持续的基础上重建所需

的资源 机会告诉不同的

关于我们是谁

以及什么赋予我们的生活意义和

目的的故事

谢谢你