Why We Are So Tired All The Time

so there’s a talk i was going to give

before the calvin 19 lockdown there’s a

talk i’d like to give which is an

epic tale of change and hope and there’s

a talk i think i need to give which is

very specific to this time and place we

find ourselves in now

so let me start telling you this is not

a zoom background these are real trees

this is a real sky

and i’m in a real place somewhere called

abbey fields in colchester in essex and

i’ll tell you a little bit more

later why i chose to be here because

it’s an important part of what i want to

share with you

today so about nine months ago i was

invited to take part in

ted x colchester and i was very excited

by that i’d spent

10 years doing research into how the

world was changing and why the world was

changing

research took me all the way around the

world and i i presented it into a book

and particularly about what we could do

as human beings to thrive in this

emerging new world that we find

ourselves in and that’s kind of why i

was invited to talk at the event and i

was

i was excited about that and then of

course covered 19 came along

the event was meant to be in april 2020

and understandably and quite rightly

it was cancelled and then about a month

ago the organizers came back to me and

said

why don’t we actually do them online why

don’t we record the talks we were going

to give and we can present them in a

different way and i was i was excited

about that and i

started to prepare and i started to

practice now i’ve done a lot of speaking

in my time and i

i found that um that this new thing i

was trying to do was

was kind of difficult i found it

difficult to concentrate

and particularly i began to realize how

tired i was

as i started to confront that i realized

it wasn’t particularly about preparing

for giving a talk just how generally

tired and exhausted i was finding myself

i was kind of hacking through every day

and i started to talk to my friends and

they were kind of reporting the same

thing and very quickly i realized just

collectively we’re exhausted

i started to wonder about that then i

took my first major trip

you know i’m down here in essex and i’m

from yorkshire up north so i hired a car

and i

drove up there and i found the whole

thing kind of overwhelming and difficult

and

at first i thought well it’s just

because i haven’t done it for a while

but really when i thought about it i

thought i shouldn’t be

this tired so that’s really what i want

to talk to you about today which is

why are we so tired all the time more

crucially what can we do about it

and so it goes back to some of the

research i was doing into

neuroscience and how our brains work and

if you look at the history of

neuroscience it goes right back to stone

age man

stone age man performed this procedure

which called was called treponation

people that must have been experiencing

some kind of mental illness they would

punch a hole

in their skull using a piece of flint

which seems pretty crude by today’s

standards but

if you look at fossil remains it looks

like a number of those people

lived for quite a long period of time

after that which suggests it might have

been

successful but it wasn’t until about

2500 years ago that we really started to

get into it

and a greek philosopher called

hippocrates came along and his

suggestion

which today doesn’t seem that radical

was that we did our thinking

in our brain before that we’d assume

that the thinking went on in our bodies

which is

kind of interesting because that is

coming around again now that we’ve

actually started to understand a little

bit about how the body works the

new new kind of research is suggesting

that we do

thinking in our brain but also there is

stuff going on in our body too which

points to

unconscious kind of activity which which

is crucial i think to what i want to

talk to

about you today so that’s the way we

thought and for the next

two and a half thousand years the

assumption from man was that we had this

brain

and in the brain thinking happened the

victorians particularly got very

interested in this and they started to

take dead bodies and take them apart and

pull out the brain

and cut them up and put them in for more

formaldehyde and

if you go to any victorian medical

museum you’ll probably see a brain

in a jar but in the 1970s we started to

see things a bit differently

digital electronics had come along we

were able to kind of look at brain

activity and electrical activity in the

brain on a far more

granular level and what neuroscientists

began to realize that was that the brain

wasn’t this fixed object

it was changing and is reconfiguring

itself all the time

something you get got called

neuroplasticity

and the phrase that emerged during that

time was that neurons that

fire together wire together

so in other words as we started to think

about things and we started to take

action

about what we were thinking about those

neurons began to kind of form

bundles and we began to realize that’s

kind of how

habits formed at the same time

though some research that was done in

the university of california pointed to

something

very interesting which even today most

of us haven’t really kind of got our

heads around

what scientists in the university of

california in san francisco did was they

started to

try and record the time lag between when

we had a thought to do something

and when we actually did it and what

they found

was quite disturbing what they found in

the majority of cases

was that the neuron that fires to do

something happens before we think about

it now that’s one of those things you

just need to think about a bit because

using our brain our brain his brain’s

work what

so in other words the neurons of fire

for an action happen before

our thought now what this pointed to is

that

our idea of free will and our idea that

we’re actually doing things consciously

isn’t actually correct it was so radical

that for about 20 years it kind of got

put on the edge of science but again in

2007

scientists in the max planck institute

in in germany

did a similar but more detailed

experiment and categorically proved this

to be the fact so what this is pointing

to

and why it’s crucial to why we’re tired

all the time is an awful lot of what we

do is unconscious

an awful lot what we do is habitual and

that’s the crucial thing that i realized

what’s happened over the last few months

is all our habits

all our unconscious processes that we’ve

developed over years and years over the

course of our life

have been disrupted so if you look at

what happened to me i had my work and i

used to get on a train and i’d drive

different places i’d get up in the

morning and i’d

i’d uh quite often have a ritual where i

would go outside

i’d do yoga classes i’d do other classes

there’s different places i went

i had a whole series of things i i did

that suddenly

i couldn’t do no wonder i’m so tired

because what i’m now having to do is be

conscious of everything i’m doing

85 to 90 of what i was doing beforehand

was a series of habits that i was just

triggering and suddenly i’m having to

think about things

now that was hard enough into lockdown

but at least i was in the constraints of

my house and at least the rules were

quite

kind of clear but now as we’ve moved out

of the lockdown

where the rules are a lot more open to

interpretation suddenly the world seems

like a really dangerous place

so my trip up north is a really good

example and once upon

a time i would have got in the car and i

would have driven and i would have been

listening to the radio and

when i drove into a service station even

though i was conscious of what i was

driving

there’s a lot of things i didn’t need to

think about i would get out

i would get the petrol pump out i’d put

it in the car i wouldn’t actually be

having to think much about that i’d walk

into the filling station

i’d join the queue i’d pay but suddenly

the world seems dangerous and i’m having

to think about it should i do this

and should i touch this and should i do

this i’m having to think

think think all the time so what’s

happened to most of us

is suddenly we’ve moved from a period

where 18 90

of what we’re doing is habitual we’re

not having to think about it to

pretty much everything we’re having to

do having to think all the time

and negotiate we’re not triggering those

patterns

so we’re actually fighting against the

wiring in our brain

this explains why a number of people i

think have wanted to rush back suddenly

to go to

mcdonald’s or coffee shops i was really

surprised when the lockdown

ended around the corner from where i am

there’s a drive through

costa and there’s this huge long queue

and i’m like why would people drive

and queue for like hours to get a paper

cup of coffee or tea

something they probably have learned to

make at home which they can’t go into

the cafe to

sit in a car park or in the back of the

car why is that

and it’s a pull to the familiar it was a

pull to the habitual

so what we’re having to do is broker all

the time which is why we’re so tired

so what’s the solution to this well it’s

three things

and it’s why i’ve decided to do this

outside you know

we spend a lot of time in our rooms in

our office particularly if you’ve kept

working

you know on zoom at your desk the first

thing is to do is to go outside

get outside get into the great outdoors

and allow your brain to expand allow

yourself to be in places that are safe

and feel safe because only when you’re

in a safe places you can let your guard

down you’re not having to worry all the

time

the second thing is to give yourself a

break i mean give yourself a break

emotionally but quite literally give

yourself a break

one of the things we’ve tried to do is

we’ve tried to port what we’re doing

beforehand

into this new paradigm we find ourselves

in we’re trying to run hour-long

meetings that we used to run

as an hour-long meeting online and

that’s just dumb we need to give

ourselves more time

we need to give ourselves more space we

need to be more concentrated

in what we’re doing we need to recognize

how difficult it is

but the reason i chair about this

because the big opportunity here

is we were in a world that a lot of us

realized was working in a way that we

weren’t very happy about

a lot of us saw this as an opportunity

for change

and what’s happened is all our habits

have been broken

now there’s a pull to go back to how

things were i keep hearing now we need

to get

back we need to get back we need to get

back but the great opportunity now is we

can create new habits because breaking

habits is the hardest thing

it’s why it’s so difficult to lose

weight to get fit to stop smoking to

change your diet whatever it is

we’ve broken those habits so if we

really do want to create a world that

works in a different way a world that

we’re

happy to be in collectively and

individual

individually we have the opportunity to

create new habits

and that’s an idea i think is worth

sharing

所以我要

在 calvin 19 封锁之前发表一次

演讲 我想发表一次演讲,这是一个

关于变革和希望的史诗般的故事,

我认为我需要发表一次非常具体的演讲

我们现在所处的地方

所以让我开始告诉你这

不是放大背景 这些是真实的树木

这是真实的

天空 我

在埃塞克斯郡科尔切斯特的一个叫做修道院场的真实地方

我会告诉你

稍后我为什么选择来这里,因为

这是我今天想与你们分享的重要部分,

所以大约九个月前,我被

邀请参加

ted x colchester,我对我花了很长时间感到非常兴奋

10 年研究

世界如何变化以及世界为何

变化

研究带我走遍

世界各地,并将其写成一本书

,特别是关于我们作为人类可以做些什么

来在这个

新兴的新世界中茁壮成长 我们发现

自己身处其中 这就是为什么我

被邀请在活动中发言的原因,

我对此感到很兴奋,然后

当然涵盖了 19

次活动,该活动原定于 2020 年 4 月举行

,可以理解,也很正确,

它被取消了,然后大约一个月

前 组织者回过头来对我

说,

为什么我们不实际在网上进行,为什么

不记录我们将

要进行的演讲,我们可以以

不同的方式展示它们,我对此感到很

兴奋,我

开始了 准备,我

现在开始练习

,我在这段时间里做了很多演讲,我

发现嗯,我想做的这个新事情

有点困难,我发现

很难集中注意力

,特别是我开始意识到

当我开始面对时,我有多累,我意识到

这并不是专门

为演讲做准备,

我发现自己通常有多累和筋疲力尽,

我每天都在苦苦挣扎

,我开始和我的朋友聊天

他们是 k 我没有报告同样的

事情,很快我就

意识到我们已经筋疲力尽了,

我开始怀疑,然后我

开始了我的第一次重大旅行,

你知道我在埃塞克斯,我

来自约克郡北部,所以我雇了 一辆车

,我

开车到那里,我发现整个

事情有点压倒性和困难

,起初我认为这只是

因为我有一段时间没有这样做,

但当我想到它时,我

认为我不应该这样做

这很累,所以这就是我

今天想和你谈谈的,这就是

为什么我们总是这么累,更

关键的是我们能做些什么

,所以它可以追溯到

我在

神经科学方面所做的一些研究,以及我们如何 大脑的工作,

如果你看一下神经科学的历史,

它可以追溯到

石器时代的人 唱一块燧石

,按照今天的标准,这似乎很粗糙,

如果你看化石遗骸,

看起来那些人中的一些人在那之后

生活了相当长的一段

时间,这表明它可能已经

成功,但直到 大约

2500 年前,我们真正开始

涉足它

,一位名叫希波克拉底的希腊哲学家

出现了,他的

建议

在今天似乎并不激进

是我们在大脑中进行思考之前,我们会

假设思考已经发生 在我们的身体中

这很有趣,因为

现在我们

已经开始了解

一些关于身体如何运作的

新研究

表明我们确实

在大脑中思考,但也在那里

是我们身体里正在发生的事情,它

指向

无意识的活动,

这对于我今天想

谈论的

关于你的事情至关重要,所以这就是我们的

想法和接下来的想法

两千年前

,人类的假设是我们有这个

大脑

,在大脑中发生了思考,

维多利亚人

对此特别感兴趣,他们开始

把尸体拿走,把它们拆开,

拔出大脑

,把它们切开 把它们放进去以获得更多的

甲醛,

如果你去任何维多利亚时代的医学

博物馆,你可能会

在罐子里看到一个大脑,但在 1970 年代,我们开始

看到一些不同的东西,

随着数字电子产品的出现,

我们能够看到 在更精细的层面上

的大脑活动和大脑中的电活动,

神经科学家

开始意识到,

大脑不是这个固定的物体,

它一直在变化,并且一直在重新配置

自己,

这就是所谓的

神经可塑性

和 在那段时间出现的短语是

一起发射的神经元连接

在一起,换句话说,当

我们开始思考事情并开始采取

行动时

关于我们在想什么,这些

神经元开始形成

束,我们开始意识到这就是

习惯如何同时形成的,

尽管在

加利福尼亚大学进行的一些研究指出了

一些

非常有趣的东西,即使在今天,

大多数 我们还没有真正

了解旧金山加利福尼亚大学的科学家们

所做的是他们

开始

尝试记录从

我们想到要

做某事到我们实际做某事之间的时间间隔以及他们所做的事情

发现

是相当令人不安的,他们

在大多数情况

下发现的是,激发做某事的神经元

在我们现在考虑之前就发生了

,这是你

只需要考虑一下的事情之一,因为

使用我们的大脑我们的大脑他的大脑的

工作

换句话说,动作的火神经元

发生在

我们的思想之前,现在这指向的是

我们对自由意志的想法和

我们是真实的想法 有意识地做事

实际上并不正确,它是如此激进

,以至于在大约 20 年的时间里,它有点被

置于科学的边缘,但在

2007 年,

德国马克斯普朗克研究所的科学家再次

进行了类似但更详细的

实验,并且断然 事实证明

这是事实,所以这意味着什么

以及为什么我们总是感到疲倦至关重要,

这是我们

所做的很多事情都是无意识

的,我们所做的很多事情都是习惯性的,

这就是我认为的关键 意识到

过去几个月发生的事情

是我们所有的习惯

我们在生命过程中多年来形成的所有无意识过程

都被打乱了,所以如果你

看看发生在我身上的事情,我有我的工作,我

用过 上火车,我会开车去

不同的地方,我会在

早上起床,

我会经常有一个仪式,我

会去外面

我会做瑜伽课我会做其他课程

我去过不同的地方

我有一个完整的 我突然做的一系列事情

我不能做 难怪我这么累,

因为我现在要做的是

意识到我正在做的每件事

85 到 90 我之前做的

是一系列 我刚刚

触发的习惯,突然间我不得不

考虑

现在已经很难进入封锁的事情,

但至少我在我家的限制中

,至少规则

很明确,但现在我们已经

摆脱了封锁

,规则变得更加开放,

突然之间,世界

似乎是一个非常危险的地方,

所以我的北上之旅就是一个很好的

例子,

从前我会坐上车,我

会 开车,我会一直在

听收音机,

当我开车进入加油站时,

即使我意识到自己在

开车,

有很多事情我不需要

考虑我会下车,

我会得到汽油 抽出来我会把

它放在车里我实际上不会

不得不考虑很多我会

走进加油站

我会加入队列我会付钱但

突然世界似乎很危险我

不得不考虑我是否应该这样做

以及我应该触摸这个并且 我应该这样做吗

?我不得不一直

思考思考,所以

发生在我们大多数人身上的事情

是突然间我们已经离开了一个

我们正在做的事情是习惯性的时期,我们

不必去思考

几乎所有我们必须

做的事情都必须一直思考

和协商,我们不会触发这些

模式,

所以我们实际上是在与大脑中的线路作斗争,

这解释了为什么我认为有很多人

想要 突然

赶回去去

麦当劳或咖啡店,

当封锁

在我所在的拐角处结束时

,我感到非常惊讶

纸杯咖啡或

茶 他们可能已经

学会在家里做的东西,他们不能

去咖啡馆

坐在停车场或汽车后座,

为什么会这样

,这对熟悉的人来说是一种

拉力,对习惯来说是一种拉力,

所以什么 我们不得不一直做

经纪人,这就是为什么我们这么累

所以解决这个问题的方法是什么,这是

三件事

,这就是为什么我决定在外面做这件事

你知道

我们花了很多时间在我们的

我们办公室的房间,特别是如果你一直在

工作,

你知道在你的办公桌上放大你的第一

件事就是

到户外去户外

,让你的大脑扩张,

让自己在安全的地方

并感到安全,因为只有

在安全的地方,您才能放松

警惕,您不必一直

担心第二件事

是让自己休息

一下

我们试图做的一件事就是

我们试图 将我们事先正在做的事情移植

到这个新的范式中,我们发现自己

正在尝试召开长达一小时的

会议,而我们过去常常在

网上开一小时的会议,

这很愚蠢,我们需要给

自己更多的时间

为了给自己更多的空间,我们

需要更加专注

于我们正在做的事情,我们需要认识到

这有多么困难,

但我主持这个的

原因是因为这里的巨大机会

是我们身处一个我们很多人意识到的世界

以一种我们不太满意的方式工作 我们

的很多人认为这是一个改变的机会

,发生的事情是我们所有的习惯

都被打破了,

现在有一种动力回到

我一直听到的事情现在我们需要

回来,我们需要回来,我们需要

回来,但现在的好机会是我们

可以创造新的习惯,因为改掉

习惯是最难的事情,

这就是为什么减肥变得健康如此困难

戒烟

改变饮食的原因 是

我们已经 打破这些习惯,所以如果我们

真的想创造

一个以不同方式运作的世界,一个

我们

乐于集体和

个人的世界,我们就有机会

创造新的习惯

,我认为这是一个值得分享的想法