How Making Choices Can Change Your Life

Transcriber: Hao Dong
Reviewer: Maria Pericleous

Have you ever wondered

what the odds are

that you’re sitting right
where you are right now,

meanwhile, listening to this TED talk?

But not only that,

what are the chances that you are
precisely the person you are right now

with all your experiences,

all the people you know

and all the things you own?

If you do not totally
understand what I mean,

think about these questions.

Would you be exactly
the same person you are right now,

if you would have decided
to drop out of school after 10th grade

and move to Africa to work
with an NGO building wells?

Or would you know all the people
you know right now,

if you had decided to study
in another city, for example.

Or would you look
exactly the same way, right now,

if you had decided to put on
a different T-shirt this morning?

I don’t think so.

There is nearly an infinite amount
of different possibilities

of how your life could have
turned out so far.

And to make it even clearer
how many possibilities there really are,

I want to have you think
about this simple example.

If you had been able to make
one single decision

since your 16th birthday per day,

then you would already have
way over eight unique scenarios

after just one week.

After one month, you would already
have over 30 different scenarios.

And after one year,

you would already have
over 350 different scenarios.

The thing is, this example
is even hopelessly understated.

In fact, we do not only make
one single decision every day

but dozens of them.

It starts when you wake up.

Do you choose to hit the snooze button
or do you stand up right away?

The next decision comes right ahead.

Do you choose to scroll through your feed
for ten minutes and waste your time,

or do you choose to do a morning routine
that truly benefits you?

The same way, small and big decisions
are threaded throughout your day.

You see, my previous example
shouldn’t be labeled with days,

but rather with hours or even minutes.

I think you’re starting to understand
where I’m going with this.

If you think about it,

you would always have chosen
the most optimal option

for all the couple of years before,

then you would obviously be the best
possible version of yourself today.

I’m afraid, though,

that no one can really say
with full confidence

that they’ve always acted optimally,

and that’s totally fine.

If you picture all the possible scenarios
that you could have achieved so far

with your life-improving decisions
pointing upwards

and your life rather worsening decisions
pointing downwards,

where do you think you are
at this very moment?

What percentage of your potential
have you fulfilled so far?

I think most people will say
that they are at around 60 to 70 percent.

It’s not perfect, but two out of three
decisions are totally on point,

and every third decision
could have been done

a little bit better.

What I want to achieve with today’s talk

is to light the fire
in each and every one of you

to always thrive for making
the best decisions

for yourselves from now on.

You cannot turn back the past,

but you can make sure

that when you think about
this TED talk again in two years,

you can say, well, the last two years
were a really good streak,

I did significantly more
to improve my life

than in the two years before that.

Right now, there are about
infinite possibilities open to you.

One possibility could be
that you start your own startup

that is already worth
over ten million dollars

by the end of next month.

Of course, this scenario to happen
requires making a lot of right decisions,

but it’s definitely within
the realm of possibility.

Another scenario would be
that you, let’s say,

lose four pounds by the end of next month.

Again, this scenario is totally
within the realm of possibility

and probably way more likely
than the last one.

You see, you can achieve nearly anything

and all you have to do is set the course,

which scenario will happen
with your daily choices.

Now, there are two types of choices.

The first type of choices
are choices for goals,

where it’s not totally clear
what choices are the right ones

in order to achieve that goal.

These are usually goals,
but also luck plays a minor role.

For example, with our previous example

with a startup that is worth
over 10 million dollars

by the end of next month,

it’s not that obvious
which choices are the right ones

in order to achieve that goal.

I mean, one right decision

could be that you enroll
in a coding boot camp today

and then next week you meet up
with some brilliant Harvard students,

and then you get
one of the ideas programmed,

maybe you will have a startup
that is worth 10 million dollars

But it’s not obvious,

and I don’t even want to get into
those choices right now.

What I want to get into

are the second types of choices
we make all day long.

These are the choices where
it’s pretty obvious to all of us,

at least after a couple of minutes
of thought, what the right choice is.

For example, our other example,

with losing four pounds
within a week or within a month,

it’s pretty clear what we have to do.

We need to exercise more

and we need to eat more healthy food,

and overall probably
less calories than we burn.

So, when we have to decide whether
we take the stairs or the elevator,

it’s clear that we have
to take the stairs.

If we decide between eating
a burger or a salad,

it’s pretty obvious that we eat the salad.

It’s that simple.

And the same principle applies
to numerous other daily choices.

We should be kind to those around us.

We shouldn’t directly speak
what pops into our head,

but be aware of the consequences first.

We shouldn’t waste too much time
in meaningless activities

like binge watching and so on.

Just imagine,

that for the past couple of years,

you would have always
chosen the right option,

when deciding between this and that.

How great would your life be?

How much could you have improved yourself?

However, even in such apparent positions

where it’s pretty clear
which choices are the right ones,

we often tend

to go for the one that will lead us
to a worse me in the future,

instead of the one that will lead us
to a better me in the future.

This is mostly because oftentimes,
unfortunately, the worst option

is the one that is simply
more comfortable for us.

Evolutionists drilled into us that
we think that we survive the longest

if we always choose the path
of least resistance

and don’t waste any energy unnecessarily,

and as Neanderthals that made total sense.

I mean, it was much smarter

to order a calorie dense burger
from a fast food chain

instead of going for a hunt
and be probably killed by a mammoth.

Today, however,

we probably will not be killed
if we resist our urge

to go for the comfortable option

that is associated
with the most dopamine release,

but instead focus on the option

that will lead us
to a better me in the future.

We just have to force
ourselves to do that.

So how can we do that?

The first thing I would recommend
to each and every one of you

is to recall this picture
as often as possible.

It’s best to hang it over your bed
so you can have a look at it

in the morning when you wake up
and in the evening before you go to sleep.

And always remember, every day counts.

Every decision counts.

If you waste one day

by choosing the wrong option
instead of the right option,

you cannot reach your optimal potential

in the future.

Another thing I would recommend

to each and every one of you
is to keep yourself accountable.

That means, for example,

start filling an Excel sheet
with all the daily choices

and To Dos you have to do,
in order to achieve your goals.

For example, not hitting the snooze button

doing a good morning routine,

meditating, working out,
being kind to other people,

And then every evening
you go through your Excel

and you make a checkmark beside
every To Do you fulfilled.

By doing that constantly,
you build up more and more momentum

and at the same time
you would be frustrated

if you haven’t done your checks.

And the thing is,

those kind of choices are far more common
than the other kind of choices.

Those are the choices
we make all day long.

And by systematically trying

to put in more and more
of your daily choices

into that Excel sheet, and in the evening

always trying to check all the sheets,

you will improve yourself significantly.

By doing that, you will
already have achieved

the best result for 80 to 90 percent
of your overall decisions.

The remaining few decisions where
there is no default, correct option.

These are the choices that distinguish
the best from the very best.

And here I cannot tell you
what the right choices are,

because it always depends
on individual factors.

What tip I would like to give you
for those kind of choices

is that you always have to think about

which option will help you fulfill more
of your type two choices.

For example, when you think about buying

a brand new Mercedes or a used Toyota,

and you don’t have that much money,

it makes far more sense
to go with a Toyota,

because with all the money
you will have left,

you can make sure that you, for example,
fulfill your healthy nutrition goals,

and have enough money
for buying good quality food, for example.

But it’s also totally fine
to make the wrong decisions sometimes,

because, after all,
if you do it consciously,

this is what makes life
also so worth living

because it’s unplannable and interesting.

Finally, I just want you to make
more conscious decisions,

more right decisions, and that you
don’t waste too much of your time

with meaningless, unconscious decisions.

Thank you.

(Applause)

抄写员:郝东
审稿人:Maria Pericleous

你有没有想过

你现在坐在

原地听这个 TED 演讲的几率有多大?

但不仅如此

,你有多少机会
成为现在的

你,拥有你所有的经历、

你认识的

所有人和你拥有的所有东西?

如果您不完全
理解我的意思,请

考虑这些问题。

如果您

决定在十年级后辍学

并搬到非洲
与非政府组织一起建造水井,您会和现在完全一样吗?

或者,例如

如果您决定
在另一个城市学习,您会认识所有您现在认识的人。

或者

如果你今天早上决定穿
一件不同的 T 恤,你现在看起来会不会是一模一样?

我不这么认为。 到目前为止,你的生活可能会变成什么样子,

几乎有无数
种不同的可能性

为了更清楚地
说明到底有多少种可能性,

我想让你
想想这个简单的例子。

如果你

从 16 岁生日开始每天都能做出一个决定,

那么仅仅一周后你就已经
有超过八个独特的场景了

一个月后,您
已经拥有 30 多种不同的场景。

一年后,

您将拥有
超过 350 种不同的场景。

问题是,这个
例子甚至被低估了。

事实上,我们每天不仅会做出一个决定,而且会做出

数十个决定。

它在你醒来时开始。

你选择按下贪睡按钮
还是立即站起来?

下一个决定就在眼前。

你选择滚动浏览你的
提要十分钟并浪费你的时间,

还是选择做一个
真正有益于你的早晨例行公事?

以同样的方式,小决定和大决定
会贯穿您的一天。

你看,我之前的例子
不应该用天来标记,

而应该用小时甚至分钟来标记。

我想你开始明白
我要去哪里了。

如果你仔细想想,

你总是会
在几年前选择最优化的选项

那么今天你显然会成为
最好的自己。

不过,我

担心没有人能真正
充满信心地

说他们总是表现得最佳

,这完全没问题。

如果你想象一下
到目前为止你本可以实现的所有可能的场景,你

的生活改善决定
指向上方,

而你的生活更糟糕的决定
指向下方,

你认为
此刻你在哪里?

到目前为止,你实现了多少百分比的潜力?

我想大多数人会
说他们在 60% 到 70% 左右。

这并不完美,但三分之二的
决定完全正确

,每三个决定
都可以

做得更好一点。

我今天的演讲想要达到的目的


点燃你们每个人的火焰,

从现在开始为自己做出最好的决定而茁壮成长。

你不能回头,

但你可以

确保当你
在两年后再次想起这个 TED 演讲时,

你可以说,嗯,过去两年
是一个非常好的连续性,


为改善我的生活所做的远远

多于 在那之前的两年里。

现在,有
无限的可能性向你敞开。

一种可能性是
,你开始自己的创业公司

,到下个月底已经价值
超过 1000 万

美元。

当然,发生这种情况
需要做出很多正确的决定,

但这绝对是在
可能的范围内。

另一种情况是
,比方说,

到下个月底你会减掉 4 磅。

同样,这种情况完全
在可能性范围内,

并且可能比上一种情况更有可能

您会看到,您几乎可以实现任何目标

,您所要做的就是设定路线

,您的日常选择会发生哪种情况。

现在,有两种选择。

第一类
选择是目标选择,

其中不完全清楚
哪些选择

是实现该目标的正确选择。

这些通常是目标,
但运气也起着次要作用。

例如,在我们之前的例子

中,一家到下月底价值
超过 1000 万美元的初创公司

,为了实现这一目标,哪些选择是正确的并不那么明显。

我的意思是,一个正确的决定

可能是你
今天参加一个编程训练营

,然后下周你
会见一些优秀的哈佛学生,

然后你得到
一个编程的想法,

也许你会拥有
一家价值 10 美元的创业公司 百万美元

但这并不明显

,我现在什至不想做出
这些选择。

我想

谈的是
我们整天做出的第二种选择。

这些选择
对我们所有人来说都很明显,

至少经过几分钟
的思考,正确的选择是什么。

例如,我们的另一个例子,

在一周或一个月内减掉四磅,

很清楚我们必须做什么。

我们需要多运动

,我们需要吃更多健康的食物

,总体而言,
卡路里可能比我们燃烧的要少。

所以,当我们必须决定是
走楼梯还是电梯时,

很明显我们
必须走楼梯。

如果我们决定
吃汉堡还是沙拉,

很明显我们吃的是沙拉。

就这么简单。

同样的原则也适用
于许多其他日常选择。

我们应该善待身边的人。

我们不应该直接说出
我们脑海中蹦出的东西,

而要先意识到后果。

我们不应该把太多的时间浪费
在一些无意义的活动上,

比如暴饮暴食等等。

试想一下

,在过去的几年里,

当你

在这个和那个之间做出决定时,你总是会选择正确的选择。

你的生活会有多美好?

你能提高自己多少?

然而,即使在如此明显的位置

上,
哪些选择是正确的选择很明显,

我们往往

倾向于选择一个会导致我们
在未来变得更糟的我,

而不是那个会导致
我们成为更好的我的人 将来。

这主要是因为
不幸的是,最糟糕的选择

往往是
对我们来说更舒服的选择。

进化论者向我们灌输,
我们认为

如果我们总是选择
阻力最小的路径

并且不浪费任何不必要的能量,那么我们的生存时间最长,

而且作为尼安德特人,这是完全有道理的。

我的意思是,从快餐连锁店

订购一个卡路里含量高的汉堡

去打猎
并可能被猛犸象杀死要聪明得多。

然而,今天,

如果我们抵制

去寻求

与最多多巴胺释放相关的舒适选择的冲动,我们可能不会被杀死,

而是专注于未来

将引导
我们成为更好的自己的选择。

我们只需要强迫
自己这样做。

那么我们该怎么做呢?

我要向你们每个人推荐的第一件事

就是尽可能多地回忆起这张照片

最好把它挂在床上,
这样你就可以

在早上醒来
时和晚上睡觉前看看它。

永远记住,每一天都很重要。

每个决定都很重要。

如果你浪费了一天的时间

,选择了错误的选项
而不是正确的选项,

那么你将无法在未来发挥最佳潜力

我要向你们每个人推荐的另一件事

是对自己负责。

这意味着,例如,

开始在 Excel 表中填写
所有日常选择

和您必须做的待办事项,
以实现您的目标。

例如,不要按小睡按钮

做一个早安的例行公事、

冥想、锻炼
、善待他人

,然后每天晚上
你都会查看你的 Excel,

并在
你完成的每个待办事项旁边打勾。

通过不断地这样做,
您会积累越来越多的动力

,同时

如果您没有完成检查,您会感到沮丧。

问题是,

这些选择
比其他类型的选择要普遍得多。

这些是
我们整天做出的选择。

通过系统地

尝试将越来越多
的日常选择

放入 Excel 表格中,并在晚上

总是尝试检查所有表格,

您将显着提高自己。

通过这样做,您
已经

为 80% 到 90%
的整体决策取得了最佳结果。

剩下的几个决定
没有默认的、正确的选项。

这些是
区分最佳与最佳的选择。

在这里我不能告诉你
什么是正确的选择,

因为它总是
取决于个人因素。

对于这些选择,我想给您的
建议

是,您始终必须考虑

哪个选项将帮助您实现更多
的第二类选择。

例如,当您考虑

购买全新的梅赛德斯或二手丰田,

而您没有那么多钱时,

选择丰田更有意义,

因为
您将剩下的所有钱都

可以 例如,确保
您实现健康的营养目标,

并有足够的钱
购买优质食品。


有时做出错误的决定也完全没问题,

因为毕竟,
如果你有意识地这样做,

这就是让生活变得
如此值得生活的

原因,因为它是不可计划的和有趣的。

最后,我只是希望你做出
更多有意识的决定,

更正确的决定,并且
不要

在无意义的、无意识的决定上浪费太多时间。

谢谢你。

(掌声)