Citizen science One person can make a global difference

[Music]

have you ever found yourself chest deep

in swamp water

with the snapping turtles cottonmouths

and alligators swimming past you

what about spending your free time

catching bugs with a plastic spoon

no just me we’ll get to that story

but first i’d better do some explaining

it

all starts with citizen science

according to national geographic citizen

science is the practice of public

participation and collaboration

in scientific research to increase

scientific knowledge

volunteers members of the general public

collect

and analyze data relating to the natural

world

the list of ways volunteers can

contribute is pretty extensive

it could be a group of bird watchers

whose sightings are used to track

migratory patterns

or it could be people who count insects

as part of a pollinator conservation

effort this method of collaboration

allows scientists to obtain a large

amount of data

in a scope that would otherwise be

impossible due to time

geographic or resource constraints

my first experience with citizen science

was back in elementary school

when my family decided to get involved

with georgia adopt a stream

a volunteer program that monitors water

quality

clearly i was not too excited about

getting wet

the type of monitoring we chose to learn

was called macroinvertebrate monitoring

which uses the abundance and diversity

of tiny organisms like bugs and larvae

to indicate the overall health of the

stream

we quickly learned that this involves

collecting water samples

and then using a plastic spoon to find

and catch the macroinvertebrates

which is actually very difficult because

they are quite fast

we monitored the health of our creek for

years after that

and our data collected by us in our

backyard

was used by the georgia department of

natural resources

to help inform water policy decisions

for the entire state

action is critical right now because the

condition of our environment is

deteriorating

in the past year alone wildfires have

become more frequent

from the years 2000 to 2018 wildfires

burned more than twice the land area per

year

than in the 15 years prior and according

to the national

oceanic and atmospheric administration

hurricanes are increasing in frequency

and intensity

due to rising temperatures and sea

levels

scientists cannot tackle these issues

alone

each of us as individuals can have an

impact on our own community

and then if every community around the

world participates

it can have a compounding effect and

ultimately

a global impact for example

observations and data related to plants

and animals

gathered by nearly 2 million citizen

science volunteers on the site nature’s

notebook

have contributed to 17 different

peer-reviewed scientific publications

citizen science creates a bi-directional

flow of knowledge

in which we help inform researchers so

that they can help inform us

citizen science also has the capacity to

resolve environmental justice issues

and empower communities to make change

these benefits can be seen through the

case of love canal

new york love canal

was a bustling working-class community

with hundreds of houses and a school

unbeknownst to the residents the

neighborhood was built

directly on top of 21 000 tons of toxic

industrial waste

that was placed there in the 1940s and

50s by a local chemical company

in 1978 a record amount of rainfall

disturbed the ground and the corroding

drum containers of toxic waste

broke through the ground right into

people’s backyards

trees and gardens turned black and died

children returned from playing with

burns on their hands and faces

and later studies found that there were

abnormally high levels

of birth defects miscarriages and

cancers in this community

this type of environmental injustice is

actually not uncommon

in working class communities but citizen

science can empower communities to take

charge

and use their collective power to make

change

in love canal a resident by the name of

lois gibbs

led a group of residents in the love

canal homeowners association

and organized a series of protests

rallies and other methods of community

organizing

to pressure authorities to take

appropriate action

these measures worked and president

jimmy carter in an unprecedented act

used federal emergency funds to move the

residents and begin to clean the site

lois gibbs and the other love canal

residents were practicing an early form

of citizen science

where they noticed environmental

abnormalities in their community

and reported them this is a prime

example of

our half of the bi-directional flow of

knowledge and how citizen science can

level the playing field when it comes to

issues of environmental injustice

if this situation had occurred in the

present day and they had access to all

of the modern citizen science tools

they could have taken direct

measurements of the pollutants in their

water and soil as soon as they suspected

a problem

then all of the protests and rallies and

media stunts to get authorities to come

in and test would have been

unnecessary and appropriate action could

have been taken sooner

like lois gibbs did we all have the

ability to take action to make

environmental changes in our own

communities

and sometimes that means being chest

deep in swamp water

here i am with my mentor for my senior

project where i spent a year at a local

nature park back home in augusta

with snapping turtles in the cotton

mouth and the alligators

counting bugs to monitor water quality

and reporting my data to georgia adopt a

stream

in this past semester i was an intern

with the upper oconee watershed network

right here in athens

and the results for my testing were

given to georgia adopt a stream

to add to the statewide picture of the

health of our waterways

my experiences with citizen science set

me on a path towards my current academic

and career goals in the environmental

field

but the beauty about citizen science is

that anyone can participate

even you whatever your motivation

background or interest is everyone can

gain something from engaging in this

type of activity

and don’t worry you don’t have to get

chest deep in swamp water to participate

some great places to start your journey

with citizen science

are bird watching with nest watch

amphibian counting with frog watch usa

or stream monitoring with georgia adopt

a stream

and you can find even more options at

citizenscience.gov

you too can be a scientist and

contribute to the protection of the

environment

take a step outside global change starts

right in your backyard

thank you

you

[音乐]

你有没有发现自己胸口深陷

在沼泽水中

,鳄龟

和短吻鳄从

你身边游过

呢 最好做一些解释

一切都从公民科学开始

根据国家地理公民

科学是公众

参与和

合作科学研究以增加

科学知识的实践

公众志愿者

收集

和分析与自然世界有关的数据

方法列表 志愿者可以

贡献的范围非常广泛

,可能是一群观鸟者,

他们的目击记录被用来追踪

迁徙模式

,也可能是人们将昆虫计数

为传粉媒介保护

工作的一部分,这种合作方法

使科学家能够获得

大量数据

在一个由于时间地理或资源而不可能的范围内

rce 限制

我第一次接触公民科学

是在小学时,

当时我的家人决定

参与佐治亚州 采用溪流

一个志愿者计划,

清楚地监测水质 我对弄湿并不太兴奋

我们选择学习的监测类型

是 称为大型无脊椎动物监测

,它利用

昆虫和幼虫等微小生物的丰富性和多样性

来指示河流的整体健康状况,

我们很快了解到这涉及

收集水样

,然后用塑料勺子寻找

和捕捉大型无脊椎动物

,这实际上非常困难 因为

它们的速度非常快

,所以在那之后的几年里,我们一直在监测我们小溪的健康状况,

我们在后院收集的数据

被乔治亚州

自然资源部

用来帮助

为整个州的水政策决策提供信息,这

一点现在至关重要,因为

过去 y 我们的环境状况正在恶化

从 2000 年到 2018 年,单耳野火变得更加频繁,野火

每年烧毁的陆地面积

是 15 年前的两倍多,

根据美国国家

海洋和大气管理局的数据,由于气温升高和气候变暖,

飓风的频率和强度正在增加

海平面

科学家无法单独解决这些问题

,因为个人可以

对我们自己的社区产生影响

,然后如果世界各地的每个社区都

参与其中,

它可以产生复合效应并

最终

产生全球影响,例如

与植物和相关的观察和数据

近 200 万公民

科学志愿者在网站 Nature’s notebook 上收集的动物

为 17 种不同的

同行评审科学出版物

做出了贡献

有能力

解决环境问题 解决问题

并授权社区做出改变

这些好处可以从

纽约爱运河的案例中看出 爱运河

是一个繁华的工人阶级社区,

拥有数百间房屋和一所

居民不知道的学校 该

社区

直接建在 21 1978 年,

当地一家化学公司

在 1940 年代

和 50 年代放置了 000

有毒工业废物 黑人和死去的

孩子从

手和脸上烧伤回来

,后来的研究发现,这个社区

的出生缺陷流产和

癌症的比例异常高,

这种环境不公正

实际上

在工人阶级社区并不少见,但公民

科学可以 授权社区负责

并利用他们的集体力量

洛伊斯·吉布斯 (lois gibbs) 的居民在洛伊斯·吉布斯 (lois gibbs)

带领一群居民参加了洛伊斯

运河房主协会,

并组织了一系列抗议

集会和其他社区组织方式,

以迫使当局采取

适当行动

这些措施奏效了,总统

吉米·卡特 在一项史无前例的行动中,

使用联邦紧急资金转移

居民并开始清理工地

lois gibbs 和其他爱运河

居民正在实践早期形式

的公民科学

,他们注意到

社区中的环境异常

并报告了他们,这是一个典型的

例子

我们一半的双向

知识流动以及公民科学如何

在环境不公正问题上公平竞争,

如果这种情况发生在

当今,并且他们可以使用他们所有

的现代公民科学

工具 可以直接

测量其

水和土壤中的污染物 一旦他们怀疑

有问题,

那么所有的抗议、集会和

媒体噱头让当局

进来并进行测试都是

不必要的,并且

像 lois gibbs 一样,我们可以尽快采取适当的行动,我们都有

能力采取行动吗?

我们自己社区的环境变化

,有时这意味着

在沼泽水中深陷

其中 我和我的导师一起完成我的高级

项目,在那里我在奥古斯塔家乡的当地自然公园度过了一年,

棉花嘴里有鳄龟

和短吻鳄

计数错误以监测水质

并向格鲁吉亚报告我的数据

在过去的一个学期中,我是雅典

上奥科尼流域网络的实习生,

我的测试结果已

提供给格鲁吉亚 采用

河流添加到 全州范围

内的水道健康状况

我在公民科学方面的经历使

我走上了实现我目前

在美国的学术和职业目标的道路 环境

领域,

但公民科学的美妙之处在于

无论您的动机

背景或兴趣是

什么,任何人

都可以

参与其中 参加

一些伟大的地方,开始您

的公民科学之旅,

有鸟类观察和鸟巢观察

两栖动物计数和青蛙观察美国

或乔治亚州的溪流监测 采用溪流

,您可以在citizenscience.gov 找到更多选择

您也可以成为一名科学家和

为保护环境做出贡献

迈出一步 全球变化

从你的后院开始

谢谢你