Democratizing Science Of the people For the people By the people

[Music]

i grew up

on an independent little rock in the

middle of the irish sea called the isle

of man

where open was just our way of life

and everyone knew everyone else’s

business

especially my parents a plumber and a

hairdresser

who taught me that whether you’re fixing

someone’s hair or their toilet

working with the best tools and people

can solve all

of our problems in high school

i was fascinated by science but i found

it cold

and dispassionate it’s language

intimidating

i sometimes still do and yet i’m a

neuroscientist

in my early twenties i worked on skid

row

in la and came face to face for the

first

time with homeless vietnam vets and

addicted moms

about my own age and i absorbed the pain

of mental illness staring right back at

me

i decided right then that understanding

how life changes our brains

could help us understand each other

better

maybe help us tackle society’s growing

mental health

challenges and make this world

a kinda healthier place to be

so i headed off to graduate school got

my brain scientist credentials

professored my way through a pretty

exciting research career

and write at its peak stepped off

neuroscience’s front line

to commit myself to democratizing

science

why because science

is not working the way that we need it

to

science is still painfully out of reach

to most people

and scientific ignorance gets amplified

daily throughout social media

manipulating and eroding public trust in

science with every single

misinformed tweet

ignoring science cost us over a million

lives

this year but i get how this happens

science can inspire great hope but it is

elitist and many of its fields

including neuroscience are complex

and siloed and riddled with failures to

reproduce high-profile findings

why should the public trust us when

scientists

are busy competing with each other or

putting data that cost millions of

public dollars to fund

into inaccessible silos

the good news is that most scientists

do want more open collaboration

and culture change but the ecosystem

that can help make that happen

open science is only just being built

i stepped off my career treadmill to

help my community team up

and share what we know break open our

protected silos and invite in experts

from other fields

to help us change the way that science

gets done

thankfully i found out i was not alone

and together we have grown

the open science movement developing

ways

to look under the hood at each other’s

data and find ways to share

our ideas tools and software

but if we are really going to change

science

and make it impactful we have to reach

down from our ivory towers

and include those who will be the most

impacted by it

you and that is citizen science

some of the most inspirational

neuroscience insight i ever received

hasn’t come from people with md’s or

phds

but from people in the real world

savvy wise 80-year-old ladies in

long-term care facilities

pregnant recovering drug addicts in

women’s prisons

and baltimore daycare moms fighting the

government for the vital food programs

that could sustain their children’s

growing brains

imagine how public trust in science

could change

if those citizens engage in the science

that they care the most about

and then maybe benefit from it

but can science really be advanced by

people

with no formal training in it

in 2015 i joined an obama

white house think tank brainstorming

upcoming challenges in their big data

initiatives including

the brain initiative i was invited back

shortly after to present on how citizen

engagement a true passion of our science

geek of a former president

could transform both science and

experiential

education i came back with a plan

and zoran popovich the university of

washington center for game science and i

got busy building a global neuroscience

lab

online there are 8

billion people on this planet and we are

as similar and yet

different as the 80 billion neurons that

sit inside

each of our heads in our game mozack

you get to become part of a global

village carefully tracing

images of the brain’s neurons providing

stunning reconstructions that

neuroscientists can use

thus far thousands of people from 184

countries

including the isle of man have

participated in mosaic

carefully reconstructing the brain

one neuron at a time providing

vital data that developers need

to be able to take single cells

and reconstruct them into a 3d brain map

for understanding us in mozack

team gamers and retirees work together

on the same team

they feel inspired to learn and

say that they feel empowered

to be at the frontier of science doing

things that really matter

it turns out there are many frontiers of

scientific discovery

that are now available to anyone with an

internet

and seattle is becoming a bit of a

global hub for this

foldit a game out of david baker’s

institute for protein design at the

university of washington

has now been played by over half a

million people worldwide

including my own daughter when she was

in high school

folded gamers are challenged to figure

out how proteins fold

in different environments why is this

important

well coproteins on the surface of fatal

viruses

are the keys that they use to lock in

and attack our bodies

so far folded gamers have solved

co-protein structures for hiv

ebola and now covid19

their strategies will help us to design

new therapeutic locks

that could save many of our lives in the

next pandemic

or perhaps stop misfolded proteins

from gradually destroying our brains in

devastating diseases like parkinson’s

alzheimer’s or als across south lake

union

sage bionetworks one of the world’s

leading open science organizations

run dream challenges these are

competitions

some with monetary rewards that anybody

can sign on to do

to solve patent-finding missions

in human disease data so far

sages dream teams have identified unique

early disease biomarkers

that could help diagnosis and treatment

of bone damage

cardiovascular disease cancer

alzheimer’s parkinson’s and now

covid19 this might be a bit of a

surprise

but getting some traditional scientists

to accept

that regular folk with no formal

training could contribute to

understanding

their precious data has been a bit of a

hard sell

but some of us knew that it was a risk

worth taking

and that it had to stop from within it

is not

that much fun being dismissed belittled

or having your sanity questioned by some

of your more traditional colleagues

but nevertheless we persisted and have

grown a global diverse discovery force

of uber drivers retirees teachers

comedians lawyers and yes

even hairdressers and plumbers who can

hop on a screen

anywhere in the world help us take on

big data

and win one of these

is carmen mandel an argentinian amateur

photographer

who has used her artistic eye to produce

vital data

for nasa’s globe program this

is a program where nasa recruits people

of

all ages and types across the world to

come in and work with their top

scientists

to develop new models to combat climate

change

nasa also reached out this year to this

planet’s citizens

to see if they could help them design a

future when we might have to live

on another one they just completed

a luna lou challenge

publicly sourcing designs for how we

might

one day sustainably poop on the moon

i’m fairly sure that my dad the

highly competitive air force vet plumber

who loved space

and never had the chance to be an

astronaut would have been

all over this one

in the last five years open and citizen

science

worldwide have assembled an amazing team

that has now converged to create a sweet

spot

where our new scientific democracy takes

off

this is where i live it is where experts

and enthusiasts work together

on open data this year

we underwent a major teen growth spurt

driving unprecedented global

collaboration

in scientific discovery when we were all

challenged

with a common enemy covid

  1. 3d printer designs

openly shared rapidly produced

masks ventilator parts

facial shields in the parts of the world

where they were most desperately needed

when international data become open

viral dna sequence hot of the pipeline

in china

and early health data out of south

korean hospitals

can be modeled anywhere producing new

viral assays and tracing techniques

and also warning signs for us to protect

the viruses most vulnerable victims

worldwide diversity is critical

in this i’m currently working with

two people-powered projects on youth

mental health

and dementia where different cultural

perspectives will be essential

because people with different

backgrounds see patterns

in different ways and can then make

sense of them

for their own community ambitious

brain projects across the world are now

filling our data banks with

exabytes of data using technologies

where we can now

visualize thoughts and emotions racing

through our human brain connectome

producing

glorious colors as we learn

age or become infected with a virus

each color change is a signature

of how life is influencing our brain

giving us our unique brain fingerprint

each color change could also hold clues

as to whether

we might succumb to mental illness but

we can’t just pop these images in an

algorithm

and get it to spit out magical answers

telling us how we’re doing

for that we need to know the questions

to ask

we need your insight and tech at the

table

scientists just can’t do this alone

ai holds incredible potential

for changing our future but still cannot

match the power of the incredible

pattern spot in human mind

i don’t need a computer program to tell

me which of these

i would rather eat than cuddle

artificial intelligence needs human

insight ideas and innovation

to put that eye into ai

seeing and understanding patterns in 4d

is our super power something my hyper 13

year old can do better than a

supercomputer

you and your mind will be needed

to help shape the artificial

intelligence of the future

and to help keep it humane culturally

inclusive

and ethical we are at an incredible

moment in history

covet 19 might have isolated us at home

but open and citizen science have

created a new scientific democracy

where diverse minds anywhere can hop

online

and work with others in the world to

begin to solve the problems

of our future

the internet is your magical portal

into a people-powered global revolution

to accelerate scientific discovery where

you get to work along sciences leaders

and help carve paths of understanding

through our opening

silos of data

in this science democracy

we all get to share our experience as we

collaborate to make discoveries

that could cure diseases hold back

climate change

discover or explore new planets help

turn brain data into understanding

mental health

enhance our own mental health while

we’re doing it

transform online education and make

science

that we can all trust and believe in

you are the final piece of the jigsaw in

science’s new universe

whether you are an immigrant

undergraduate student developer writing

open software at mit

or a precocious plumber’s daughter on an

island in the middle of the irish sea

thank you

[音乐]

在爱尔兰海中央的一块独立的小岩石上长大,

叫做马恩

岛,

这里开放是我们的生活方式

,每个人都知道其他人的事,

尤其是我的父母是水管工和

理发师

,他们教会我无论 你正在用最好的工具修理

某人的头发或他们的厕所

,人们

可以解决

我们在高中的所有问题

我对科学很着迷,但我发现

冷酷无情 它的语言

令人生畏

二十出头的神经科学家,我在洛杉矶的滑行队工作,

一次与无家可归的越南兽医和与

我年龄相仿的上瘾妈妈面对面,我吸收

了盯着我看的精神疾病的痛苦

我当时就决定

了解生活如何改变我们的大脑

可以帮助我们更好地了解彼此,

或许可以帮助我们应对社会日益严重的

心理健康

挑战,让这个

世界变得更健康 王牌,

所以我前往研究生院获得了

我的大脑科学家证书,

通过一个非常令人兴奋的研究生涯教授我的方式,

并在其巅峰时期写作走出

神经科学的前线

,致力于使科学民主化

为什么因为

科学没有像我们一样运作

科学的需要对大多数人来说仍然是痛苦的遥不可及

,科学无知在

整个社交媒体中每天都在被放大,

操纵和削弱公众对

科学的信任,每一条无视科学的

误导性推文今年

使我们失去了超过一百万人的

生命

,但我知道这是怎么发生的

科学可以激发伟大的希望,但它是

精英主义的,

包括神经科学在内的许多领域都是复杂

而孤立的,并且充斥着无法

重现高调发现的问题,

科学家

们忙于相互竞争或

投入数百万美元的数据时,为什么公众应该信任我们 将

公共资金

投入难以接近的

孤岛 好消息是 m ost 科学家

确实想要更开放的合作

和文化变革,但

有助于实现这一目标的生态系统

开放科学才刚刚建立

起来

来自其他领域

的专家帮助我们改变完成科学的方式

谢天谢地,我发现我并不孤单

,我们一起发展

了开放科学运动,开发

了在幕后查看彼此

数据并找到分享

我们想法的方法 工具和软件,

但如果我们真的要改变

科学

并使其具有影响力,我们必须

从我们的象牙塔中伸出援手

,包括那些将

受其影响最大的

人,这就是公民科学,

一些最鼓舞人心的

神经科学洞察力我 曾经收到

的不是来自拥有医学博士或

博士学位的

人,而是来自现实世界中

精明的 80 岁

长期护理机构中的

精明女士 南特正在女子监狱中康复的吸毒者

和巴尔的摩日托妈妈们与

政府争夺

可以维持孩子

成长大脑的重要食品计划

想象一下,

如果这些公民从事

他们最关心的科学

,然后也许 从中受益,

没有接受过正规培训的人真的可以推动科学发展

吗? 2015 年,我加入了一个奥巴马

白宫智囊团,集思广益

,讨论他们的大数据计划中即将面临的挑战,

包括大脑计划,不久后我被邀请回来

介绍如何进行公民

参与

一位前总统的科学怪人的真正热情

可以改变科学和

体验式

教育 我带着一个计划回来了

,佐兰波波维奇

华盛顿大学游戏科学中心,

我忙着建立一个全球神经科学

在线实验室有 80

亿 这个星球上的人和我们

一样,但又不

一样 800 亿个神经元

位于我们每个人的大脑中,在我们的游戏 mozack 中,

您将成为地球

村的一部分,仔细追踪

大脑神经元的图像,提供

令人惊叹的重建,

神经科学家可以使用

迄今为止来自 184 个国家的数千人,

包括小岛 人类

参与了马赛克,一次

小心地重建

一个神经元,提供

开发人员需要的重要数据,

以便能够获取单个细胞

并将它们重建成 3D 脑图,

以了解我们在 mozack

团队中的游戏玩家和退休人员

在同一个团队中一起工作

他们感到受到启发去学习并

说他们感到有

能力站在科学的前沿做

真正重要的

事情事实证明现在有许多

科学发现的前沿

可供任何拥有互联网的人使用

,西雅图正变得有点

这个

foldit 的全球中心是大卫贝克

大学蛋白质设计研究所的一个游戏

华盛顿现在已经被全世界超过 50 万人玩了,

包括我自己的女儿,当时她还在

上高中。 到目前为止,他们用来锁定

和攻击我们的身体

折叠游戏玩家已经解决

了艾滋病

病毒埃博拉病毒和现在 covid19

的共蛋白结构,他们的策略将帮助我们设计

新的治疗锁

,可以在下一次大流行中挽救我们的许多生命,

或者可能停止 错误折叠的蛋白质会

逐渐破坏我们的大脑,导致

帕金森氏症

或阿尔茨海默氏症等毁灭性疾病在南湖

联盟

圣人

生物网络世界领先的开放科学组织之一

进行梦想挑战这些

比赛

有些有金钱奖励,任何人

都可以报名参加

以解决专利问题

迄今为止,在人类疾病数据中寻找任务

圣人梦之队已经确定 ed 独特的

早期疾病生物标志物

,可以帮助诊断和

治疗骨损伤

心血管疾病癌症

阿尔茨海默氏症帕金森氏症和现在的

covid19 这可能有点

令人惊讶,

但让一些传统科学家

接受没有正式

培训的普通人可能有助于

了解

他们的宝贵 数据

有点难推销,

但我们中的一些人知道这是一个

值得冒

的风险,并且必须从内部停止

它并不是

那么有趣被贬低

或被一些更传统的同事质疑你的理智

但尽管如此,我们坚持并

发展了一支全球多元化的发现

力量,其中包括超级司机退休教师

喜剧演员律师,是的,

甚至可以在世界任何地方跳上屏幕的美发师和水管工

帮助我们处理

大数据

并赢得其中之一

是卡门曼德尔 阿根廷业余

摄影师

,她用她的艺术眼光

为美国宇航局的 glo 提供重要数据 be program 这

是一项计划,美国宇航局

在世界各地招募所有年龄和类型的

人,并与他们的顶尖

科学家

合作开发新的模型来应对气候

变化 美国国家

航空航天局今年还与

地球上的公民联系

,看看他们是否可以 帮助他们设计

未来,当我们可能不得不住

在另一个地方时,他们刚刚完成

了月球楼挑战

公开采购设计,以了解我们

有朝一日如何可持续地在月球上大便

我很确定我父亲是

竞争激烈的空军兽医水管工

谁热爱太空

却从来没有机会成为一名

宇航员

这就是我住的地方 这是专家

和爱好者在开放数据方面一起工作的地方

今年

我们经历了一次重大的青少年增长突增,

推动了前所未有的全球发展

当我们都

面临共同的敌人 covid

19 的挑战时,在科学发现方面的合作。 3d 打印机设计

公开分享了快速生产的

口罩 呼吸机

零件 面罩 在国际数据公开时

最迫切需要它们的地方

病毒 dna 序列热门 中国的管道

和韩国医院的早期健康数据

可以在任何地方进行建模,产生新的

病毒检测和追踪技术

,同时也为我们保护全球

最脆弱的受害者的病毒提供警告信号,

多样性

在这方面至关重要,我目前正在与

两家公司合作 以人为本的青年

心理健康

和痴呆症项目,其中不同的文化

观点至关重要,

因为具有不同

背景的人

以不同的方式看待模式,然后可以

为自己的社区理解它们

在世界各地雄心勃勃的大脑项目现在正在

填满我们的数据库

使用技术 w 处理 EB 级数据

在这里,我们现在

可以想象思想和情绪

在我们的人类大脑连接组中

奔跑,随着我们

年龄的增长或感染病毒而产生绚丽的色彩,

每一种颜色的变化都是

生命如何影响我们大脑的标志,

给我们独特的大脑指纹,

每一种颜色的变化都可以 也有

关于

我们是否会死于精神疾病的线索,但

我们不能只是在算法中弹出这些图像

并让它吐出神奇的答案,

告诉我们我们是如何做到

的,我们需要知道

要问

我们的问题 需要你的洞察力和技术

科学家们无法单独做到这一点

人工智能拥有

改变我们未来的巨大潜力,但仍然无法

人类脑海中令人难以置信的模式点的力量相提并论

我不需要计算机程序来告诉

我哪个 其中

我宁愿吃东西也不愿拥抱

人工智能需要人类

洞察力的想法和创新

才能将眼睛放入人工智能中

看到和理解 4d 模式

是我们的超级 p 让我 13

岁的超人做的事情比超级计算机做得更好,

你和你的头脑将

需要帮助塑造

未来的人工智能,

并帮助保持它在文化上的

包容性

和道德性我们正处于历史上一个令人难以置信的

时刻,

渴望 19 可能 将我们孤立在家里,

但开放和公民科学

创造了一个新的科学民主

,任何地方的不同思想都可以上网

并与世界上的其他人一起

开始

解决我们未来

的问题互联网是您

进入以人为本的神奇门户

加速科学发现的全球革命,

您可以与科学领导者一起工作,

通过我们

在这个科学民主国家中开放的数据孤岛帮助开辟理解路径,

我们都可以分享我们的经验,因为我们

合作

发现可以治愈疾病的发现阻碍了

气候 改变

发现或探索新行星有助于

将大脑数据转化为理解

心理健康

增强你 r 自己的心理健康,同时

我们正在

改变在线教育,创造

我们都可以信任和相信的

科学

无论你是

在麻省理工学院编写开放软件的移民本科生开发人员

还是在科学新世界中拼图的最后一块 一个早熟的水管工的女儿在爱尔兰海中的一个

小岛上

谢谢你