Fostering Dialogue in Our Divided Nation

[Music]

i believe

in a limited government i believe the

government has a responsibility to

protect consumers

i believe in a flat tax rate i believe

in progressive taxation

i believe that there are two genders i

believe that there are many genders

and that we should all be allowed to

define ourselves

i remember being asked to give a ted

talk i was excited

like really excited everyone so i was

asked if i would give the talk with

another girl who had a similar topic to

mine

i was immediately gay keep in mind at

this point

we had never met before on that first

introductory zoom call my first

impression of ella was that she was kind

and well spoken

though i knew it was going to be likely

that we disagreed on politics

i was a little bit more judgmental i

remember on that first zoom call

i was trying to size zena up before she

even opened her mouth i looked at her

hair

her clothes what she had on her and the

american flag in her background

and honestly i was just a little bit

doubtful because she didn’t look like

someone with whom i could agree

but that was the intention they informed

us that they wanted to make this talk

not only advice on how to solve this

issue

but an example of it now i won’t pretend

that dina and i have totally come

together on every issue

and honestly i won’t even pretend that i

would vote for her in an election

but i like and respect dina as a person

we’ve been able to come together with a

common goal of urging you to do the same

there’s no doubt in the united states

there are different opinions and beliefs

oftentimes these are held really really

closely alas when they are challenged

this can lead to hostility arguments and

just blatant disrespect

we have all experienced this at some

point or another tina and i have been in

similar environments for most of high

school

leslie in schools where the student body

is made up mostly of upper middle to

upper class students

and we’ve had very different experiences

in this environment

for example i attend an academically

rigorous public school

which is pretty much the exact

stereotype of a rich school

in terms of cultural racial or economic

diversity

well suffice it to say it’s not exactly

our strong point

despite that however we do have a good

mix of political beliefs

and that’s greatly benefited me because

it’s taught me that i don’t have to

agree with everyone

in order to get along with them and to

work together and i believe that i’m in

the vast majority of students in saying

that my political beliefs have

generally been respected at school since

8th grade i have attended an

academically rigorous private school

very similar in culture and student body

to that of ella’s

upon entering high school i began

exploring different political thoughts

and ideas

and while i don’t really like political

labels i would consider my views to fall

generally under the umbrella of

libertarian conservative

when i made this ideological shift

something strange happened

people more or less stopped talking to

me i was socially ostracized

now this could just be because people

thought of me as being one of the weird

kids

and in all honestly honesty that’s

probably very true

but the sad reality of the situation is

that i’ve talked to other current

students and alumni who have beliefs

that are just kind of different than the

norm

and they tell me that while at this

school they were or are scared to share

their views because of the heavy social

ramifications

but political hatred is not just on an

individual basis

in 2017 a pew research poll found that

81 percent of americans

view the other political party quote

very unfavorably

and that same poll found that one half

of republicans

in two-thirds of democrats have quote

few or no friends than the other

political party

and that’s a big part of the problem

there’s absolutely hate and hostility

towards people on the other side of the

aisle

the right hates the left left hates the

right libertarians are often

who knows what but either way we see

this hate

manifest everywhere in our current

climate on social media the news or just

in casual conversation

there’s an acute with us or against this

attitude

and in the case that you’re against us

then you’re portrayed more or less as

the devil reincarnate

we have all heard before why this is

important the country is dividing along

ideological lines

and things like civility decency or just

a respect

of a common humanity is being lost so if

this issue is so perverse that it

endangers the very existence of our

country

why are we so incapable of considering a

compromise if it’s so huge

that it is wearing away at the soul of

our democracy why are we so incapable of

stopping

taking a breath and addressing the

problem there are a lot of reasons for

this

and the two of us don’t even agree on

that for example

many commenters such as ezra klein

blamed simple human nature

in the youth of our species humans were

hunted and thus our instincts told us

that exclusion from the group

meant death the problem is we don’t know

how to turn off that instinct

so no matter what a member of our

political party does we’re inclined to

exclude it because not doing so puts us

in direct conflict

with members of our group in this case

our friends family and co-workers

or maybe it’s because many of us are

likely to exclude those who would have

agreed with on the basis of presumed

political party alone

history has shown time and time again

that not being familiar with a group

makes it far easier to villainize the

other or maybe it’s because

of the geographic distances between

liberals and conservatives

which starts a cycle where one person

says a belief and they’re vilified for

their whole community

and it just goes round and round with

everyone hating each other

my theory on this topic looks slightly

different examining the american social

landscape over the past 100 years i see

religious institutions as being the

backbone of our social fabric

whether this be a church mosque

synagogue or temple these organizations

have been home to strong communities

with a common belief

oftentimes within these institutions

there are differing political ideas

yet the common ideology holds the group

together

over the past 20 years we have seen the

rate of religiosity in church or just

other religious institution attendance

plummet at this same time as ella

mentioned

people still crave to be part of a group

what i suspect is that we have turned to

political parties as a replacement

so how do we fix the societal tension we

propose having conversations

a buddy of mine and i teach a class at

our synagogues religious school

dedicated to teaching kids about chikun

alum which is a concept in judaism that

means repairing the world

around the time the election we taught a

lesson on how to have conversations with

people you disagree with

the framework we created while targeted

towards kids is applicable for

all ages our theory breaks down into

five things to practice to have a good

and meaningful conversation the first is

being

respectful now this seems super simple

to most people

yet in reality it is the reason why so

many seemingly innocent conversations

turn to yelling matches being respectful

means just

acknowledging that the other person has

their own thoughts and feelings

and while you may disagree with them on

something or

everything it is important to treat them

as another human being

not an enemy after that comes empathy

practicing empathy in conversation means

just acknowledging that the other person

has maybe had different life experiences

that have led them to their conclusions

then

there is reason now reason is something

that is trampled over these

days yet it is one of the most important

things in having an actually

quality discourse using reason means

trying to be

logical avoiding logical fallacies

character jobs and instead

trying to make a well-formed argument

and at the same time

trying to understand theirs to

understand another’s argument

it is vital to use the next tool

listening

listening is something that is

absolutely preached to us when we are

younger

yet it seems that once we get older we

forget just how important it is

through listening you can truly

understand another’s point of view

and you avoid just jumping to conclusion

based on preconceived notions about

their perspective

lastly is grace grace manifests itself

in a couple ways in a conversation

the first is realizing that you may not

always be right

and that it’s okay to change your

perspective the other facet of this

is being okay with disagreement

now this can be really challenging

especially on those topics which you

know you’re right about but it is

absolutely essential

but it’s not just having conversations

with others that is important

where to combat political hatred in our

everyday lives we have to hear the

source

to our own subconscious thoughts we have

to have conversations with ourselves

now i know that sounds a little insane

but stick with me here

most of us don’t look at someone we

perceive to be part of the other

political party

and think well they look like a

republican

i’m not going to talk to them more

accurately we look at someone

look at their clothes their hair what

they have on them make subconscious

calculations

pink hair plus nyc t-shirt

plus our portfolio equals democrat

equals communist equals crazy

so we choose not to interact with that

person and

long-sleeve shirt plus cross necklace

plus long jean skirt equals republican

equals homophobic

crazy so we choose not to interact with

that person

but really we don’t know anything about

them maybe they are a member of the

other political party

maybe that just really doesn’t mean that

much to them maybe it does

but maybe it just wouldn’t have been an

issue between the two of you and maybe

you’ll find that you’re able to work on

important projects together

like writing a ten talk for example so

it asks you to take a moment when you

automatically count someone out

and consider your own thought process

here’s a method i’ve learned through the

trials of anxiety

firstly pause and allow yourself to

think through your own thought process

unhindered by outside influences

secondly

really think through that process ask

yourself

questions like why did i think this

about them was it something in their

appearance

or do i really need to feel

uncomfortable around them

and asking yourself these questions it’s

important to be completely honest with

yourself

it’s just for you and no one else will

hear it so it’s okay if you’re

disappointed in the answers

and finally let yourself be imperfect

more than likely you’ve had a time where

you’ve been

guilty of political hatred and that’s

okay what’s important is checking

yourself

learning from it and trying to move past

it and if you’re doing that

then you’re on the right path like we

mentioned before ella and i

did not know each other before doing

this talk and we were more or less

forced to work together

but throughout the process of writing

this talk we realized that we are

very very similar people even if we

disagree on essentially every single

political issue imaginable

it is possible and it is important to be

able to look

past your political disagreements and

see the other person as just that

another person and

through the process of writing this talk

we learned that there are way more

important things to disagree and argue

on

for example ella for some reason doesn’t

like carrots

and you guys are not going to believe

this but dina somehow thinks that star

trek

is better than star wars ella’s opinions

on this issue make me a little

uncomfortable to stand

and regardless of our friendship gina’s

views on gender

on gender identity are something that i

strongly disagree with

and i disagree with ella on government

involvement but

we both have a common love of sam gmg

the hobbit

lord of the rings ultimately you don’t

have to agree on the big things you

don’t even have to agree on the little

things

and he won’t be friends with everyone

but we can’t continue to hate each other

like this

because if we don’t communicate then we

can’t solve the issues that we all want

to

see resolved we hope that you’ll walk

away from this talk

willing to evaluate your thoughts and

actions towards others and we hope

that that will lead you to understand

others a little bit more

all right are we doing a social distance

high five

[音乐]

相信有限的政府 我相信

政府有责任

保护消费者

我相信统一税率 我

相信累进税

我相信有两种性别 我

相信有很多性别

,我们都应该 被允许

定义自己

我记得被要求做一个 ted

演讲

我很兴奋,每个人都非常兴奋 所以有人

问我是否愿意和

另一个和我有相似话题的女孩做这个演讲

我立刻是同性恋 请记住

这一点

在第一次介绍性变焦电话上我们以前从未见过的一点

对 ella 的第一印象是她很善良而且口齿伶俐,

尽管我知道我们很可能

在政治上存在分歧

我对此有点判断力我

记得 第一次变焦电话

我什至在她张开嘴之前就试图放大zena

我看着她的

头发

她的衣服她身上的东西和

她背景中的美国国旗

老实说我是ju 有点

怀疑,因为她看起来不像

我可以同意的人,

但这是他们告诉我们的意图

,他们想让这次谈话

不仅就如何解决这个问题提出建议

,而且现在我赢了

不要假装迪娜和我

在每一个问题上都完全走到一起

,老实说,我什至不会假装我

会在选举中投票给她,

但我喜欢并尊重迪娜,因为

我们能够与一个人走到一起

敦促你做同样

的事情的共同目标 毫无疑问,在美国

有不同的观点和信念,这些观点和信念

通常非常

紧密 在某些

时候,蒂娜和我在

大多数高中莱斯利的学校里都处于相似的环境中,

学生

群体

主要由中上层到

上层的学生组成

,我们有很大的不同

例如,我就读于一所学术

严谨的公立学校

就文化种族或经济

多样性而言,这几乎是一

所富有学校的

刻板印象

政治信仰的完美结合

,这让我受益匪浅,因为

它告诉我,我不必

同意每个

人才能与他们相处并

一起工作,而且我相信我

在绝大多数学生中

说我的政治信仰

8 年级开始在学校

得到普遍

尊重 我真的很喜欢政治

标签,当我生气时,我会认为我的观点

通常属于自由主义保守派的保护伞

这种意识形态转变

发生了一些奇怪的事情,

人们或多或少地不再和我说话了,

我现在被社会排斥

了,这可能只是因为人们

认为我是一个奇怪的

孩子

,老实说,这

可能是真的,

但可悲的现实是 情况是

,我与其他现在的

学生和校友交谈过,他们的信仰与正常人的

信仰有些不同

,他们告诉我,在这

所学校时,由于严重的社会影响,他们曾经或害怕分享

自己的观点

但政治仇恨不仅仅

基于个人

,2017 年皮尤研究中心的一项民意调查发现,

81% 的

美国人非常不赞成其他政党的引述

,同一项民意调查发现,三分之二的民主党人中有一半

的共和党人

很少引用或 没有比另一个

政党的朋友

,这是问题的很大一部分,

对另一方的人绝对有仇恨和敌意

过道 右派 左派 左派 憎恨

右派 自由主义者通常

谁知道呢,但无论哪种方式,我们都可以看到

这种仇恨

在我们当前

的社交媒体环境中

无处不在 如果你反对我们,

那么你或多或少被描绘

成魔鬼转世,

我们之前都听说过为什么这很

重要这个国家正在按照

意识形态划分

,比如文明体面,或者只是

对共同人性的尊重 正在迷失,所以如果

这个问题如此反常,以至于

危及我们国家的生存,

为什么我们无法考虑

妥协

喘口气并解决这个

问题有很多原因

,我们两个甚至不同意

这一点,例如

许多评论者,如 ezra klein

b 跛脚简单的人性

在我们物种的青年时期人类被

猎杀,因此我们的直觉告诉我们

,被排除在群体之外

意味着死亡问题是我们不知道

如何关闭这种本能,

所以无论我们政党的成员是什么

我们是否倾向于

排除它,因为不这样做会使我们

与我们的团队成员在这种情况下与

我们的朋友家人和同事发生直接冲突,

或者可能是因为我们中的许多人

可能会排除那些会

同意的人 假定的

政党单独

历史的基础一次又一次地

表明,不熟悉一个群体

会更容易诋毁

另一个群体,或者可能是因为

自由派和

保守派之间的地理距离导致一个人

说一个循环 信仰,他们因

整个社区

而受到诽谤,而且

每个人都互相憎恨,

我在这个话题上的理论看起来

略有不同

过去 100 年的美国社会格局 我认为

宗教机构

是我们社会结构的支柱,

无论是教堂、清真寺、

犹太教堂还是寺庙,这些组织

一直是拥有共同信仰的强大社区的所在地,

这些机构中经常

存在不同的政治 在过去的 20 年里

,共同的意识形态将这个群体

团结在一起

,我们看到

教堂或

其他宗教机构的宗教信仰率

在同一时间直线下降,因为 ella

提到

人们仍然渴望成为一个群体的一部分,

我怀疑是 我们已经转向

政党作为替代品,

所以我们如何解决社会紧张局势我们

建议进行对话

,我的一个朋友和我在

我们的犹太教堂宗教学校教一堂课,

专门教孩子们关于赤昆

明矾的知识,这是犹太教的一个概念

意味着

在选举期间修复世界,我们

上了一课如何与人交谈

与您不同意

我们针对儿童创建的框架的人进行交流

适用于

所有年龄段 我们的理论分为

五件事要练习 进行良好

而有意义的对话 首先是

尊重 现在这

对大多数人来说似乎超级简单

事实上,这就是为什么这么

多看似无辜的谈话

转向

大喊大叫的原因

在那之后,同理心不是敌人,

在谈话中练习同理心意味着

只要承认

对方可能有不同的生活经历

,导致他们得出结论,

那么现在有理由了,现在理性是

被践踏的东西,

但它是一个

使用真正

优质的话语最重要的事情 g 理性意味着

试图保持

逻辑 避免逻辑谬误

角色工作,而是

试图做出一个格式正确的论点

,同时

试图理解他们

的论点以理解另一个人的论点

使用下一个工具至关重要

听力

听力是

绝对的 在我们年轻的时候向我们讲道,

但似乎一旦我们变老了,我们

就会忘记

通过倾听有多么重要,您可以真正

理解他人的观点,

并且您避免基于对他们观点的先入为主的观念来下结论

最后是恩典恩典

在谈话中以几种方式表现出来

首先是意识到你可能并不

总是对

的,改变你的

观点是可以的,另一方面

是可以接受分歧

现在这可能真的很有挑战性,

尤其是在那些你喜欢的话题上

知道你是对的,但这是

绝对必要的,

但不仅仅是

与 ot 交谈 她的那很重要

在我们日常生活中与政治仇恨作斗争的

地方 我们必须听到

我们自己潜意识思想的来源 我们必须

与自己进行对话

现在我知道这听起来有点疯狂

但坚持我这里

我们大多数人都没有 看看我们

认为是其他

政党成员的人,

并认为他们看起来像

共和党人

我不会更准确地与他们交谈

粉红色的头发加上纽约 T 恤

加上我们的投资组合等于民主党

等于共产主义等于疯狂

所以我们选择不与那个人互动

长袖衬衫加上十字项链

加上长牛仔裙等于共和党

等于同性恋

疯狂所以我们选择不与

那个人互动 人,

但实际上我们对他们一无所知

,也许他们是另一个政党的成员,

也许这

对他们来说真的没有那么重要,马 是的,

但也许这不是

你们两个之间的问题,也许

你会发现你们能够一起处理

重要的项目,

比如写一个十个演讲,所以

它要求你参加一个 当你

自动将某人排除在外

并考虑自己的思维过程时,

这是我通过焦虑试验学到的一种方法

首先停下来让自己

思考自己的思考过程,

不受外界影响

其次

真正思考这个过程问

自己

问题 比如我为什么认为

他们是

这样的 好吧,如果您

对答案感到失望

并最终让自己变得不完美

,那么您很可能曾经有

对政治仇恨感到内疚的时间 ed,

没关系,重要的是检查

自己

从中学习并尝试超越

它,如果你这样做了,

那么你就在正确的道路上,就像我们

之前提到的 ella,

在做这个谈话之前我并不认识对方

我们或多或少

被迫一起工作,

但在撰写

本次演讲的整个过程中,我们意识到我们是

非常相似的人,即使我们

基本上在每一个可以想象的政治问题上都存在分歧,

这是可能的,并且

能够回顾

过去很重要 您的政治分歧并将

对方视为

另一个人,

通过撰写本次演讲的过程,

我们了解到还有更

重要的事情可以不同意和争论

,例如 ella 出于某种原因不

喜欢胡萝卜

,你们是 不会相信

这一点,但迪娜不知何故认为《星际

迷航》

比《星球大战》要好 埃拉

在这个问题上的观点让我有点

不舒服

,不管怎么说 在我们的友谊中,吉娜

对性别认同的性别观点是我

强烈不同意的

,我不同意埃拉关于政府

参与的看法,但

我们都有共同的爱好 sam

gmg 霍比特人

指环王最终你

不必同意 大事你

甚至不必在小事上达成一致

,他也不会和所有人成为朋友,

但我们不能继续这样互相憎恨,

因为如果我们不沟通,我们

就无法解决问题 我们都希望

看到的问题得到解决 我们希望你

离开这个谈话

愿意评估你

对他人的想法和行为,我们

希望这会让你

更了解别人

距离

高五