The revolutionary truth about kids and gender identity

[Music]

are you a mommy

or a daddy the little boy called to me

one day when i went to pick my youngest

son up

from the daycare playground he looked up

at me curious

waiting for my answer but before i

answered him i thought about

how many times in my life i’ve been

asked that essential question

are you a boy or a girl sometimes it’s

actually been more of an accusation

meant to make me feel shamed for having

an androgynous or ambiguous gender

presentation

sometimes the question’s been hurled at

me with menace

meant to make me feel unsafe because

i’ve made someone else feel

uncomfortable

say in a public restroom but often

in my role as a pediatrician and as a

parent it’s been asked with curiosity

without judgment a child’s genuine

attempt

to put me into the categories known to

them now

this little guy was probably about three

or four years old and i could tell by

his tone that he was asking out of

curiosity

he genuinely wanted to know which of the

two adult categories known to him

did i fit into was i a mommy or a daddy

you see i look quite a bit like a daddy

but

i sound an awful lot like a mommy

so i bent down and i said to him you

know what

i’m not a mommy or a daddy

i’m a mapa a mapa he said

what’s that well i explained amapa is

like

a mommy and a daddy both oh

okay he said so then

what’s your favorite dinosaur

and what it took this little guy seconds

to accept

it often takes grown-ups a lot longer to

unlearn and realize

that more exists among human beings

than can be answered with the simple

question are you a boy or a girl

are you a man or a woman are you a mommy

or a daddy what i’m here to talk to you

about today

as a pediatrician who specializes in

caring for transgender and gender

diverse kids

as a parent with three young kids of my

own

and as a person who identifies as both

queer and gender diverse

is how kids understand both simple and

complex

ideas of gender identity and where the

journey that many young

transgender and gender diverse kids are

on today will ultimately lead

all of us so let’s start with how

kids understand gender identity well

from the age of about two

kids can understand gender differences

now this is mostly based on physical

characteristics and anatomy as they

sort and put people into categories boys

and girls mommies and daddies

kids at two are actually very good at

putting things into categories and

they’re very concrete and binary

thinkers so this is a fun and easy task

for them as they move into age three and

four

they then begin to figure out where they

fit they’ve seen the categories and

they’re turning the lens

inward to discover where they fit in the

categories that have been explained to

them

most of which are boy and girl now

they often develop more sophisticated

understanding

of physical characteristics and anatomy

around this time and they’re often not

shy about sharing their discoveries with

us they may

exclaim i’m a girl and i have a vagina

and that may happen in the

pediatrician’s office or in the checkout

line at the grocery store

they have figured out their place in the

world and they are claiming it

it shouldn’t surprise you then that some

transgender kids

are also claiming their identities as

young as three and four years old

they know the categories they know how

they should feel inside

based on their anatomy and they also

know that the way that they see

themselves doesn’t line up with other

people’s expectations

from as young as some kids can talk

they’re explaining to their parents the

truth about their identities

now as kids move beyond into the age of

four and five

they’re starting to figure out gender

role or what does it

mean to be a boy or a girl this is when

kids are understanding how they should

act

based on their gender identities and

they’re learning about concepts like

boys toys and girls toys for the first

time which

even if we don’t teach it to them all it

takes is one trip to target to figure

out which toys belong to who

and so they’re first figuring out what

do they like they’re trying on

different ways of dressing different

costumes they’re doing pretend and

imaginary play they’re

playing with different types of toys

they’re figuring out first what they

like

and then is it okay or not and this can

actually be a hard time for all kids

not just kids who are transgender and

gender diverse as they first figure out

what they love

and then they figure out might they be

punished in big or small ways

for being themselves now i mentioned

earlier that i’m a parent

and i have three boys or rather i have

three kids

six six and four who were assigned male

at birth and continue to identify as

boys

and when our kids were growing up we

tried to expand their gender categories

just a little bit so instead of saying

to them these are boy parts

and these are girl parts we taught them

that

most boys have penises and most girls

have vaginas just to leave open the

possibility that

biology isn’t destiny and that how

someone feels inside or their gender

identity

may not line up with expectations based

on anatomy

they actually adapted quite quickly to

this and i remember the day that one of

my sons came up to me and he said

moppa i’m a most boy

i thought tell me just a little bit more

about that

well he said you know how most boys have

penises but some boys don’t

i’m a boy that has a penis i’m a most

boy

fair enough i thought and yet

despite our attempt to expand gender

categories a little bit for my kids and

despite them growing up with a parent

who goes by the name of mapa and who

identifies as non-binary

my own kids still brought these gender

expectations home with them

i remember one day when my son theo he’s

the beaming smiling child here in the

blue princess dress

i remember when he came home from

daycare one day with that exact dress in

his backpack

and he said to me mapa i don’t want to

bring this dress for show and tell

anymore

now you can tell by this picture how

much theo loves that dress and he used

to love dressing up in costume and i

could tell it made him feel a little bit

sad so i said theo

tell me why well he explained

one of my friends and one of my teachers

told me that boys don’t wear dresses oh

i said okay well theo do you

remember when we talked about that

clothes are for everyone

and toys are for everyone in our family

you can wear whatever clothes you want

in our family it’s okay for boys to wear

dresses

now in some families boys might not get

to wear dresses

but those aren’t the rules in our house

and that’s not the rules in our family

i know he said i just don’t want to

anymore

and you know what he never did

and not only did he never bring that

princess dress for show and tell anymore

he really stopped dressing up and

playing princess after that

and was it because at four and a half he

was ready to be done

dressing up as a princess and playing

pretend maybe

or was it because he was worried that if

he brought that dress

back to show-and-tell again and violated

the rules of being a boy

that he might be punished for that maybe

i’ll never know the answer to that for

sure but what we do know

is that by the time most kids are six

and seven years old

they are conforming inter-traditional

gender roles what i mean by that is that

girls are becoming more feminine boys

are becoming more masculine

they’re starting to conform their

hairstyles the way they dress

the toys they play with their peer

groups to what society expects of them

based on their gender identities now

is this because naturally boys and girls

are different

or is this because our society has very

strict expectations of how boys and

girls should act

based on their identities the research

would tell us that it’s probably some of

both

and honestly we’ll probably never know

the answer to that question for sure

but here’s one thing that we do know

what we do know

is that kids who violate our

expectations around gender

are punished for doing so what we know

is that 80 of transgender and gender

diverse kids

experience harassment in schools in fact

we know that the number one reason that

kids are bullied in school

is for gender non-conforming dress or

behavior

those girls who are too masculine or

boys who are too feminine

regardless of their underlying sexual

orientation or gender identity

we know that up to 60 of transgender

kids

are rejected by their parents

and that the disruption of this

fundamental attachment has devastating

consequences for their self-esteem

one of those consequences being that in

some studies trans and gender diverse

kids are eight to nine times more likely

to try to take their own life

and we also know that the world is

changing we know

that in 2016 in the state of minnesota

when we asked 9th and 11th graders to

describe their gender identities to us

that 2.8 percent of them or nearly three

percent

identified as transgender and gender

non-conforming

that’s close to three times what we’ve

previously found in adult studies

we also know that we’re hearing new

words and new language to describe

gender identity all the time

mostly from the young people in our

lives words like gender queer

gender expansive gender fluid non-binary

bigender agender and on and on

we know that kids today are discovering

their gender identities now more than

ever

and they’re finding new language and new

models to share those identities with us

ah so you’re thinking i get it

this is a trend this is a fad this is

cool this is the next new thing

and my kid and the kid in my kids class

and the neighbor kid

and actually maybe even you dr gephard

you’re part of this new wave this cool

trend of being transgender and gender

diverse

hold that thought for just a second

let’s go back to those two and three and

four-year-olds you know the ones i was

telling you about early on the ones who

are learning about gender categories and

they’re grabbing at words and language

for the first time to describe that to

others

do you know what else those kids are

learning how to do do you know what else

they love to do they are learning

how to color and they in fact

love to color and what if when our two

and three and four-year-olds were

learning how to color

what if we reached into our pocket and

we pulled out

two crayons pink and blue

and we said draw us a picture of who you

are

draw us all who you imagine yourself to

be but we’d like you to do it

with just one crayon pink or blue

no i’m sorry you actually can’t choose

both you have to pick

one pink or blue

imagine all the pictures we would never

see imagine all the vividness and color

that kids could imagine themselves to be

and that they see reflected back to them

in the world

imagine all that we would miss

and now imagine if we handed them this

imagine if we handed them a box of 64

crayons

and instead of saying pick one we said

pick as many as you would like show us

who you are tell us all the stories

pick one for a while that’s your

favorite and then pick another one and

then go back

to your original favorite if you

can imagine it then you can draw it

it is my foundational belief that we all

know who we are from a very young age

including the truest expression of our

gender identity

and we actually spend most of our lives

searching for

the words and the tools and the safety

and the agency to share ourselves

with the world queer author and activist

leslie feinberg said

gender is the poetry we write with the

language

we are taught gender

is the poetry we write with the language

we are taught

if we give kids the language if we open

the box of crayons for us

they will tell us who they are

so no i don’t think that this is a trend

or a fad i think that this

is the revealing of a truth a truth

that has always existed and kids can’t

draw the truth of themselves with just

one crayon child advocate marian wright

edelman said

kids cannot become that which they

cannot see

and kids today are seeing more and more

lgbtq folks people like me

people like the actors and actresses on

this screen

more than ever before we are giving them

a bigger box of crayons and they are

actually drawing for us more imaginative

pictures

of what it means to be a boy or a girl

or something in between

than many of us can ever remember

and so what is our job as parents as

pediatricians as aunts uncles

grandparents

friends neighbors teachers

our job is to listen our job

is to ask interesting questions and then

listen for the answer who are you

what do you like what makes you

feel like you and when kids begin to

show themselves to us

we support them without steering we

reveal our own gender identities we ask

and share names and pronouns

we give them all the examples of what it

means to be a boy or a girl or

transgender or something in between

what i’ve learned in my role as a

pediatrician for the last 15 years and

as a pediatrician who specializes in the

care of transgender and gender diverse

kids is that

these kids don’t need me to figure them

out

they need me to listen to really listen

and to help them amplify the voice

that’s inside them

they don’t actually need me to diagnose

them they need me to help them

be heard and when these kids begin to

show themselves to us

when they start down that brave journey

of self-discovery

we remind them that they are beautiful

and strong and resilient

and most importantly we love them

we fully and fiercely and wholeheartedly

love them and

if we do this our kids will draw for us

the most beautiful pictures of who they

are they will write for us

the beautiful poetry of their identities

and in doing this

they will expand the world of gender and

not just for them

but for all of us because how many of us

were given just two crayons to choose

from but longed for a bigger box

how many of us were never given the

right tools or language to describe our

own identities

you see in loving and supporting

transgender and gender diverse kids

we’re not only helping them

be more free and true versions of

themselves

we’re helping all of us have the

language we need

to discover ourselves leslie feinberg

also said my right to be me

is tied with a thousand threads to your

right

to be you because after all

we all deserve a bigger box of crayons

thank you

[音乐

] 你是妈妈

还是爸爸

有一天我去托儿所的操场接我最小的

儿子时,小男孩打电话给我,

他抬头

看着我好奇地

等待我的回答,但在我

回答他之前,我想

如何 在我的一生中,我曾多次

被问到这个基本

问题,你是男孩还是女孩

威胁

意味着让我感到不安全,因为

我让别人感到

不舒服

说在公共厕所里,但

我经常作为一名儿科医生和作为

父母的角色被问到好奇

而没有判断一个孩子真正

试图把我归入这些类别

现在他们都知道

这个小家伙大概

三四岁了,我可以从

他的语气中看出他是出于好奇而问

他真的很想知道这

两个成年人中的哪一个 他

知道我适合的类别是妈妈还是爸爸

你看我看起来有点像爸爸

我听起来很像妈妈

所以我弯下腰对他说你

知道

我不是什么 妈妈或爸爸

我是 mapa 一个 mapa 他说

那有什么好 我解释了 amapa

就像妈妈和爸爸 哦,

好吧,他说,那么

你最喜欢的

恐龙是什么,这个小家伙几秒钟

经常接受它 成年人需要更长的时间才能

忘记并意识到

人类中存在的东西

比简单的问题所能回答的要多得多

,你是男孩还是

女孩,你是男人还是女人,你是妈妈

还是爸爸我是什么 今天在这里和你

谈谈,

作为一名专门

照顾跨性别和性别

多样化孩子的儿科医生,

作为我自己的三个小孩的父母

,作为一个同时认同

酷儿和性别多样化

的人,孩子们如何理解简单和

复杂

性别认同的想法和

旅程的去向 今天很多年轻的

跨性别和性别多样化的

孩子最终会引领

我们所有人,所以让我们从

孩子们如何很好地理解性别认同开始

对人进行分类和分类 男孩

和女孩 妈妈和爸爸

两岁的孩子实际上非常擅长

将事物分类,

他们是非常具体和二元的

思想家,所以

当他们进入三岁时,这对他们来说是一项有趣而简单的任务

4

然后他们开始弄清楚他们

适合的位置 他们已经看到了这些类别,

他们正在向内转动镜头,

以发现他们在

已经向他们解释过的类别中的位置,

其中大多数是男孩和女孩现在

他们经常发展更多 在这个时候,他们

对身体特征和解剖学有着深刻的理解,

他们通常不会

羞于与我们分享他们的发现,

他们可能会

惊呼我 ‘妈妈和我有阴道

,这可能发生在

儿科医生的办公室或

杂货店

的收银台上

他们

在三四岁的时候

就声称自己的身份他们知道

根据自己的解剖结构他们知道自己内心应该如何感受的类别,并且他们也

知道他们看待自己的方式

与其他

人的期望不符

一些孩子可以说话的年纪

他们正在向父母解释

他们身份的真相

现在随着孩子们进入

四五岁,

他们开始弄清楚性别

角色或

作为男孩或男孩意味着什么 女孩这是当

孩子们了解他们应该如何

根据他们的性别认同采取行动时,他们

第一次学习男孩玩具和女孩玩具等概念

即使我们不教它 o 他们只

需要一次旅行就可以确定

哪些玩具属于

谁 所以他们首先要弄清楚

他们喜欢

什么

“他们在

玩不同类型的玩具,

他们首先要弄清楚他们喜欢什么

,然后是好还是不好,这

实际上对所有孩子来说都是一个艰难的时期,

而不仅仅是跨性别和

性别多样化的孩子,因为他们首先要弄清楚

什么 他们爱

然后他们发现他们是否会因为做自己而

受到或大或小的惩罚

现在我

之前提到我是父母

,我有三个男孩,或者更确切地说,我有

三个孩子,

六六岁和四岁,他们在出生时被分配为男性

并继续识别为

男孩

,当我们的孩子长大时,我们

试图稍微扩大他们的性别

类别,而不是

对他们说这些是男孩部分

,这些是女孩部分,我们教他们

大多数男孩都有阴茎 s和大多数女孩

都有阴道只是为了让

生物学不是命运的可能性以及

某人内心的感觉或他们的性别

认同

可能与

基于解剖学的期望不一致,

他们实际上很快就适应了

这一点,我记得那一天

我的一个儿子来找我,他说

moppa 我是一个大多数男孩

我想告诉我更多

关于那口

井的信息 他说你知道大多数男孩有

阴茎但有些男孩不知道

我是男孩 有一个阴茎我是一个最

公平的男孩,我认为

尽管我们试图

为我的孩子扩大性别类别,

尽管他们与一个

名为 mapa 并且

认定为非 二进制

我自己的孩子仍然把这些性别

期望带回家

我记得有一天我的儿子西奥他是

穿着蓝色公主裙的笑容满面的孩子

我记得有一天他从托儿所回家时

背包

里放着那件衣服 s 帮帮我,mapa,我不想

把这件衣服拿来炫耀,

现在你可以从这张照片中看出

西奥有多喜欢那件衣服,他

以前喜欢穿戏服,

我看得出来这让他有点感觉 有点

难过所以我说西奥

告诉我为什么他

解释了我的一个朋友和我的一位老师

告诉我男孩不穿裙子哦

我说好吧你

还记得我们谈到

衣服适合所有人

和玩具的时候吗 适合我们家的每个人 你可以在我们家

穿任何你想要

的衣服 现在男孩可以穿

裙子

在一些家庭中男孩可能

不会穿裙子,

但这不是我们家的规定,这不是我们家

的规定 我们的家人,

我知道他说我不想再这样做

,你知道他从来没有做过,

而且他不仅没有带那件

公主裙来炫耀,也不再告诉

他,在那之后他真的不再打扮和

扮演公主了

,是不是因为 他四岁半

准备好

打扮成公主装扮起来,

也许是因为他担心如果

他把那件衣服

带回去再次展示和讲述,

违反了男孩的规则

,他可能会因此受到惩罚

我永远无法确定答案,

但我们所知道的

是,当大多数孩子

六七岁时,

他们正在适应传统的

性别角色,我的意思是

女孩变得更加女性化

越来越男性化

他们开始调整

发型

和同龄人一起玩的玩具的穿着方式

符合社会

对他们的期望 社会

对男孩和

女孩应该如何

根据他们的身份行事有非常严格的期望,研究

会告诉我们,这可能是

两者兼而有之

,老实说,我们可能永远不会

知道答案 不确定,

但我们确实知道的一件事

是,违反我们

对性别的期望的孩子

会因为这样做而受到惩罚我们知道的

是,事实上我们知道 80 名跨性别和性别

多样化的孩子

在学校受到骚扰

孩子在学校被欺负的第一个

原因是性别不合规的穿着或

行为

那些过于男性化的女孩或

过于女性化的男孩,

无论其潜在的

性取向或性别认同如何,

我们知道多达 60 个跨性别

孩子

被父母拒绝

,这种

基本依恋的破坏

会对他们的自尊造成毁灭性的后果,

其中一个后果是,在

一些研究中,跨性别和性别多样化的

孩子尝试自杀的可能性要高出 8 到 9 倍,

并且 我们也知道世界正在

改变 我们

知道 2016 年在明尼苏达州,

当我们要求 9 年级和 11 年级学生

描述 他们对我们的性别认同,

其中 2.8% 或近 3

%

被确定为跨性别和性别

不合格

,这接近我们

之前在成人研究中发现的三倍

我们还知道我们正在听到新

单词和新语言 一直在描述

性别认同,

主要来自我们生活中的年轻人的

话,比如性别酷儿、

性别膨胀、性别流动、非二元性大性别

、等等,

我们知道今天的孩子

比以往任何时候都更多地发现他们的性别认同

,他们正在寻找

与我们分享这些身份的新语言和新模式

啊所以你认为我明白了

这是一种趋势这是一种时尚这

很酷这是下一个新事物

和我的孩子和我孩子班

的孩子和邻居 孩子

,实际上,甚至你是 gephard 博士,

你也是这一新浪潮的一部分,这种

跨性别和性别

多样化的酷趋势

保持了这一想法,

让我们回到那两个和三个,

四岁的孩子,你知道我

早先告诉你的那些

正在学习性别类别的人,

他们第一次抓住文字和

语言向别人描述,

你知道那些孩子还有什么

学习如何做你知道

他们喜欢做什么他们正在学习

如何着色而且他们实际上

喜欢着色如果我们两岁

、三岁和四岁的孩子正在

学习如何

着色如果我们接触到 我们的口袋里,

我们拿出

两支粉红色和蓝色的蜡笔

,我们说给我们画一张你是谁的照片,

画出你想象中的所有人,

但我们希望你

只用一支粉红色或蓝色的蜡笔来画,

不,我’ 对不起,你实际上不能选择

两者你必须选择

一个粉红色或蓝色

想象所有我们永远不会看到的图片

想象孩子们可以想象自己的所有生动

和色彩,他们看到的世界反映给他们

想象 我们会想念

和现在想象的一切 如果我们给他们这个

想象如果我们给他们一盒 64 支

蜡笔

,而不是说选择一个,而是说

选择尽可能多的,

告诉我们你是谁告诉我们所有的故事

选择一段时间,那是你

最喜欢的然后 选择另一个,

然后

回到你最初最喜欢的,如果你

能想象它然后你就可以画它

这是我的基本信念,我们都

知道我们从很小的时候就知道我们是谁,

包括我们性别认同的最真实表达

,我们实际上花费 我们一生中的大部分时间都

寻找文字、工具、安全

和与世界分享自己的机构

酷儿作家和活动家

leslie feinberg 说,

性别是我们用我们所学的语言写的诗 性别是我们用这种

语言

写的诗 语言

如果我们给孩子们语言 如果我们

为我们打开蜡笔盒

他们会告诉我们他们是谁

所以不 我不认为这是一种趋势

或时尚 我认为这

是揭示 一个真理

一个一直存在的真理,孩子们不能

用一支蜡笔画出自己的真相

儿童倡导者玛丽安·赖特·

埃德尔曼说,

孩子们不能成为他们

看不到的东西

,今天的孩子们看到越来越多的

lgbtq 人 像我这样的

人 人

我们比以往任何

时候都更喜欢这个屏幕上

的演员和女演员

永远记得

,所以我们作为父母的工作是什么作为

儿科医生作为阿姨叔叔

祖父母祖父母

朋友邻居老师

我们的工作是倾听我们的工作

是提出有趣的问题然后

倾听答案你

是谁你喜欢什么让你

感觉如何 当你和孩子们开始向

我们展示自己时,我们会

支持他们而不需要指导我们

透露我们自己的性别身份我们询问

并分享姓名和代词

我们给他们所有的 exa

了解成为男孩、女孩

或变性人意味着什么,或者介于

在过去 15 年

担任儿科医生和专门

照顾跨性别和性别多样化

儿童的儿科医生之间所学到的东西之间的东西是

这些孩子不需要我去弄清楚

他们需要我去倾听 真正倾听

并帮助他们放大他们内心的声音

他们实际上并不需要我来诊断

他们 他们需要我帮助他们

被听到以及何时 当这些孩子开始

勇敢的自我发现之旅时,他们开始向我们展示自己

我们提醒他们,他们美丽

、坚强、有韧性

,最重要的是我们爱他们

孩子们将为我们画出

最美丽的照片,

他们将为我们写下

关于他们身份的美丽诗歌

,在这样做的过程中,

他们将扩大性别世界,

不仅为他们,

而且为所有人 我们,因为我们中

有多少人只有两支蜡笔可供选择

,但渴望一个更大的盒子

,我们中有多少人从来没有得到

正确的工具或语言来描述我们

自己的身份,

你在爱和支持

跨性别和性别多样化的孩子时

看到了我们' 不仅帮助他们

成为更自由、更真实的

自己,

我们还在帮助我们所有人拥有

发现自己所需的语言 leslie feinberg

还说我做我

的权利与你做你的权利有千丝万缕的联系,

因为 毕竟

我们都应该得到一个更大的蜡笔盒

谢谢