The Case for Entomophagy

[Music]

one

fateful january morning during freshman

year i

awoke with a burning question on my mind

why haven’t i ever eaten an insect it

was

admittedly a bizarre craving but the

thought

bugged me all day so i texted my mom

can i get some crickets to eat i was met

with

silence so i followed up with

is that a no to which she replied

crickets replete with an emoji to make

sure we were on the same page

i said yes and she still bewildered

asked like in a cereal bar

and i sat like crickets like in a jar

and then she said can we talk

once she made sure i hadn’t lost my mind

she ordered me a little jar of crickets

and i awaited their arrival eagerly when

i finally received the package ready for

pick up email

i ran all the way to the mail room and

back to saint monica hall

to crack them open and share them with

friends

they were admittedly a little surprised

at first

but almost everyone i offered them to

tried one

and they made great snacks

i wasn’t at all surprised that bugs had

amazed me yet again

after all i’ve always loved insects

back in my science olympiad prime i

competed in

entomology an enthralling test about

insects

and brought home regional gold not once

but twice big day for me as you can see

i know the latin names for all the

orders of insects i still scoop up

lanternflies and praying mantises to

this day

i even own a field guide to the insects

of north america

i brought it with me for good luck and

if you think

i’m crazy now is a great time to tell

you that there is a villanovan

willingly dating me all jokes aside

i’m here today to make the case for

entomophagy

entomophagy derived from the greek words

entomon

meaning insect and fagin meaning to eat

refers to the practice of

eating insects at first this was going

to be a cut and dry

talk about eating insects it would have

sounded something like

you should try crickets they’re really

good for you lots of fiber

and everyone would have left here like

was it

just me or was the bug girl super

weird so instead of calorie counting

insects

i’m going to give you some critical ways

bugs can make us better humans

because i think they can do a lot more

than just give us our daily

helping of protein before we can jump

into that though we need to address some

big questions

question one how long have people been

eating insects

actually since prehistoric times

back when we were still hunter-gatherers

we watched animals forage for

protein-filled insects

and we did the same eating beetles

locusts grasshoppers termites and even

dragonflies

we even have cave paintings from tens of

thousands of years ago

depicting humans eating insects isn’t

that incredible

okay question two do people still eat

bugs today

besides on survivor yes

despite entomophagy dying down once we

started growing crops and raising

livestock

insects are still consumed by over 2

billion people

in over 80 percent of the countries

around the globe

despite being taboo in north america and

europe entomophagy is a common practice

in central and south america

africa asia and even australia

it even serves as a powerful tool for

meeting the food needs

of developing nations think for a moment

how easy it is to raise crickets as

opposed to raising

cows crickets take up practically no

space

they can sustain themselves off of

composting scraps and a little bit of

water

and they reproduce really quickly which

means you can end up with a ton of food

quickly and for a low cost this can

serve as a powerful tool for meeting the

food needs of developing nations

and countries with increased populations

according to the united nations food and

agriculture organization

there are over 1900 edible species

and we’re bound to add a lot more to

that list as we keep exploring

not to mention insects can be cooked all

sorts of different ways

from dried to fried to boiled to baked

okay question three are insects

safe to eat yes the blanching and

cooking

process makes them totally safe not to

mention

insects pose a much lower risk of

infecting us with zoonotic diseases than

other forms of livestock

you may be thinking are you sure they’re

safe

i’m positive these are grasshoppers

see perfectly fine

if you don’t want to smart start with

whole insect you can always start small

with insect powders pastes and flowers

that can be added to other dishes

if you’re still reluctant it may help to

know that you’ve

probably eaten insects before if you’ve

ever had a bar of chocolate or a

spoonful of peanut butter

you’ve likely eaten insects don’t shoot

the messenger

but fda regulations permit 3.5 ounces of

insect fragments

in every 100 grams of both chocolate and

peanut butter

insect fragments are natural defects and

impossible to remove completely

so you’ve already eaten insects safely

although unintentionally

okay question four are insects

good for you yes they are after all

packed with protein and fiber and they

contain essential micronutrients like

vitamins and minerals

insects can contain up to 80 percent

protein

making them a great substitute for other

forms of livestock

insects even surpass other meats in

certain aspects

they contain more mineral iron and less

fat than beef

okay question five so if entomophagy is

such a widespread practice

why don’t we do it here in the u.s well

according to the food and agriculture

organization it’s purely cultural

the origins i’ve discussed are rooted in

culture so

if you grimaced when you first heard me

say the phrase eating insects

it’s because doing so is not a common

practice here in the west

we associate insects with sensations

such as

gross dirty and crunchy so admittedly i

am fighting a bit of an uphill battle

here

but our cultural norms shift all the

time

lobster a quasi insect of the sea was

such a cheap and copious food from the

colonial era onwards

that prisoners who ate it every night

were considered to be facing

a cruel and unusual punishment

its transformation into a delicacy makes

me confident that this is a change we

could feasibly make

as our cultural norms shift all the time

so with our newfound knowledge of how

powerful of a tool

insects can be let’s move into the

surprising things they can do for us

first they can make us more sustainable

consumers

compared to all other forms of livestock

insects are less of a strain on the

environment and

cut down on resource consumption

remember the contrast i drew earlier

between raising crickets and raising

cows

let’s see how it holds up crickets need

a fraction of the land food and water

that cows need

they also utilize their feed incredibly

efficiently

with two kilograms of feed producing

nine kilograms of insects

as opposed to just one kilogram of beef

not to mention the sustainability

generated by the type of feed given to

the insects

while cattle farmers need to utilize

additional resources such as land and

water to grow grain for the cows

crickets can be sustained largely off of

agricultural waste

we already have by raising insects

we can cut down on resource consumption

and efficiently utilize our waste

moving on to water producing a kilogram

of crickets requires about 2 000 liters

of water

producing the same amount of beef

over a hundred and twenty thousand

liters of water the numbers speak for

themselves

taking a quick look at greenhouse gas

emissions there are only a handful of

edible insects that produce methane as a

byproduct

whereas cattle produce a ton of

greenhouse gas

in fact the production of a single

kilogram of beef

is near equivalent to the emissions

produced by a 250 kilometer drive

that’s about two pounds for 155

miles if you’re trying to convert in

your head

a cultural shift to include insects in

our diet would greatly reduce the carbon

emissions caused by raising livestock

slowing the increase in global

temperature caused by climate change

making this shift even partially would

certainly require some time and

convincing

but entomophagy is undeniably a better

move for us

and our planet looking forward the food

and agriculture organization points to

insects as

prime candidates as both food staples

and

supplements insects hold the power to

bring about an environmentally

sustainable food system

a win-win insects are only the beginning

to being more environmentally conscious

in everything we do

one of the more beautiful things i

believe insects have the capacity to do

for us though

is to make us more interconnected and

knowledgeable regarding each other’s

cultures

i have learned so much more about

dietary customs all around the world

i had no idea that in cambodia

tarantulas are captured fried and sold

at the marketplace

in southern africa the mopani worm is a

dietary staple

it can be cooked in a hot chili sauce in

mexico

grasshoppers or chapolines are toasted

and seasoned

locusts are fried in thailand through

recipes and youtube videos i became

acquainted with different dishes

customs languages and ways of life

i have learned so much more

about different bug dishes around the

world and there are so many i want to

try

my roommates are going to be thrilled

when my fried tarantulas arrive in the

mail

through a strange door i came to a

greater understanding and appreciation

of

cultures that are not my own and

i think we need that more than ever

right now

it is only by putting in the time and

effort

to genuinely learn about other cultures

that we will stop being hindered by our

ignorance

cultivating this understanding is a sign

a clear

indication of love and respect for the

other

maybe when you first heard me say the

phrase eating insects

you were taken aback but now that you

know how integral they are to some

cultures

you’re more accepting of the idea even

if you don’t feel particularly compelled

to try them yourself

yet if you’ve already undergone that

little change

that’s wonderful learning about

entomophagy is just a tiny window into a

world of knowledge

that will only become accessible to us

if we open the door

so do yourself a favor and genuinely

educate yourself regarding aspects of

other cultures

because that is how we eradicate

misconceptions stereotypes and hatreds

you have a wealth of resources at your

fingertips

read an article watch a video it will do

nothing

but make you a more compassionate person

an understanding neighbor

who is capable of loving those around

you properly

the type of person our world needs most

so the next time you’re presented with a

plate of crickets

or at the very least cricket flower

cookies

do yourself a favor and say yes

thank you

[音乐]

大一那年一月的一个决定性的早晨,

醒来时脑海里浮现出一个迫切的问题,

为什么我从来没有吃过昆虫,这无疑

一种奇怪的渴望,但这个

想法

困扰了我一整天,所以我给我妈妈发了短信,

我能买点吗 吃蟋蟀我遇到

沉默,所以我跟进的

是,她回答说不,

蟋蟀充满了一个表情符号,以

确保我们在同一页上

我说是的,她仍然困惑地

问,就像在麦片吧里一样

像罐子里的蟋蟀一样坐着

,然后她说,

一旦她确定我没有失去理智,我们可以谈谈吗?她给

我点了一小罐蟋蟀

,当我终于收到准备取货的包裹时,我热切地等待着他们的到来

电子邮件

我一路跑到

收发室,然后回到圣莫妮卡大厅

打开它们并与朋友分享

他们诚然一开始有点惊讶

但几乎我让他们尝试的每个

人都做了很棒的零食

我不是 一点也不 珍视虫子

让我再次感到惊讶

毕竟我一直很喜欢

昆虫在我的科学奥林匹克巅峰时期我

参加了

昆虫学一项关于昆虫的令人着迷的测试

并为我带回了区域金牌不是一次

而是两次重要的一天你可以看到

我知道 所有昆虫目的拉丁文名称

我至今仍在收集

灯笼苍蝇和螳螂

我什至拥有一本北美昆虫野外指南

我带来了它以求好运

如果你认为

我现在疯了 一个很好的时间告诉

你,有一个维拉诺万

愿意和我约会,除了所有的笑话

我今天来这里是为了证明食虫的理由

食虫来源于希腊词

entomon

意思是昆虫和 fagin 意思是吃

是指

吃昆虫的做法 首先,这

将是

关于吃昆虫的干巴巴的谈话,

听起来像是

你应该尝试蟋蟀它们

真的对你有很多纤维

,每个人都会离开这里

是我还是那个虫子女孩超级

怪异,所以我不会计算卡路里的昆虫,而是

给你一些关键的方法,

虫子可以让我们成为更好的人类,

因为我认为它们可以做的

不仅仅是给我们每天的

帮助

虽然我们需要解决一些大问题,但我们需要解决一些

大问题,即

自史前时代以来,

当我们还是狩猎采集者时,人们实际上吃昆虫多久了,

我们观察动物寻找富含

蛋白质的昆虫

,我们做到了 同样吃甲虫

蝗虫 蚱蜢 白蚁甚至

蜻蜓

我们甚至有数万年前的洞穴壁画

描绘人类吃昆虫 不是

那么令人难以置信

好吧 问题 2

除了幸存者之外,今天人们还吃虫子吗 是的,

尽管一旦我们开始食虫就会死去

在全球超过 80% 的国家中,超过 20 亿人仍在消费种植作物和饲养家畜昆虫

尽管在北美和欧洲是禁忌,但

食虫

在中美洲和

南美洲非洲亚洲甚至澳大利亚是一种常见的做法,

它甚至可以作为

满足发展中国家粮食需求

的有力工具想想

养蟋蟀是多么容易

与饲养

奶牛相比,蟋蟀几乎不占用任何

空间,

它们可以靠

堆肥废料和少量水维持生命,

而且它们的繁殖速度非常快,这

意味着你可以很快得到一吨食物

,而且成本很低,这可以

作为 根据联合国粮食及农业组织的数据,满足

发展中国家和人口增长

国家粮食需求的强大工具

有 1900 多种可食用物种

,我们一定会在

该清单中添加更多,因为我们不断探索

不 提到昆虫可以以

各种不同的方式烹饪,

从干燥到油炸到煮到烤好

问题三昆虫可以

安全食用吗 s 焯烫和

烹饪

过程使它们完全安全,更不用说

昆虫

比其他形式的牲畜感染人畜共患疾病的风险要低得多

你可能会想你确定它们是

安全的

我很肯定这些是蚱蜢

看得完美 很好,

如果你不想聪明地从

整个昆虫开始,你总是可以

从昆虫粉糊和鲜花开始

如果你仍然不情愿,

知道你

可能以前吃过昆虫可能会有所帮助 如果您

曾经吃过一块巧克力或

一勺花生酱,

您可能已经吃过昆虫,请不要

射击信使,

但 FDA 法规允许

每 100 克巧克力和

花生酱

昆虫碎片中含有 3.5 盎司昆虫碎片 自然缺陷,

不可能完全去除,

所以你已经安全地吃过昆虫了,

虽然无意中

还好问题四是昆虫

对你有好处是的,它们毕竟

充满了p 蛋白质和纤维,它们

含有必需的微量营养素,如

维生素和矿物质

昆虫可以含有高达 80% 的

蛋白质,

使其成为其他形式的牲畜昆虫的绝佳替代品,

甚至在某些方面超过其他肉类

它们含有比牛肉更多的矿物质铁和更少的

脂肪

好的问题 五 所以如果食虫是

一种如此普遍的做法,

为什么我们不在美国做呢?

根据粮食和农业

组织的说法,这纯粹是文化

我讨论的起源植根于

文化,所以

如果你第一次听到我的时候做了个鬼脸

说吃昆虫

这个词是因为这样

做在

西方并不

常见 从殖民时代开始,一种类似海中的昆虫是

一种廉价而丰富的食物,

以至于每晚都吃它的囚犯

被认为面临

着残酷和不寻常的惩罚

它变成美味让

我相信这是我们可以做出的改变,

因为我们的文化规范一直在变化,

所以随着我们新发现

的工具

昆虫的强大知识让我们 首先进入

它们可以为我们做的令人惊讶的事情

与所有其他形式的牲畜相比,它们可以

使我们成为更可持续的消费者

养牛

让我们看看它如何支撑蟋蟀需要奶牛需要的

一小部分土地食物和水

它们还非常

有效地

利用饲料,两公斤饲料生产

九公斤昆虫

,而不是一公斤牛肉

更不用说

给昆虫的饲料类型产生的可持续性,

而养牛户需要利用

额外的资源 我们的土地和

水等资源用于为奶牛种植谷物

蟋蟀可以在很大程度上依靠

农业废物维持

我们已经通过饲养昆虫

我们可以减少资源消耗

并有效利用我们的废物

转移到水生产一

公斤蟋蟀大约需要 2 000 升水

生产相同数量的牛肉

超过 12 万

升水 数字不言

自明 快速查看温室气体

排放量 只有少数

可食用昆虫会产生甲烷作为

副产品,

而牛则产生 一吨

温室

气体事实上,一

公斤牛肉

的产量几乎相当于行驶

250 公里所产生的排放量

如果你试图在

头脑中

转变文化转变以包括昆虫,那么 155 英里行驶约 2 磅 在

我们的饮食中将大大减少

因饲养牲畜而导致的碳排放

减缓全球

气温上升 由气候变化引起

的这种转变,即使是部分地,

肯定需要一些时间和

令人信服的,

但不可否认,昆虫吞噬

对我们

和我们的星球来说是一个更好的举措,展望未来,粮食

和农业组织指出

昆虫是

主要候选者,因为昆虫主食

补品都占据着

实现环境

可持续食品系统

的力量 双赢昆虫只是我们所做的每件事

都更加环保意识的开始

我相信昆虫有能力为我们做的更美好的事情之一

是让我们更加相互联系 并且

了解彼此的

文化

对世界各地的饮食习俗了解得更多

我不知道在柬埔寨

捕捞的狼蛛被油炸并

在南部非洲的市场上出售 莫帕尼蠕虫是

可以烹饪的主食

墨西哥

蚱蜢或 chapolines 中的辣椒酱被烘烤

和海洋

通过

食谱和 youtube 视频在泰国炸蝗虫 我

熟悉了不同的菜肴

风俗语言和生活方式

我学到了很多

关于世界各地不同昆虫菜肴的知识

我想尝试的有很多

我的室友要去

当我的油炸狼蛛

通过一扇陌生的门通过邮件送达时

,我感到很兴奋

真正了解其他文化

,我们将不再被我们的无知所阻碍

培养这种理解

是爱和尊重对方的一个标志,

也许当你第一次听到我说吃昆虫这句话时,你

了一惊,但现在你

知道它们在某些

文化

中是

多么重要

然而,如果你已经经历了那一

点点变化

,那么了解

昆虫学只是一个小窗口,通往一个

知识世界

,只有

当我们打开门时我们才能接触到,

所以请帮自己一个忙,真正地

教育自己了解

其他方面 文化,

因为这就是我们消除

误解的刻板印象和仇恨的方式

你有丰富的资源触手可及

阅读一篇文章 观看一段视频 它只

会让你成为一个更有同情心的人

一个有理解力的邻居

,能够正确地爱你周围

的人 我们的世界最需要的人类型,

所以下次当你收到一

盘蟋蟀

或至少蟋蟀花

饼干时,

请帮自己一个忙,说是的,

谢谢