A More Inclusive Definition of International Relations

[Music]

okay

so as sarah said just a moment ago with

my introduction i think it’d be a good

idea to start out right now with exactly

that

in introduction so i assume that most

people especially students

at some point in their lives have

prepared an introduction in a new

setting

for most people this usually goes along

the line of name maybe where you’re from

what you study or what you like to do

and especially in college it’s a lot of

name major field of study et cetera so

my traditional intro goes a little bit

something like this hi my name is

susie veal and i study political science

and education studies

with a focus on nationalism and genocide

studies

now to focus on that last part first of

all i say it because

it’s true that’s just literally what i

study

but second and more strategically i say

that last part to subvert any

stereotypes that began to form in the

minds of people

once i said the first part introductions

are really important

and so are first impressions and they

start an immediate line of thinking as

soon as you say it

so let’s unpack that a little bit susie

woman

political science general education

studies

sweet or benign but what i want people

to know when i say that i also study

education and genocide studies and

conflict

is that i’m serious and mean business

about a real connection between

international relations and education

and i see that

and with a word a very provocative word

like a crime against humanity or

genocide

immediately you can provoke people to

make that connection in the eyes of

others

at that moment now of course i believe

that education and international

relations are related

but in reality it should not have to

take mention of a crime against humanity

to have other people make that same

connection in their mind

oftentimes we see international

relations as a way by virtue of the word

international

and education as home or domestic but in

reality the two fields actually shape

each other

and they’re incredibly related in both

practice and in theory

so practically education and

international relations coincide because

schools are the primary sites of

political socialization for

people people go to school become

citizens and then engage with the entire

world around them

and theoretically well everything is

essentially diplomacy

whether it’s negotiating interests

international excuse me interpersonal

affairs

or representing yourself to a certain

body of people they’re very intimately

connected

but in the us access to international

relations education in u.s public

schools

is incredibly limited and unequal in

part this is because we all have such a

narrow definition of what international

relations specifically

is supposed to be so if we were to open

that up more perhaps we would be able to

teach more about international relations

across fields

and this is a national problem so the

common core standards for social studies

state

nothing at all about international

relations global or area studies

or world geography at all

and this contributes to a pipeline

problem

so the school to international relations

pipeline has actually become a school to

career diplomacy pipeline

and this is because those who are

encountering an international relations

education in their public schools

are really just getting in the sense of

what it means to be in the most narrow

sense

a diplomat someone engaging in

international relations i’m talking

u.n i’m talking think tanks i’m talking

foreign service

and the result of that problem is

reflected by the demographics of the

foremost diplomatic source

of the united states which is the

foreign service itself so as you can see

on these

statistics here the us department of

state career diplomats for 2016

were only 18 percent non-white whereas

in the u.s there was 28 percent on y as

of the 2010 census

and for sex in the us excuse me in the

foreign service career diplomats only 40

percent of them are women

and in the u.s 51 of citizens

are women so you can see that there’s

obviously a disconnect between the

people who are going abroad to represent

americans and

america and that’s because in part of

this narrow definition of ir

who gets access to it and who practices

it

so i’m going to prompt you all to

imagine what a more inclusive definition

of international relations

might look like if we could expand what

we think of as international relations

perhaps we could illuminate the need for

a broader education

of people who don’t just want to go into

the state department to be career

diplomats but simply people who want to

engage with the world

all around them the tools to make the

world a better place

should not be limited to those who are

lucky enough or have the ability to

encounter

and afford them but unfortunately in the

us

we’re not there yet so as a result when

people try to

seek out any type of education and

international relations

what they’re primarily looking to are

supplementary programs

such as model united nations or summer

sessions and summer academies

and the problem with these supplementary

programs while enriching for sure

is that they require a lot of extra time

and prior knowledge about ir

a lot of time dedicated to practicing

and prepping and finally a lot of

money so model united nations programs

are really exciting

but the bottom line is that they often

self-select for hyper-academic and

extroverted students

who have the means time and money to

travel around to different conferences

practice take weekends away from home

and finally of course buy a business

casual wardrobe

and that’s not accessible to everybody

and then on the other hand you have

summer sessions and summer academies

these are often very highly selective

again

expecting people to already have this

amount of prior

information about international

relations before they apply and they can

be incredibly expensive

so i fall into this latter category i

had no formal international relations

education during my time in u.s public

schools

so the summer of my junior year i

applied to a two-week long intensive

crash course program in ir

had a 30 global acceptance rate and a 6

500

price tag for two weeks and the bottom

line of all this is that had i not

gotten very generous financial aid

i would not have been able to attend

this program and for me that was my only

chance to learn about ir

so no aid equals no program fortunately

i got some very generous aid

so i went to the program and let me tell

you i had the best time

i absolutely loved it this program

completely

blew my mind and i ran the whole gamut

of everything that’s stereotypical about

international affairs

so i read like sun zoos the art of war

learned about the un and the world bank

and the international monetary fund

i did a crisis simulation as an acting

member of the kenyan government

things i never really thought i would be

doing i learned the word hegemony means

all types of things like that and i had

an amazing time and after that program

i thought i knew it all about ir i

thought i kind of had it had it nailed

down the patent in the bag

so i set my sights on it i was already

determined to restructure all my college

applications

around this newfound passion that i just

discovered and i thought it could be

pretty easy

so again changed my whole plan was

determined to do this in college

and didn’t see a reason why my interest

in education would not be

easily fit into this new scheme of

international affairs so i got to

college and here’s my five year plan i

had it all laid out

summer after my first year i’ve done an

internship at the un simple

summer after my sophomore year i’d get a

return offer at the un even simpler

summer after my junior year i’d be

promoted to assistant secretary general

of

something and then after graduation i

personally would be one of three on the

shortlist to be the next secretary

general of the united nations

easy right can anyone guess what

happened

certainly not that so i basically got to

college

and realized almost immediately three

things number one

my plan was absolutely ridiculous number

two

that this whole plan that i had laid out

did not include my interest in education

that i was so dedicated to prior to

attending the summer program

and number three that this debate that i

imagined was already rich and laid out

between international affairs and

education

did not exist at all so having fallen

from grace from my diplomatic

aspirations

i was sad and i was discouraged because

i really thought that i

got the full sense of what i wanted only

to realize that that wasn’t what i was

practically going after at all but even

so throughout all of this i really still

believe that there was a deep connection

between international affairs

and education and i didn’t want to give

that up so i reconfigured my approach a

little bit

so i knew that the disconnect between

the two fields was a problem in my own

community

so i kind of redirected all my energy

and started there

and my mother always told me that if you

want something done right you just have

to do it yourself

so that is what i did

and this began with a program called

hemispheres uh it was talked a little

bit about before but hemispheres would

end up being

the most rewarding and fulfilling

experience that i’ve had in my whole

time in college

it is a non-profit teaching group under

the yale international relations

association that provides free weekly

classes and international affairs to

local new haven high school students

and when i first got to yale i started

applying to a bunch of things as you do

to make friends kind of foiling around

like a fish on the water

and i found chemistry and i thought this

is great there’s this pulp cloud that so

seamlessly

mends together my two interests in

education studies and international

affairs

but i didn’t really get the whole story

at first that was kind of all that i got

i thought this is nice this is education

that just happens to be about ir

i never associated hemispheres with

being ir and it wasn’t until a couple of

weeks in

that i started to realize the really

disruptive and innovative work that

hemispheres was doing

what they were doing was disrupting the

knowledge pipeline of who gets to learn

about international relations

they are providing free classes to

students who otherwise would not have a

chance to develop the literacy in ir

therefore giving them a whole new seat

at a whole new conversation that these

students would have never

been a part of and i thought that was

amazing

so fortunately i had the privilege of

being appointed their director for the

2017-2018 year

and along with a team of three other

incredible yale undergrads

we poured ourselves into expanding

hemispheres as widely as possible

so throughout the year from 2016 to 2018

we went from having 20 students

attending each week to 70

offered from two to four classes per

week and increased

from serving three to ten schools around

the new haven area

and this is really when i started to

think wow maybe ir isn’t exactly what i

thought it was before

because here i was disrupting this

pipeline and changing the normative

culture

about who gets to learn about ir and for

that matter what ire even is

but it was happening in a classroom on a

friday afternoon with pizza

it was not in the hallowed halls in the

state department in a business casual

cat suit

so my role is kind of being flipped

around

and then it happened even more so so

then in the fall of 2018

i began to work as a student liaison for

the yale world fellows program

this is a program wherein global leaders

from all around the world come to yale

to serve as visiting fellows essentially

for one semester

and when i looked around at the fellows

i was suddenly surrounded

by 20 of people who had become my

coolest best friends ever

but also 20-ish people who became global

leaders by first starting in their

communities

and identifying problems that they had

access to and personal stake in

so looking around they didn’t look like

this traditional career diplomat that i

thought

encapsulated and embodied ir it was

totally different

the people around me had made jumps

between industries they had taken time

to take care of their families and even

start families

and they really started their work at

home yet now they were global leadership

they were international relations again

this whole idea of what ir was supposed

to be in my mind was totally

flipping around in seeing the fellows

their boldness

and their ability to disrupt empowered

and inspired me

to then pursue a different type of ir

because the diplomacy that i thought was

normative was not something that i could

fit into

myself so

what we think international relations

should be is in essence limiting

what it actually could be if ir were

wider it were a wider field that was

spread out

more in different fields we could have a

more comprehensive education about it

and more students could have the tools

to interact with the world beyond their

doorstep

to identify things that they think are

wrong to stand by things that they think

are right

and to ultimately speak the language of

effecting change and this should not

just be limited again to those who are

able to access it

so i kind of took a cue from this lesson

myself and i began to in the past year

or so work with iris integrated refugee

and immigrant services it’s

connecticut’s largest refugee

resettlement agency

and now i spend my time mentoring young

adults and helping them learn how to

self-advocate and thrive and remove

schooling environments that are

worlds away from where they were now in

the us safe from persecution

that is international relations and a

couple of years ago that is not

something i ever would have attributed

to being part of this field that i

previously thought

was so narrow and i really wish that it

didn’t take me such a long time to

realize this it shouldn’t have taken me

such a

reality slap in the face when i realized

how absurd my five year plan was

to open my mind to all this different

world that ir could be

but it did and i’m glad that now i’m

here at this point to realize that ir

has many faces yes it’s definitely

happening happening at the un

in the state department and among the

foreign service but it’s also happening

in a hemisphere’s classroom

weekly on fridays from three to five

it’s also happening among the world

fellows

and it’s also happening at iris during

english language classes

ir has a lot of faces so long as we can

contribute it to them

so a lot of things have changed in the

grand scheme of my time

in college and what i was up to um but

some things have not also

i still go back to this introduction of

introducing myself as hi i’m susie i

study political science and education

studies

focusing on nationalism and genocide

studies and yes

i still say that because it is still

true that is just what i study

but now i’m not saying that to prove

that anything is connected to anybody

i’m saying that now because i’m proud of

the work that i’ve done to ideologically

expand the definition of what

ir is and my students and my co-teachers

and my mentors all know that

because they were there along the way to

help force that path when nobody else

was

and we’re seeing results from it too so

just last week in the hemisphere’s class

on social movements we were learning

about the us’s involvement in latin

america

during the cold war era and we asked the

students are you surprised by this

because we know that they’re not

learning this in their social studies

curriculum at school

and one of the students responded no of

course not whatever i just learned that

hemispheres last year

that is what a broader definition of ir

could be so when i introduced myself to

people now yeah i still want to confuse

them by putting into conversation

international affairs and conflict with

school but again

not to prove anything to anyone instead

i want to show that i’m someone who

wants to complicate someone else’s

worldview

and for the sake of having a more

exclusive

inclusive definition of how we coexist

with each other and how we follow those

rules

i hope that they will apply the same

exact thing to me thank you

you

[音乐]

好吧,正如 sarah 刚才在

我的介绍中所说,我认为现在就从介绍

中开始是个好主意,

所以我认为大多数

人,尤其是学生

在他们生命中的某个阶段已经

做好了准备

对大多数人来说

,在新

环境中进行介绍,

这通常与姓名一致 简介

有点像这样 嗨,我的名字是

susie veal,我学习政治学

和教育研究

,重点是民族主义和种族灭绝

研究

学习了,

第二部分

更具有战略

意义 st 印象,一旦你说出来,他们

就会立即开始思考,

所以让我们解开一点 susie

女人

政治学通识教育

研究

甜蜜或良性

,但当我说我也研究

教育和种族灭绝时,我想让人们知道 研究和

冲突

是我很认真,

对国际关系和教育之间的真正联系是认真的

,我明白这一点

,用一个非常挑衅的词,

比如危害人类罪或

种族灭绝

,你可以立即激怒人们

建立这种联系

在那一刻别人的眼里当然我

相信教育和国际

关系是相关的,

但实际上不

应该提到危害人类

罪让其他人

在他们的脑海中产生同样的联系

我们经常看到国际

关系 凭借国际一词

和教育作为家庭或国内的方式,但

实际上这两个领域是实际的 它们相互塑造

,它们在实践和理论上都非常相关,

因此实际上教育和

国际关系是一致的,因为

学校是人们政治社会化的主要场所,

人们上学成为

公民,然后与周围的整个世界互动,

并且 从理论上讲,一切

本质上都是外交,

无论是谈判利益,

国际对不起,人际关系

还是向某些人代表自己,

他们的关系非常密切,

但在美国,

在美国公立学校接受国际关系教育的机会

非常有限,而且

部分不平等 这是因为我们对具体应该

是什么国际关系都有如此狭窄的定义,

所以如果我们

更多地开放它,也许我们能够

教授更多关于跨领域国际关系的知识

,这是一个国家问题,所以

普遍 社会研究的核心标准

完全没有提及国际

关系全球或区域研究

或世界地理

,这导致了管道

问题,

因此学校到国际关系

管道实际上已经成为一所学校到

职业外交管道

,这是因为那些

遇到国际关系的人

他们公立学校的教育

实际上只是在理解最狭义

的外交官 从事

国际关系的人 我在说

联合国 我在说智库 我在说

外交服务

美国

最重要的外交来源

外交部门本身的人口统计数据反映了这个问题,正如你

这里的这些统计数据中看到的那样,美国

国务院 2016 年职业外交官

只有 18% 是非白人,而

在 美国

在 2010 年人口普查中

占 28% 职业外交官中只有 40

% 是女性,

而在美国,有 51 名公民

是女性,所以你可以看到,

出国代表

美国人和

美国的人之间显然存在脱节,这是因为在

这种狭隘的定义中

谁可以访问它,谁实践

它,

所以我将提示大家

想象一个更具包容性

的国际

关系定义会是什么样子,如果我们可以扩展

我们所认为的国际关系,

也许我们可以阐明对国际关系的需求

对那些不只是想

进入国务院成为

职业外交官,而只是想

与周围世界接触的

人进行更广泛的教育 使

世界变得更美好的工具

不应仅限于那些 很

幸运,或者有能力

遇到

并负担得起他们,但不幸的是,在美国,

我们还没有到那里,因此当

人们试图

寻找任何类型的 educat 时 离子和

国际关系

他们主要寻找的是

补充计划,

例如模拟联合国或暑期

课程和暑期学院

,而这些补充

计划的问题是,虽然可以肯定的

是,它们需要大量额外的时间

和有关国际关系的先验知识

大量时间用于练习

和准备,最后还有很多

钱,所以模拟联合国

项目真的很令人兴奋,

但最重要的是,他们经常

为有时间和金钱旅行的超学术和

外向的学生自我选择

参加不同的会议

练习 周末离开家

,最后当然要买一个商务

休闲衣橱

,这不是每个人都能买到的

,另一方面,你有

暑期课程和暑期学院,

这些通常非常有

选择性 在申请

之前,

有关国际

关系的大量先验信息 而且它们

可能非常昂贵,

所以我属于后一类

我在美国公立学校期间没有接受过正式的国际关系教育,

所以在我大三的夏天,我

申请了一个为期两周

的 IR 强化速成课程

30 的全球录取率和 6

500 的

价格标签为期两周

,所有这一切的底线是,如果我没有

得到非常慷慨的经济援助,

我将无法参加

这个项目,对我来说,这是我唯一的

学习机会 关于 ir

所以没有援助就等于没有计划 幸运的是,

我得到了一些非常慷慨的援助,

所以我参加了该计划,让我告诉

你,我度过了最美好的时光,

我非常喜欢它这个计划

完全

让我大吃一惊,我完成了

所有的一切 对国际事务的刻板印象,

所以我像太阳动物园一样阅读战争艺术

了解联合国、世界银行

和国际货币基金组织

我作为肯尼亚的代理

成员进行了危机模拟 政府的

事情,我从来没有想过我会

做我学到了霸权这个词意味着

所有类型的事情,我度过

了一段美好的时光,在那个节目之后,

我以为我对 ir 了如指掌,我

以为我已经把它钉牢了

放下包里的专利,

所以我把目光投向了

它 在大学里

,没有看到为什么我

对教育的兴趣不会

轻易融入这个新的国际事务计划,

所以我上了

大学,这是我的五年计划,

我在第一年之后的夏天把它全部安排好了,我 我

在大二后的联合国简单

暑期实习 我

将在联合国更简单的

暑假获得回报 大三之后我将

被提升为

某事的助理秘书长,然后毕业后 我

个人将成为下一任联合国秘书长候选名单上的三个人之一

很容易,任何人都可以猜到发生了什么,

当然不是,所以我基本上上了

大学

,几乎立即意识到三

件事情第一,

我的计划是绝对荒谬的 第二

,我制定的整个计划

不包括我在参加暑期课程之前对教育的兴趣

,第三,我

想象的这场辩论已经很丰富,并

在国际事务和

教育之间展开

根本不存在,所以

从我的外交

抱负中

失宠了 但即便

如此,在所有这一切中,我真的仍然

相信国际事务和教育之间有着深厚的联系

, 我不想

放弃,所以我稍微重新配置了我的方法,

所以我知道这

两个领域之间的脱节是我自己社区的一个问题,

所以我把所有的精力都转移

到了那里

,我妈妈总是告诉我 我说,如果你

想把事情做好,你只需要

自己

做,这就是我所做的

,这始于一个名为

hemispheres 的项目,呃,之前有人

谈过,但 hemispheres

最终会

成为最有价值和最充实的

体验 我

在大学的整个时间里,

它是耶鲁国际关系协会下属的一个非营利性教学团体

,为

当地纽黑文高中学生提供免费的每周课程

和国际事务,当我第一次来到耶鲁时,我开始

申请 做一堆事情,就像

你做朋友

一样,就像水上的鱼一样

,我发现了化学,我觉得

这很棒,这种纸浆云是如此

无缝

我将我对教育研究和国际事务的两个兴趣融合在一起

但一开始我并没有真正了解整个故事

,这就是我

所了解的一切

hemispheres

成为 ir,直到

几周后

,我才开始意识到 hemispheres 所做的真正具有

颠覆性和创新性的

工作正在破坏他们正在提供

的谁可以了解国际关系的知识管道

没有

机会发展 IR 素养的学生提供免费课程,

因此在这些学生永远不会参与的全新对话中为他们提供了一个全新的席位

,我认为这

太棒了

,幸运的是我有 有幸

被任命为

2017-2018 年

的主管,并与其他三位

令人难以置信的耶鲁大学本科生一起,

我们倾注了自己的心血

尽可能广泛地扩展半球,

因此从 2016 年到 2018 年全年,

我们从每周 20 名

学生到

每周 2 到 4 节课的 70 名学生,

从为新港区周围的 3 到 10 所学校提供服务

,这真的是 当我开始

想哇,也许 ir 并不是我

以前想的那样,

因为在这里我破坏了这条

管道并改变了

关于谁可以了解 ir 的规范文化,而且对于

那件事,愤怒甚至是什么,

但它正在发生在

星期五下午的一间教室里有披萨,

它不在国务院的神圣大厅

里穿着商务休闲

猫套装,

所以我的角色有点被翻转

,然后它发生得更是如此,

所以在 2018 年秋天,

我开始了

作为耶鲁大学世界研究员项目的学生联络员,

这是一个项目,

来自世界各地的全球领导人来到耶鲁大学

担任访问研究员,主要是

为了一个人 一个学期

,当我环顾四周时,

我突然

被 20 人包围了,他们已经成为我

有史以来最酷的最好的朋友

,还有 20 多岁的人,他们

首先从他们的社区开始

,发现他们可以

接触到的问题并成为全球领导者,并且 个人利益

如此环顾四周,他们看起来不像

是我

认为

封装和体现的传统职业外交官

他们真的在家里开始了他们的工作,

但现在他们成为了全球领导者,

他们再次成为国际关系者

然后我追求另一种类型的国际关系,

因为我认为是

规范的外交不是什么东西 我可以

适应

我自己,所以

我们认为国际关系

应该是本质上限制

它实际上可能是什么,如果国际关系

更广泛,它是一个更广泛的领域,

更多地分布在不同的领域,我们可以对它进行

更全面的教育,

并且 更多的学生可以拥有

与家门口的世界互动的工具,

以识别他们认为

错误的事情,支持他们认为正确的事情,

并最终说出

影响变革的语言,这

不应该再次仅限于那些 谁

能够访问它,

所以我自己从这节课中得到了

启发,在过去一年左右的时间里,我

开始与 iris 综合难民

和移民服务机构合作,它是

康涅狄格州最大的难民

安置机构

,现在我花时间指导

年轻人 并帮助他们学习如何

自我倡导和茁壮成长,并消除

与他们现在在美国相距甚远的学校教育环境

免受

国际关系的迫害,

几年前,

我不会将其归因

于成为这个领域的一部分,我以前认为这个领域

是如此狭窄,我真的希望它

不会花费我这么长时间

意识到这一点,

当我意识到

我的五年计划是多么荒谬时,我不应该让我意识到这一点,让

我对这个完全不同的世界敞开心扉,

但它确实做到了,我很高兴现在

我在这一点上意识到

ir 有很多

面孔 世界

同学们

,这也发生在 iris 的

英语课上

知道我在做什么,但

有些事情还没有,

我仍然回到这个介绍

自我的介绍中,我是苏西,我

学习政治学和教育

研究,

重点是民族主义和种族灭绝

研究,是的,

我仍然这么说,因为它 仍然是

真的,这正是我研究的内容,

但现在我并不是为了证明

任何事物都与任何人有关,

我现在这么说是因为我为

我在意识形态上扩展定义的工作感到自豪

ir 是什么,我的学生、我的合作老师

和我的导师都知道这一点,

因为他们一直在那里

帮助推动这条道路,而其他人都

没有,

而且我们也看到了它的结果,

所以上周在半球的课堂上

关于社会运动,我们正在了解

美国

在冷战时期参与拉丁美洲的活动,我们问

学生们对此是否感到惊讶,

因为我们知道他们

在学校的社会研究课程中没有学习到这一点,

并且 一名学生回答说不,

当然不是什么,我去年刚刚了解到

半球

,这是对 ir 的更广泛定义,

所以当我现在向人们介绍自己时,

是的,我仍然想

通过谈论

国际事务和冲突来混淆他们 与

学校一起,但再次

不是为了向任何人证明任何事情,而是

我想表明我是一个

想要使别人的世界观复杂化的人

,并且为了对

我们如何彼此共存以及我们如何遵循这些有一个更独特的包容性定义

规则

我希望他们能

对我应用同样的东西谢谢你