Disruptive experiences make us who we are

[Applause]

hello everyone

i would like to share with you

some of my experiences

the most disruptive ones um

so the the first big challenge i faced

was becoming a grand master

until 1987 no india had ever

become a grandmaster what is involved in

becoming a grandmaster is simply

completing a certain number of

grandmaster performances

and if you finish enough performances

over a certain number of games that used

to be 24 then

you get the title after that

it’s like a doctorate you know you keep

it for life but

attaining it was a big challenge

in my first tournament when i seriously

started trying for it

i actually came very close and i missed

the norm by only

half a point you know if i was so close

in my first attempt

perhaps in a couple of attempts i’ll

make it

but in fact it was much harder than that

that whole year of 1986 i kept

missing the norm sometimes

by half a point sometimes by more but

luckily

school intervened and i have run up very

close to my

last two exams so which is going to

happen in march april of course

and so in december

i had to stop my chest completely

and one of the nice the pleasant things

about this

was that i couldn’t even blame myself

something like the plus two exams uh

well what can you do you have to turn up

and you have to do it right

so uh i didn’t have to feel guilty about

the fact that i was

not spending any time on chess

and the nice thing was that in april

i don’t i don’t recall another time when

i was so hungry to play chess

as april 1987.

having finished my school exams i had to

go and play a zonal tournament

um then i started again

playing in uh events where i could make

a grand master norm

and life just resumed on the way to the

grand master title

an even better thing happened to me so i

was trying to become the first indian to

ever become a grandmaster

and suddenly i

to my surprise as well i ended up being

becoming the first asian

ever to win the world junior

championship and

that was a really nice boost because

i had gone into the tournament without

expecting anything i mean i felt there

were stronger players

so i would just see how it went but

after the sixth round i was leading and

after that the only thing i could do and

think was

what could possibly go wrong this was

fantastic because

this was an achievement which very very

few people had

and at that point

the last three world champions had all

been virginia champions so there was

even some kind of historical uh

backup for this another two events where

things didn’t go according to plan

and then finally in december i played

two tournaments

coincidentally both were held in india

and i finished my title

after all the time of missing it

suddenly it came almost again

too easily okay what’s the disruption

you went to school

but uh sometimes we find it difficult to

take a break

in our you know pause in our lives

and chance to focus on my school exams

was very very good because the next year

a lot of the doubt and hesitation in my

playhead

had simply passed so that

was one pleasant event

that i remembered then the next question

was what should i aim for

after this i mean a few months of being

a grandmaster already told me

that it’s quite hard to do things

without some sort of goal in front of

you

so what should i do exactly

and it seemed to me that i should begin

to uh play for the world championships

there was really that was the obvious

thing

and because it was such a general goal

in the sense that

there were like five or six hurdles that

had to be crossed to get there it’s not

just one event

i had to first qualify geographically

speaking

into higher and higher groups then i

would have to become one of the last 16

the last 16 would play knockout matches

still one player was remaining and this

player would challenge the world

champions

i had a couple of very wonderful years

you know the way i remember it because

as a young grandmaster and as a world

junior champion

a lot of those were opening for me i had

very pleasant uh

invitations chance opportunities chances

and so on

and uh steadily i was making progress

once again um in 1990 i suddenly had

this jump

which was um i played the interzonal

i i felt i would still need a lot more

experience

and out of a 14 round event

by round nine or ten i was somewhere in

the middle lost in the back

but suddenly i had

three wins in a row and lo and behold i

found myself

only needing a draw to qualify for the

[Music]

for the last 16 in the world

championship the connection i see

between these two early successes is

simply

the fact that sometimes you need to give

things

a chance to work themselves out you

focus on

getting better you focus on doing what

you

do and you have the patience and the

confidence and

things will work out as long as you’re

enjoying yourself and

you’re moving forward

then the first big change

well of course it was a global change

but it had a particular

resonance in chess was the fact that at

the end of

uh 91 the

soviet union disappeared

initially it seems like there was a lot

of competition uh

because um you know you could be number

eight or nine in the soviet union and

you’d still be one of the best players

in the world

so imagine all of them suddenly

traveling around trying to play

tournaments

uh some emigrated um started working

with youngsters

a big kind of change in the chess world

happened

and i made a friend i made friends with

a lot of them i mean initially

they were kind of mysterious world to me

but i made a friend made friends with a

lot of them

in fact most of my best trainers were

you know people who grew up in the

soviet union and then moved to other

countries

i worked with one friend who was in

belgium one was in

germany one who was in spain uh

interacted a lot i

gained a lot of knowledge from them

including how to think

how to learn and this opportunity would

simply have been lacking

two to three years before

so change sometimes can it’s not only

how many doors it closes it’s also how

many doors it opens

another big change was starting to

appear this was the computer revolution

by this i mean this trend of first

everyone having

a computer to work with and then around

about 93 94

i joined some private somebody told me

if you

join this group called compuserv there

they will

they post every week all the games

played in the world and they’re

collecting all that

and so i started to work with that at

that point

it just seemed like a wonderful thing i

was

let’s say a little bit relaxed or lazy

and i didn’t like

putting a lot of games and putting a lot

of material but here

all i had to do was to import the stuff

into my computer and i can work on it

and

the first chest playing engines appeared

of course very very weak

but they you could use them

at roughly the level that we use

calculators in our life which is just to

make sure the

boring stuff you are a check or

something like that

but in about two or three years

they became strong enough to beat us in

the faster time controls

then another two years later

uh they got strong enough that they

actually

beat the best chess players in matches

and

by the end of that decade they had

simply stopped losing to humans i mean

man versus machine contests

essentially disappeared around about 99

2000

because there was no interest there was

no point

um this was disappointing because at the

beginning

it seemed like just something useful and

made you more productive

nice thing but here suddenly it

changed everything

first of all it meant that you couldn’t

rely on your natural understanding for

everything anymore

generally before uh if i felt that i

knew something better than

my opponent i could rely on that and i

could

you know go to the game confident that

i’d probably be able to outplay

my opponent uh but now i have to take

into account well wait what if

the computer suggested something that uh

overalls

so you i had to incorporate that into

my learning so

by the year 2000 we couldn’t uh we had

to think of an idea and then

just give it to the computer to see uh

what it would tell us

you know was it right or wrong was there

a detail we left out

or not um

and then a few years later we got to

these artificial intelligence neural

nets

and those completely started to rewrite

the whole

game and the way we played it and so

this whole time

it’s not so much that the computers are

stronger than us

at some point it becomes a question of

is this plane faster than that plane but

that’s irrelevant from a human’s

perspective because

the most primitive plane was much faster

than us already

and the other thing is because the

computer

almost always tells you that

some part of your understanding of chess

is wrong uh

this also there’s a there’s a lot of ego

involved there’s a lot of internal

resistance to

even emotional resistance i’d say if

there’s something i learned when i was

17 years old

from my first opponent or something like

that

this has an emotional component to it

and when the computer contradicts that

and you have to do things differently

it’s hard the first time and you resent

it you try to prove it wrong you know

you

spend a dollar a lot of time like that

but once you finally get past that

you find that it’s a powerful thing the

ability to

[Music]

take all the things you know and say

wait i’m not sure about this

i’m you know i’ll keep an open mind and

let me see what i can learn from this

that attitude is uh the most important

thing that you can have

of course it was a huge disruption in

fact computers are greater than the

world of chess so to speak

but at the same time i would say that

[Music]

because it happened slowly we had time

to adjust

there are other moments where something

happens in your life

which you know totally comes out of the

blue

and you know you’re unprepared for

and then you know it’s on you and how do

you recover from those

um i remember one particular

it was when my mother passed away so

there was no sign of

uh i mean she wasn’t she was not

particularly ill or anything

we spoke quite nicely the previous day

and then suddenly

one morning my father called me and said

come quickly

and that was one of the

hardest things that you can ever deal

with

you have there is no way you can imagine

that

um till it hits you

and the problem was just how to uh

find some you know meaning to your uh

life in that stage i uh

nothing seemed very important anymore

you you would almost give anything else

to get a chance

to be with her again but at the same

time life has to continue yo

as cruel as it sounds you have to put it

aside and

move on and i think in an emotional

level that’s probably the hardest thing

that i’ve dealt with um

very i mean my first tournament i would

literally

uh feel quite cheerful when i went for

the game

so i was able to block thoughts uh out

during the game

but then when i got back uh you would

follow

fall apart again and you know in the

privacy of your room

and this was a recurring process

it’s not something you can train for

and obviously but i just mean to say

that

that kind of emotional turmoil as well

can affect you for a very

uh long time and your ability to

you know put it in some pocket in one

part of your life and then

move on is how you deal with it

and finally let’s come to one of the

biggest disruptions of all which is

this pandemic

there has been nothing that i can

compare it to in my life

despite all the travel i’ve had

and all the events i have witnessed

first of all in january this year if you

ask me to predict i don’t think

if i had a thousand tries i would have

come up with a scenario like this

even though the concept has been

floating around but it feels like you

know one of these movies about an

asteroid hitting the earth

it’s so unlikely you can’t take it

seriously when you think about it

and this even more than a school exam

uh it has the feel of something which

uh stops your life but in a way

it’s nice that you don’t have to blame

yourself for this uh

this was simply one of those things

above and beyond us

you don’t have to feel guilty about

anything but

you still have to decide how you’re

going to go forward

i thought to myself well every every

year i tell myself oh it’d be nice if i

spend more time with the family i i

took things a little bit easier so let

me

do that and i actually at least managed

to do a little bit of that

that’s maybe the positive thing here

the second thing is it’s it’s very nice

sometimes to step back

and a step back is not stopping your

career it’s more in the

range of pausing

and letting your brain put

its affairs in order uh there’s a lot of

stuff always going in our heads

and when you have some time sometimes

you get some clarity and things work out

so it’s not clear when the patterning

will come to an end even though

it at least appears that there are some

signs of hope

but by now i think uh you know get as

much

useful work done

don’t have unrealistic ideas of what you

can achieve

just because we have six months it

doesn’t mean we gotta i mean all of us

know that

just because we had six months before

our school exams we didn’t do a better

job

than otherwise there’s a certain float

there’s a certain

way of motivating ourselves and we’re

working which will always take

precedence

but um one day

things were returned to normal just like

we couldn’t predict when things would

shut down we cannot predict when things

will open up either

but one day when things get back to

normal then we must be ready to

start again so i think

the main thing is to understand that

it’s very hard for us to

predict and write very precise plans but

that doesn’t mean we

shouldn’t do the things which will be

right in almost all scenarios learning

new things is never going to be a wrong

decision

taking time out to feel better about

yourself is never going to be a wrong

decision so those are the sort of things

we can do now

and hopefully that’s the way forward at

least that’s what i’m

working on right now

[掌声]

大家好,

我想和你们分享

一些我的

经历,最颠覆性的,嗯,

所以我面临的第一个大挑战

是成为大师,

直到 1987 年,印度从来没有

成为大师 成为大师所涉及

的内容 只是

完成了一定数量的

大师级表演

,如果你在

过去 24 场的一定数量的比赛中完成了足够多的表演,

那么

你之后就获得了头衔,

这就像你知道你知道你

可以终身保留它的博士学位,但

获得它是一个很大的

在我的第一次比赛中挑战,当我认真

开始尝试时,

我实际上非常接近,我

只错过了

半分你知道如果我

在我的第一次尝试中如此接近,

也许在几次尝试中我会成功

但是 事实上,这比

1986 年的那一整年要困难得多,我

有时会偏离标准,

有时会超过半个点,但

幸运的是

学校的干预,我已经非常

接近我的目标了

最后两次考试

,当然这将在三月四月发生

,所以在十二月

我不得不完全停止我的胸膛

,其中一件令人愉快的事情

是我什至不能责怪自己

像加两次考试这样的事情

嗯,你能做什么,你必须出现

,你必须做对,

所以我不必为我

没有花任何时间在国际象棋上

而感到内疚,而且好消息是四月份

我没有 我不记得还有一次像 1987 年 4 月那样

我非常渴望下国际象棋

完成学校考试后,我不得不

去参加区域

锦标赛 大师规范

和生活刚刚在获得特级大师头衔的路上重新开始,

一件更好的事情发生在我身上,所以

我试图成为第一个成为特级大师的印度人

,突然间

,令我惊讶的是,我最终

成为了第一个 亚洲人

曾经赢得世界青少年

冠军 ionship,

这是一个非常好的提升,因为

我在没有任何期待的情况下参加了比赛

去做并

思考可能会出错的事情这

太棒了,因为

这是一项很少有人拥有的成就,

而在

那时,最后三个世界冠军

都是弗吉尼亚州冠军,所以

甚至还有某种历史性的呃

备份 两场

比赛没有按计划进行

,最后在 12 月,我巧合地参加了

两场比赛,

这两场比赛都在印度举行

,我

在错过了一段时间后完成了我的冠军头衔,

它几乎又来

得太容易了,好吧,你有什么

干扰 去上学了,

但是有时候我们发现很难

在我们的生活中休息

一下 很好,因为第二

年我的播放头中的很多怀疑和犹豫

都过去了,所以这

是我记得的一件愉快的事情

,然后下一个问题

是我应该

在这之后的目标是什么,我的意思是

已经告诉了我成为大师的几个月 我

觉得

在你面前没有目标的情况下很难做事,

所以我应该怎么做

从某种意义上说,

这是一个如此普遍的目标,以至于必须跨越五六个障碍

才能到达那里。这

不仅仅是一个事件,

我必须首先在地理上获得资格

进入越来越高的群体,然后

我必须成为其中之一 过去 16 强

16 强将打淘汰赛

仍然剩下一名球员,这名

球员将挑战世界

冠军

我度过了非常美好的几年,

你知道我记得它的方式,

因为 一个年轻的大师和作为一个世界

青年

冠军,很多人都为我打开了我有

非常愉快的

邀请机会机会机会

等等

,嗯稳步我再次取得进步

,嗯,在 1990 年我突然有了

这个跳跃

,嗯,我 参加了跨区赛

ii 觉得我仍然需要更多

经验

,在 14 轮比赛中,

到第 9 轮或第 10 轮时,我

在中间的某个地方输了,

但突然间我连续

三场胜利,瞧,我

发现了 我自己

只需要抽签就可以

在世界锦标赛的最后 16 强中获得 [音乐]

我看到

这两个早期成功之间的联系

只是一个事实,即有时你需要

给事情一个解决问题的机会,你

专注于

获得 更好的是,你专注于做你正在做的

事情,你有耐心和

信心,

只要你

玩得开心,

你会继续前进,

那么事情

就会成功 这是一个全球性的变化,

但它

在国际象棋中引起了特别的共鸣,那就是

在 uh 91 结束时,

苏联最初消失了

,似乎有

很多竞争,嗯,

因为嗯,你知道你可能是

八号或九号 在苏联,

你仍然是世界上最好的

棋手之一,

所以想象一下,他们突然

四处奔波,试图参加

比赛,

呃,一些移民开始

和年轻人一起工作,

国际象棋世界发生了巨大的变化

,我 交了一个朋友 我

和他们中的很多人交了朋友 我的意思是最初

他们对我来说是一个神秘的世界

但我交了一个朋友 和他们中的很多人交了朋友

事实上我最好的培训师大部分都是

你认识的人

苏联然后搬到其他

国家

我和一位在

比利时的朋友一起在

德国一位在西班牙的朋友

交流了很多我

从他们那里学到了很多知识

包括如何思考

如何学习 d 这个机会

两到三年之前根本就没有,

所以有时会发生变化,它不仅

关上了

多少扇门,还有它打开

了多少扇门 首先

每个人都有

一台电脑可以使用,然后

大约 93 94

我加入了一些私人的人告诉我,

如果你

加入这个名为 compuserv 的小组,

他们会

每周发布

世界上所有玩过的游戏,他们正在

收集所有这些

所以我开始在那个时候开始工作,

这似乎是一件很棒的事情,我可以

说有点放松或懒惰

,我不喜欢

放很多游戏和放

很多材料,但

我只有这里 要做的是将这些东西

导入我的电脑,我可以在上面工作

,第一个胸部演奏引擎

当然看起来非常非常弱,

但它们你可以

在我们使用计算器的大致水平上使用它们

在我们的生活中,这只是为了

确保

无聊的东西你是支票或

类似的东西,

但在大约两三年内,

他们变得足够强大,可以

在更快的时间控制中击败我们,

然后再过两年,

他们变得足够强大,以至于 他们

实际上

在比赛中击败了最好的国际象棋选手,

到那个十年结束时,他们已经

不再

输给人类了 一

开始

它似乎只是一些有用的东西,

让你更有效率的

好东西,但突然间它

改变了一切,

首先这意味着你不能再

依赖你对一切的自然理解

,如果我觉得我

知道一些更好的东西 比

我的对手,我可以依靠它,我

能知道去比赛吗,

我可能会战胜

我的对手,嗯 但是现在我必须

考虑好,等等,

如果计算机建议了一些

工作服,

那么你我必须将其纳入

我的学习中,所以

到 2000 年我们不能,我们

不得不想出一个想法

然后给出 它到计算机上看看 呃

它会告诉我们什么

你知道它是对还是错 有没有

我们遗漏的细节

然后几年后我们得到了

这些人工智能神经

网络 那些完全开始

重写 整个

游戏和我们玩它的方式,所以

这整个

时间并不是说计算机

在某些时候比我们强,

而是这个飞机是否比那个飞机快,但这

从人类的角度来看是无关紧要的,

因为最原始的 飞机

已经比我们快得多了

,另一件事是因为

计算机

几乎总是告诉你

你对国际象棋的某些理解

是错误

即使是情绪上的阻力,我也会说,

如果我在

17 岁时

从我的第一个对手那里学到了一些东西,或者类似的东西

这里面有情绪成分,

而当计算机与此相矛盾时

,你必须 以

不同的方式做事第一次很难,你会

反感你试图证明它是错误的

把你知道的所有事情都说出来

等等我不确定

我知道我会保持开放的心态

让我看看我能从中学到

什么态度是你可以拥有的最重要的

东西

当然这是一个巨大的破坏,

事实上计算机比

国际象棋世界更伟大,

但同时我会说

[音乐]

因为它发生得很慢,我们有

时间调整,

还有其他一些时刻

发生在你的 生活

w 你知道完全出乎意料

,你知道你没有准备好

,然后你知道它在你身上,你如何

从那些中恢复过来,

嗯,我记得有一个

特别是当我母亲去世的时候,所以

没有任何迹象

我的意思是她不是她

不是特别病,或者

前一天我们说得很好

,然后突然

有一天早上我父亲打电话给我

说快点来

,这

是你能应付的最困难的事情之一

是你无法想象的

直到它击中你

,问题是如何

找到一些你知道的对你的

生命意义的那个阶段我呃

没有什么似乎不再重要了

你几乎会付出任何其他事情

来获得机会

再次和她在一起,但

与此同时,生活必须继续

,你必须把它

放在一边,

继续前进,我认为在情感

层面上,这可能是我处理过的最困难的事情

,嗯,

我 意味着我的第一个

urnament 当我去参加比赛时,我真的会感到非常高兴,

所以我能够在比赛期间阻止思想,

但是当我回来时,你会

再次崩溃,你知道在

你的房间的隐私

和这个 是一个反复出现的过程,

这不是你可以训练的

,很明显,但我只是想说

那种情绪波动

也会影响你很

长一段时间,你知道你的能力

把它放在某个口袋

里 你的生活,然后

继续前进是你如何处理它

,最后让我们来谈谈

最大的破坏之一,那就是

这场流行病

在今年 1 月首先目睹的所有事件,如果你

让我预测,我不认为

如果我有一千次尝试,我会

想出这样的场景,

即使这个概念一直在

流传,但是 感觉就像你 你

知道其中一部关于

一颗小行星撞击地球的电影,

当你想到它时,你不可能不认真对待它

,这甚至比学校考试更重要,

它有一种

呃停止你生命的感觉,但在

很好,你不必为此责备

自己,嗯,

这只是我们之上和之外的事情之一,

你不必对任何事情感到内疚,

你仍然必须决定你

将如何前进

我每年都对自己想

好我告诉自己哦,如果我能

花更多的时间和家人在一起就好

了我让事情变得更轻松所以

让我这样做,实际上我至少

设法做到了一点

这也许是积极

的事情第二件事是有时退后是非常好的

退后并不会停止你的

职业生涯,它更多的是在

暂停

和让你的大脑

整理事务的范围内,嗯,总是有很多

事情 进入我们的脑海

,wh 你有一些时间,有时

你会变得清晰一些,事情会解决,

所以不清楚模式

何时会结束,

尽管至少看起来有一些

希望的迹象,

但现在我想你知道得到一样

所做的有用的工作

不会因为我们有六个月的时间而对你可以取得的成就抱有不切实际的想法,

但这

并不意味着我们必须我的意思是我们所有人都

知道

仅仅因为我们在学校考试前有六个月的时间

我们没有做

比其他工作更好 有一定的浮动

一定的激励自己的方式 我们正在

工作 这将永远优先

但是总有一天

事情会恢复正常就像

我们无法预测什么时候会

关闭我们无法预测什么时候 事情

也会开放,

但有一天当事情恢复

正常时,我们必须准备好

重新开始,所以我

认为主要的是要明白,

我们很难

预测和写出非常精确的计划,但

确实如此 并不是说我们

不应该做

在几乎所有情况下都是正确的事情 学习

新事物永远不会是一个错误的

决定

花时间让自己感觉更好

永远不会是一个错误的

决定,所以这些是

我们现在可以做的事情

,希望这是前进的方向,

至少这是我现在正在做的事情