The gospel of doubt Casey Gerald

There we were,

souls and bodies packed
into a Texas church

on the last night of our lives.

Packed into a room just like this,

but with creaky wooden pews
draped in worn-down red fabric,

with an organ to my left
and a choir at my back

and a baptism pool
built into the wall behind them.

A room like this, nonetheless.

With the same great feelings of suspense,

the same deep hopes for salvation,

the same sweat in the palms

and the same people
in the back not paying attention.

(Laughter)

This was December 31, 1999,

the night of the Second Coming of Christ,

and the end of the world as I knew it.

I had turned 12 that year

and had reached the age of accountability.

And once I stopped complaining

about how unfair it was
that Jesus would return

as soon as I had to be accountable
for all that I had done,

I figured I had better get
my house in order very quickly.

So I went to church as often as I could.

I listened for silence as anxiously
as one might listen for noise,

trying to be sure that the Lord
hadn’t pulled a fast one on me

and decided to come back early.

And just in case he did,

I built a backup plan,

by reading the “Left Behind” books
that were all the rage at the time.

And I found in their pages

that if I was not taken
in the rapture at midnight,

I had another shot.

All I had to do was avoid
taking the mark of the beast,

fight off demons, plagues
and the Antichrist himself.

It would be hard –

(Laughter)

but I knew I could do it.

(Laughter)

But planning time was over now.

It was 11:50pm.

We had 10 minutes left,

and my pastor called us
out of the pews and down to the altar

because he wanted to be praying
when midnight struck.

So every faction of the congregation

took its place.

The choir stayed in the choir stand,

the deacons and their wives –

or the Baptist Bourgeoisie
as I like to call them –

(Laughter)

took first position in front of the altar.

You see, in America,

even the Second Coming of Christ
has a VIP section.

(Laughter)

(Applause)

And right behind the Baptist Bourgeoisie

were the elderly –

these men and women whose young backs
had been bent under hot suns

in the cotton fields of East Texas,

and whose skin seemed to be burnt
a creaseless noble brown,

just like the clay of East Texas,

and whose hopes and dreams
for what life might become

outside of East Texas

had sometimes been bent and broken

even further than their backs.

Yes, these men and women
were the stars of the show for me.

They had waited their whole lives
for this moment,

just as their medieval predecessors
had longed for the end of the world,

and just as my grandmother
waited for the Oprah Winfrey Show

to come on Channel 8
every day at 4 o’clock.

And as she made her way to the altar,

I snuck right in behind her,

because I knew for sure

that my grandmother was going to heaven.

And I thought that if I held on
to her hand during this prayer,

I might go right on with her.

So I held on

and I closed my eyes

to listen,

to wait.

And the prayers got louder.

And the shouts of response
to the call of the prayer

went up higher even still.

And the organ rolled on in
to add the dirge.

And the heat came on to add to the sweat.

And my hand gripped firmer,

so I wouldn’t be the one
left in the field.

My eyes clenched tighter

so I wouldn’t see the wheat
being separated from the chaff.

And then a voice rang out above us:

“Amen.”

It was over.

I looked at the clock.

It was after midnight.

I looked at the elder believers

whose savior had not come,

who were too proud to show
any signs of disappointment,

who had believed too much and for too long

to start doubting now.

But I was upset on their behalf.

They had been duped,

hoodwinked, bamboozled,

and I had gone right along with them.

I had prayed their prayers,

I had yielded not to temptation
as best I could.

I had dipped my head not once, but twice

in that snot-inducing baptism pool.

I had believed.

Now what?

I got home just in time
to turn on the television

and watch Peter Jennings
announce the new millennium

as it rolled in around the world.

It struck me that it would have
been strange anyway,

for Jesus to come back again and again

based on the different time zones.

(Laughter)

And this made me feel
even more ridiculous –

hurt, really.

But there on that night,
I did not stop believing.

I just believed a new thing:

that it was possible not to believe.

It was possible the answers
I had were wrong,

that the questions themselves were wrong.

And now, where there was once
a mountain of certitude,

there was, running right down
to its foundation,

a spring of doubt,

a spring that promised rivers.

I can trace the whole drama of my life

back to that night in that church

when my savior did not come for me;

when the thing I believed most certainly

turned out to be, if not a lie,

then not quite the truth.

And even though most of you
prepared for Y2K in a very different way,

I’m convinced that you are here

because some part of you has done
the same thing that I have done

since the dawn of this new century,

since my mother left
and my father stayed away

and my Lord refused to come.

And I held out my hand,

reaching for something to believe in.

I held on when I arrived at Yale at 18,

with the faith that my journey
from Oak Cliff, Texas

was a chance to leave behind
all the challenges I had known,

the broken dreams
and broken bodies I had seen.

But when I found myself back home
one winter break,

with my face planted in the floor,

my hands tied behind my back

and a burglar’s gun pressed to my head,

I knew that even the best education
couldn’t save me.

I held on when I showed up
at Lehman Brothers

as an intern in 2008.

(Laughter)

So hopeful –

(Laughter)

that I called home to inform my family

that we’d never be poor again.

(Laughter)

But as I witnessed this temple of finance

come crashing down before my eyes,

I knew that even the best job
couldn’t save me.

I held on when I showed up
in Washington DC as a young staffer,

who had heard a voice
call out from Illinois,

saying, “It’s been a long time coming,

but in this election, change
has come to America.”

But as the Congress ground to a halt

and the country ripped at the seams

and hope and change
began to feel like a cruel joke,

I knew that even
the political second coming

could not save me.

I had knelt faithfully at the altar
of the American Dream,

praying to the gods of my time

of success,

and money,

and power.

But over and over again,

midnight struck, and I opened my eyes

to see that all of these gods were dead.

And from that graveyard,

I began the search once more,

not because I was brave,

but because I knew
that I would either believe

or I would die.

So I took a pilgrimage
to yet another mecca,

Harvard Business School –

(Laughter)

this time, knowing that I could not
simply accept the salvation

that it claimed to offer.

No, I knew there’d be more work to do.

The work began in the dark corner
of a crowded party,

in the late night of an early,
miserable Cambridge winter,

when three friends and I asked a question

that young folks searching
for something real have asked

for a very long time:

“What if we took a road trip?”

(Laughter)

We didn’t know where’d we go
or how we’d get there,

but we knew we had to do it.

Because all our lives we yearned,
as Jack Kerouac wrote,

to “sneak out into the night
and disappear somewhere,”

and go find out what everybody was doing

all over the country.

So even though there were
other voices who said

that the risk was too great
and the proof too thin,

we went on anyhow.

We went on 8,000 miles across America
in the summer of 2013,

through the cow pastures of Montana,
through the desolation of Detroit,

through the swamps of New Orleans,

where we found and worked
with men and women

who were building small businesses

that made purpose their bottom line.

And having been trained
at the West Point of capitalism,

this struck us as a revolutionary idea.

(Laughter)

And this idea spread,

growing into a nonprofit
called MBAs Across America,

a movement that landed me here
on this stage today.

It spread because we found
a great hunger in our generation

for purpose, for meaning.

It spread because we found
countless entrepreneurs

in the nooks and crannies of America

who were creating jobs and changing lives

and who needed a little help.

But if I’m being honest, it also spread

because I fought to spread it.

There was no length
to which I would not go

to preach this gospel,

to get more people to believe

that we could bind the wounds
of a broken country,

one social business at a time.

But it was this journey of evangelism

that led me to the rather different gospel

that I’ve come to share with you today.

It began one evening almost a year ago

at the Museum of Natural History
in New York City,

at a gala for alumni
of Harvard Business School.

Under a full-size replica of a whale,

I sat with the titans of our time

as they celebrated their peers
and their good deeds.

There was pride in a room

where net worth
and assets under management

surpassed half a trillion dollars.

We looked over all that we had made,

and it was good.

(Laughter)

But it just so happened,

two days later,

I had to travel up the road to Harlem,

where I found myself
sitting in an urban farm

that had once been a vacant lot,

listening to a man named Tony
tell me of the kids

that showed up there every day.

All of them lived below the poverty line.

Many of them carried
all of their belongings in a backpack

to avoid losing them
in a homeless shelter.

Some of them came to Tony’s program,

called Harlem Grown,

to get the only meal they had each day.

Tony told me that he started Harlem Grown
with money from his pension,

after 20 years as a cab driver.

He told me that he didn’t give
himself a salary,

because despite success,
the program struggled for resources.

He told me that he would take any help

that he could get.

And I was there as that help.

But as I left Tony,
I felt the sting and salt of tears

welling up in my eyes.

I felt the weight of revelation

that I could sit in one room on one night,

where a few hundred people
had half a trillion dollars,

and another room, two days later,

just 50 blocks up the road,

where a man was going without a salary

to get a child her only meal of the day.

And it wasn’t the glaring inequality
that made me want to cry,

it wasn’t the thought of hungry,
homeless kids,

it wasn’t rage toward the one percent

or pity toward the 99.

No, I was disturbed
because I had finally realized

that I was the dialysis

for a country that needed
a kidney transplant.

I realized that my story
stood in for all those

who were expected to pick
themselves up by their bootstraps,

even if they didn’t have any boots;

that my organization stood in

for all the structural, systemic help
that never went to Harlem

or Appalachia or the Lower 9th Ward;

that my voice stood in
for all those voices

that seemed too unlearned,
too unwashed, too unaccommodated.

And the shame of that,

that shame washed over me

like the shame of sitting
in front of the television,

watching Peter Jennings
announce the new millennium

again

and again

and again.

I had been duped,

hoodwinked,

bamboozled.

But this time, the false savior was me.

You see, I’ve come a long way
from that altar

on the night I thought
the world would end,

from a world where people spoke in tongues

and saw suffering
as a necessary act of God

and took a text to be infallible truth.

Yes, I’ve come so far

that I’m right back where I started.

Because it simply is not true to say

that we live in an age of disbelief –

no, we believe today just as much
as any time that came before.

Some of us may believe
in the prophecy of Brené Brown

or Tony Robbins.

We may believe in the bible
of The New Yorker

or the Harvard Business Review.

We may believe most deeply

when we worship right here
at the church of TED,

but we desperately want to believe,

we need to believe.

We speak in the tongues
of charismatic leaders

that promise to solve all our problems.

We see suffering as a necessary act
of the capitalism that is our god,

we take the text of technological progress

to be infallible truth.

And we hardly realize
the human price we pay

when we fail to question one brick,

because we fear it might shake
our whole foundation.

But if you are disturbed

by the unconscionable things
that we have come to accept,

then it must be questioning time.

So I have not a gospel
of disruption or innovation

or a triple bottom line.

I do not have a gospel of faith
to share with you today, in fact.

I have and I offer a gospel of doubt.

The gospel of doubt does not ask
that you stop believing,

it asks that you believe a new thing:

that it is possible not to believe.

It is possible the answers
we have are wrong,

it is possible the questions
themselves are wrong.

Yes, the gospel of doubt means
that it is possible that we,

on this stage, in this room,

are wrong.

Because it raises the question, “Why?”

With all the power
that we hold in our hands,

why are people still suffering so bad?

This doubt leads me to share
that we are putting my organization,

MBAs Across America,

out of business.

We have shed our staff
and closed our doors

and we will share our model freely

with anyone who sees
their power to do this work

without waiting for our permission.

This doubt compels me

to renounce the role of savior

that some have placed on me,

because our time is too short
and our odds are too long

to wait for second comings,

when the truth is that
there will be no miracles here.

And this doubt, it fuels me,

it gives me hope

that when our troubles overwhelm us,

when the paths laid out for us
seem to lead to our demise,

when our healers bring
no comfort to our wounds,

it will not be our blind faith –

no, it will be our humble doubt

that shines a little light
into the darkness of our lives

and of our world

and lets us raise our voice to whisper

or to shout

or to say simply,

very simply,

“There must be another way.”

Thank you.

(Applause)

在我们生命的最后一晚,我们在那里,

灵魂和身体被
挤进了德克萨斯州的一座教堂

像这样挤在一个房间里,

但吱吱作响的木长椅上
挂着破旧的红色织物,

左边有一个风琴,
后面有一个唱诗班,

后面的墙上建了一个洗礼池。

还是这样的房间。

同样的悬念

,同样的深切希望,

同样的手心汗水,

同样的背影,同样的人
不在意。

(笑声)

这是 1999 年 12 月 31 日,

基督第二次降临的夜晚,

也是我所知道的世界末日。

那一年我已经 12 岁了

,已经到了承担责任的年龄。

一旦我不再抱怨

,一旦我必须为
我所做的一切负责,耶稣就会回来是多么不公平,

我想我最好尽快把
我的房子收拾好。

所以我尽可能多地去教堂。

我像听噪音一样焦急地听着安静

试图确定主
没有对我

开快车,并决定早点回来。

为了以防万一,

我制定了一个备用计划,

通过阅读当时风靡一时的“落后”书籍

我在他们的页面

中发现,如果我没有
在午夜被提神,

我还有另一个机会。

我所要做的就是避免
受到野兽的印记,

战胜恶魔、瘟疫
和敌基督者本人。

这会很难——

(笑声)

但我知道我能做到。

(笑声)

但是现在计划时间已经结束了。

那是晚上 11 点 50 分。

我们还剩 10 分钟

,我的牧师把我们
从长椅上叫到祭坛上,

因为他想在午夜来临时祈祷

所以会众的每个派别都

取代了它的位置。

唱诗班留在唱诗班

,执事和他们的妻子——

或者
我喜欢称他们为浸信会资产阶级——

(笑声)

在祭坛前排在第一位。

你看,在美国,

即使是基督的第二次降临
也有贵宾区。

(笑声)

(掌声

)在浸信会资产阶级的身后

是年长的——

这些男人和女人,他们年轻的背

在东德克萨斯州的棉田里

被烈日晒得弯着腰,他们的皮肤似乎被烧
成了没有皱纹的高贵棕色,

就像东德克萨斯的泥土一样,他们对东德克萨斯以外

生活的希望和
梦想有时

甚至比他们的背脊还要弯曲和破碎。

是的,这些男人和女人
对我来说是节目的明星。

他们一生都在
等待这一刻,

就像他们的中世纪
前辈渴望世界末日一样

,就像我的祖母
等待奥普拉温弗瑞秀

每天凌晨四点在 8 频道播出一样。

当她走向祭坛时,

我就偷偷溜到她身后,

因为我

确信我的祖母会去天堂。

我想,如果我
在祈祷期间握住她的手,

我可能会继续和她在一起。

所以我坚持

住了,我

闭上眼睛倾听

,等待。

祈祷的声音越来越大。

响应祈祷召唤的呼喊声

甚至更高。

管风琴滚
进来添加挽歌。

热量来了,增加了汗水。

我的手握得更紧了,

所以我不会是
场上剩下的那个人了。

我的眼睛更紧了,

这样我就不会看到小麦
从谷壳中分离出来了。

然后一个声音在我们头顶响起:

“阿门。”

结束了。

我看了看时钟。

已经是午夜之后了。

我看着

那些救世主还没有来的长老信徒,

他们太骄傲了,没有表现出
任何失望的迹象,

他们相信太多

太久,现在开始怀疑。

但我替他们感到不安。

他们被欺骗了,

蒙蔽了,蒙骗了

,我和他们一起去了。

我已经为他们祈祷,

我已经
尽我所能不屈服于诱惑。

我在那个让人流鼻涕的洗礼池里不是一次,而是两次

我曾相信。

怎么办?

我及时回到家
打开电视

,看着彼得詹宁斯
宣布新千年

在世界各地滚滚而来。

让我感到震惊的是,
无论如何

,耶稣会

根据不同的时区一次又一次地回来。

(笑声

) 这让我觉得
更可笑——

真的很受伤。

但在那一天晚上,
我并没有停止相信。

我只是相信了一件新事物:

不相信是可能的。

有可能
我的答案是错误的

,问题本身是错误的。

而现在,曾经
有一座确定性之山的地方,

有一条直通
其根基

的怀疑之

泉,一条许诺河流的泉水。

我可以将我生命中的整个戏剧

追溯到那个教堂的那个晚上,

那时我的救主没有来找我;

当我最确定的事情

被证明是,如果不是谎言,

那么也不是真的。

尽管你们中的大多数人
以非常不同的方式为 Y2K 做准备,

但我相信你们来到这里

是因为你们中的某些人做
了与我在新世纪伊始以来所做的相同的事情,

因为我母亲离开
了 我父亲离开了

,我的主拒绝来。

我伸出手,

伸手去相信一些可以相信的东西。

当我 18 岁到达耶鲁时,我坚持下去

,相信我
从德克萨斯州奥克克里夫 (Oak Cliff) 的旅程

是一个摆脱
我所知道的所有挑战的机会

, 我见过破碎的梦想
和破碎的身体。

但是当我发现自己在
一个寒假回家时

,脸埋在地板上

,双手被绑在背后

,一把窃贼的枪顶在我的头上,

我知道即使是最好的教育
也救不了我。

当我在 2008 年作为实习生出现在雷曼兄弟时,我坚持了下来

(笑声)

如此充满希望——

(笑声

)我打电话回家告诉我的家人

,我们再也不会贫穷了。

(笑声)

但当我亲眼目睹这座

金融殿堂在我眼前倒塌时,

我知道即使是最好的工作
也救不了我。

当我
作为一名年轻的工作人员出现在华盛顿特区时,我

坚持住了,他
听到了来自伊利诺伊州的一个声音,

说:“已经很久了,

但在这次选举中,
美国已经发生了变化。”

但是随着国会陷入停顿

,国家陷入困境

,希望和变革
开始变得像一个残酷的笑话,

我知道即使
是政治上的第二次到来

也无法拯救我。

我忠实地跪在
美国梦的祭坛前,

向我

的成功

、金钱

和权力时代的众神祈祷。

但一次又一次,

午夜来了,我睁开

眼睛看到所有这些神都死了。

从那个墓地,

我再次开始寻找,

不是因为我勇敢,

而是因为我
知道我要么相信,

要么会死。

所以我又去了
另一个圣地,

哈佛商学院——

(笑声)

这一次,我知道我不能
简单地接受

它声称提供的救赎。

不,我知道还有更多工作要做。

工作开始于
一个拥挤聚会的黑暗角落,

在一个早早、
悲惨的剑桥冬天的深夜,

当时我和三个朋友问了一个问题


寻找真实事物的年轻人已经

问了很长时间了:

“如果 我们进行了一次公路旅行?”

(笑声)

我们不知道我们要去哪里
或如何到达那里,

但我们知道我们必须这样做。

因为我们一生都渴望,
正如杰克·凯鲁亚克所写的那样

,“潜入深夜
,消失在某个地方”

,去看看全国各地的每个人都在做什么

所以即使有
其他声音

说风险太大
,证据太薄,

我们还是继续。 2013

年夏天,我们穿越美国 8,000 英里

穿越了蒙大拿州的奶牛牧场,
穿越了底特律的荒凉,

穿越了新奥尔良的沼泽地,

在那里我们发现并与

正在建立有目的的小型企业的男男女女一起工作

他们的底线。

在资本主义西点军校接受过培训

这让我们觉得这是一个革命性的想法。

(笑声

) 这个想法传播开来,

成长为一个
名为 MBAs Across America 的非营利组织,

这场运动让我
今天站在了这个舞台上。

它之所以传播开来,是因为
我们这一代人

对目标和意义有着极大的渴望。

它之所以传播开来,是因为我们

在美国的角落和缝隙中发现了无数企业家,

他们正在创造就业机会和改变生活

,并且需要一点帮助。

但老实说,它也传播了,

因为我努力传播它。

我不遗余力

地宣讲这个福音

,让更多的人

相信我们可以
包扎一个破碎的国家的伤口,

一次一个社会企业。

但正是这段传福音的旅程

,让我接触到了

今天要与大家分享的完全不同的福音。

它开始于大约一年前的一个晚上

,在纽约市自然历史博物馆

举行
的哈佛商学院校友盛会上。

在鲸鱼的全尺寸复制品下,

我和我们这个时代的巨头坐在一起,

庆祝他们的同龄
人和他们的善行。

在一个


资产和管理资产

超过五万亿美元的房间里,人们感到自豪。

我们检查了我们所做的一切,

结果很好。

(笑声)

但事情就这样发生了,

两天后,

我不得不沿着公路前往哈莱姆区,

在那里我发现自己
坐在一个

曾经是空地的城市农场里,

听一个名叫托尼的人
告诉我

每天都出现在那里的孩子们。

他们都生活在贫困线以下。

他们中的许多人将
所有物品放在背包

中,以免
在无家可归者收容所中丢失。

他们中的一些人参加了托尼的

名为 Harlem Grown 的计划,

以获得他们每天唯一的一顿饭。

托尼告诉我,

在做了 20 年出租车司机之后,他用养老金中的钱创办了 Harlem Grown。

他告诉我,他没有给
自己发薪水,

因为尽管取得了成功,但
该计划仍为资源而苦苦挣扎。

他告诉我,他会接受

任何他能得到的帮助。

我在那里作为帮助。

但当我离开托尼时,
我感到眼里涌出泪水的刺痛和咸味

我感受到了启示的重量

,我可以在一个晚上坐在一个房间里,

那里有几百人
拥有 5000 亿美元

,而两天后,另一个房间

距离马路仅 50 个街区

,一个男人没有

薪水让一个孩子成为她一天中唯一的一顿饭。 让

我想哭的不是明显的不平等

不是饥饿、
无家可归的孩子的想法

,不是对百分之一的愤怒

或对 99 的怜悯。

不,我很不安,
因为我有 终于

意识到我是

一个需要肾移植的国家的透析者

我意识到我的故事
代表了所有

那些被期望
自力更生的人,

即使他们没有任何靴子。

我的组织

支持所有结构性、系统性的帮助
,这些帮助从未到达哈莱姆区

、阿巴拉契亚区或下 9 区;

我的声音代替
了所有

那些看起来太没有学识、
太不洗礼、太不适应的声音。

那种耻辱,

那种耻辱就像
坐在电视机前,

看着彼得詹宁斯一次又一次地
宣布新的千年的耻辱一样席卷了我

我被骗了,被

蒙蔽了,被蒙骗了

但这一次,假救世主是我。

你看,

在我
以为世界即将结束的那个晚上,我已经离开了那个祭坛,

离开了一个人们说方言

并将苦难
视为上帝的必要行为

并将文本视为无误的真理的世界。

是的,我已经走了这么远

,我又回到了我开始的地方。

因为

说我们生活在一个难以置信的时代根本是不正确的——

不,我们今天和以前
任何时候一样相信。

我们中的一些人可能相信
布蕾妮·布朗

或托尼·罗宾斯的预言。

我们可能相信
《纽约客》

或《哈佛商业评论》的圣经。

当我们
在 TED 教堂敬拜时,我们可能会深信不疑,

但我们非常想相信,

我们需要相信。

我们说的

是承诺解决我们所有问题的魅力领袖的方言。

我们将苦难视为
我们的上帝资本主义的必要行为,

我们将技术进步的文本

视为万无一失的真理。

当我们没有质疑一块砖头时,我们几乎没有意识到
我们付出的人力代价

因为我们担心它可能会动摇
我们的整个基础。

但是,如果您对我们已经接受

的不合情理的事情
感到不安,

那么一定是质疑时间。

所以我没有
破坏或创新

或三重底线的福音。

事实上,我今天没有要与你分享的信仰福音。

我有并且我提供了一个怀疑的福音。

怀疑的福音并不
要求你停止相信,

它要求你相信一件新事物:

不相信是可能的。

我们的答案
可能是错误的,

也可能是问题
本身是错误的。

是的,怀疑的福音
意味着我们

在这个舞台上,在这个房间里,

有可能是错的。

因为它提出了一个问题,“为什么?”

我们手中握有这么大的权力,

为什么人们还要受苦呢?

这种怀疑让我分享
说,我们正在让我的组织——

全美的

MBAs 破产。

我们已经裁掉了员工
并关上了大门

,我们将

与任何看到
他们有能力完成这项工作的人自由分享我们的模型,

而无需等待我们的许可。

这种怀疑迫使

我放弃

一些人赋予我的救世主角色,

因为我们的时间太短
,我们的机会太长,

无法等待第二次降临,

而事实是
这里不会有奇迹。

而这种怀疑,它激励着我,

它给了我希望

,当我们的麻烦压倒我们时,

当为我们铺开的道路
似乎会导致我们的死亡时,

当我们的治疗师
无法安慰我们的伤口时,

这不会是我们的盲目信仰 ——

不,将是我们卑微的怀疑


为我们生活和世界的黑暗照亮了一点光

,让我们提高我们的声音,轻声细语

或喊叫,

或者简单地说,

非常简单,

“必须有另一种方式 。”

谢谢你。

(掌声)