NASA Switches Gears

[Music]

hey everybody

coming to you live from nasa’s jet

propulsion lab in pasadena california

right behind me is mission control i’m

going to let you take a look

because on february 18th we’re going to

attempt to land

nasa’s next rover to mars it’s going to

be the most sophisticated rover ever

sent to the red planet

it’s even going to have a helicopter on

so jpl is an amazing place where people

are creating robotic missions that

explore the universe

they also create satellites that orbit

the earth and help us understand this

planet that we live on

but today i’m going to talk about

something a little bit closer to home

it’s going to be about a team of space

engineers that invented a copic 19

ventilator in just 37 days and all

started

when these two people bumped into each

other at the jpl cafeteria

it was right before the very first

shutdown when the pandemic started

they started to talk about work but then

they started to talk about what coveted

might do in the united states

and that there might be a shortage of

ventilators and they started to ask the

question

a really powerful important question

is what i’m doing right this moment the

most important thing

that i could be doing well they went

home everything got shut down

but dave couldn’t get that question out

of his head

in fact that weekend he assembled the

team

he found some funding and on monday

afternoon they ended up having a doctor

come to jpl who had been working on

ventilators for decades

told them all about ventilators what

worked what didn’t work

and what was really specific to coveted

now you can imagine that this group of

engineers are asking themselves are we

the right people to be making

ventilators well after talking with the

doctor more

they started to realize that yes you

know ventilators

are things that are sensing and

responding

to bodies human bodies in our case

we create instruments that sense and

respond to other bodies

like mars or jupiter

ventilators need to be able to work in

really harsh environments

well we create things that go to outer

space the ventilators also they just

like

have to work because if they don’t work

someone might die

in our case we send things to other

planets and when they get there we can’t

go there and fix them so we have a

culture

of testing and testing to prove

ourselves

that everything can work before we send

them

now uh ventilators they’re really

complicated

and they are really expensive there’s

lots of different parts and they can do

a lot of different types of things

so the team decided that they were

instead of doing a complicated

ventilator they were going to do

something that was specific just the

covered 19

and that would make it less expensive

use less parts

and if a bunch of these were in the

hospital they could the people on

that have coveted could be using them

and we could save the really expensive

sophisticated ventilators for those

people who really really needed them

and so what they ended up doing is that

they made

a set of criteria and the criteria

was do no harm don’t use any ventilator

pieces

that are in the supply chain of current

ventilators

make sure that we use as few parts is

really necessary

make sure that we can get those parts

anywhere in the world because we want

people in lots of different countries to

be able to make these same things

and then make it easy to use because if

it’s not easy to use

people just aren’t going to use it well

i was sitting at home because i wasn’t

part of this project and i’m

you know just kind of working from home

and then i got this really

unusual email by way of dave van buren

asking me if i’d like to be a team

culturalist

i’d never heard of a team culturalist

before i actually lead a team

of artists and designers and we we help

people think through their thinking

but i thought you know what i’m going to

do anything to help let me go in

and be of help and so this is jpl

it’s a really big place but they only

led around 200 people

on lab and only a few of those were

people working

on the ventilator but this this is what

i um what i came to when i first got

there there’s flashing lights

handwritten signs all over the place

a line on the ground and

and a sign up sheet and um

you know it’s really strange and i

realized that the people on the on the

project were

in different rooms and they couldn’t see

each other and so i scavenged

cameras and computers and uh cables from

all the computers and people that were

working at home

to be able to set up a system so

everyone could see each other

and in the process i realized that you

know

um this is a really important moment

there are people that are

uh this is really a historically

important moment and so

i need to be taking pictures of all

these different moments and so i was

able to get pictures of all these

special moments when

when things first started to work but

also when things didn’t work

and i was able to send it to the rest of

the team because really only about 20

percent of the team was really

at jpl the rest were at home working and

not really

feeling connected to what was going on

so this was a really great way for them

to feel like they were part of the team

now everything was going super fast and

just an example the chief engineer said

hey we need an

interface for this ventilator that’s

going to be super easy for doctors to

use

and uh could you get it done by 6 a.m

tomorrow

and so our team called up a whole bunch

of doctors all over the country at 8 00

pm

we got together with them got done at 10

pm asking them a bunch of questions

and literally a designer ended up

spending all night

uh working on this and by 6 am he had an

interface done now this was just par for

the course

for what the engineers were going

through because they were trying to

create something they’d never

thought of before and uh you know trying

to get all the parts to work get the

software to work with parts

but the entire time we’re working with

various doctors

and the person in the middle is dr

graves and he’s the person who first

told the team about what a ventilator

was

the person in the computer next to him

is the

person who uh his name is dr levin he’s

at mount sinai hospital

in new york and that was the center the

epicenter

of covid at the very beginning and he

would literally come out of the icu

in his smocks and get on the webcam and

start to

critique what we were creating so 37

days

after they first learned what a

ventilator was

they stayed up the entire night and in

the morning they had finally finished

their first prototype working prototype

of the ventilator

they had to hurry up and package it up

because then they’re gonna send it

to new york to dr levin at mount sinai

hospital where they tested it

on this human testing case where they’re

able to see whether or not the

ventilator worked and it worked

everyone was super excited but they’re

even more excited today

because there are 27 organizations all

around the world

that are creating these things whether

they’re in nigeria

in brazil in india in dozens of other

countries

and it all started with that simple

powerful question is what i’m doing

right now

the most important thing i should be

doing

i’m gonna leave you with this little

video and perhaps you might need a

tissue

thank you

we are designing an easy and rapidly

mass manufacturable ventilator device

and it is

a crazy project

this crisis is unprecedented in our

lives

and and requires precedent action

i’m so amped up i mean it really the

adrenaline rush

it’s exciting but it’s exhausting i

think we all just want to do everything

we can

to try to help

[Music]

i would say the biggest personal

challenges that

i have myself is uh i don’t have time to

sleep

i think what jpl brings to the table is

extraordinary talent

it also brings to the table tremendous

innovation

the third thing it brings to the table

is tremendous focus

the other thing that i felt i see it in

our team and that is a call to duty

i have this talent i’m an engineer or a

scientist

i can do something

[Music]

we have the potential to save human

lives people that we might know

our neighbors our families and that

intensity um

amazing it’s amazing and as stressful as

this has been for everybody in the last

couple of weeks

um not one of us can stop

[Music]

you

[音乐]

嘿,每个

人都住

在加利福尼亚州帕萨迪纳的美国宇航局喷气推进实验室,

我身后是任务控制中心,我

要让你看一看,

因为 2 月 18 日我们将

尝试将

美国宇航局的下一个探测器降落到火星 这将

是有史以来最先进的火星车,

它甚至会搭载直升机,

所以喷气推进实验室是一个了不起的地方,人们

正在创造探索宇宙的机器人任务,

他们还创造了

绕地球运行的卫星,帮助我们理解

这个我们生活的星球,

但今天我要谈谈

离家更近

一点的事情,这将是关于一个太空

工程师团队,他们

在短短 37 天内发明了 copic 19 呼吸机,这一切都

始于这两个人撞到一起

在喷气推进实验室的自助餐厅互相交谈

,就在第一次停工之前,

大流行开始时,

他们开始谈论工作,但随后

他们开始谈论梦寐以求的

事情可能会做什么 在美国

,可能

呼吸机短缺,他们开始问这个

问题,

一个非常重要的问题

是我此刻正在做什么

最重要的事情

,我可以做得很好他们

回家了,一切都关闭了 下来,

但戴夫无法摆脱这个问题

,事实上,那个周末他组建了

团队,

他找到了一些资金,在周一

下午,他们最终让一位从事呼吸机工作数十年的医生

来到喷气推进实验室,

向他们讲述了所有关于 呼吸机 什么

有效 什么

无效 什么是令人垂涎的

现在你可以想象这组

工程师在问自己,

我们是否

适合在与医生交谈后很好地制造呼吸机,

他们开始意识到这一点 是的,你

知道呼吸

机是感知和

响应人体的东西在我们的例子中,

我们创造了感知和

响应其他身体的仪器,

比如 火星或木星的

呼吸机需要能够在

非常恶劣的环境中

工作,我们创造的东西可以去

外太空,他们也喜欢呼吸机

必须工作,因为如果它们不工作,

在我们的情况下有人可能会死,我们将东西发送给其他人

行星,当它们到达那里时,我们不能

去那里修理它们,所以我们有一种

测试和测试的文化,以证明

自己

在我们发送它们之前一切都可以工作,

嗯,呼吸机它们真的很

复杂

而且它们真的很贵,有

很多 不同的部件,他们可以

做很多不同类型的事情,

所以团队决定他们

不是做一个复杂的

呼吸机,而是做

一些特定的事情,只是

覆盖的 19

,这将降低成本,

使用更少的部件

如果其中有一堆在

医院里,他们

可以让那些梦寐以求的人使用它们

,我们可以为这些人节省非常昂贵的

精密呼吸机

真正需要他们的人

,所以他们最终做的是

他们制定

了一套标准,并且标准

是无害的,不要使用

当前呼吸机供应链中的任何呼吸机部件,

确保我们使用

真正需要的零件很少

确保我们可以

在世界任何地方获得这些零件,因为我们

希望许多不同国家/地区的人们

能够制造这些相同的东西

,然后使其易于使用,因为

如果不容易使用,

人们只需 不会很好地使用它

我坐在家里,因为我不是

这个项目的一部分,我

知道你只是在家工作

,然后我收到了

一封非常不寻常的电子邮件,是 dave van Buren

询问我的 如果我想成为一名团队

文化家

在我真正领导一个

艺术家和设计师团队之前,我从未听说过团队文化家,我们帮助

人们思考他们的想法,

但我认为你知道我要做

什么 有什么可以帮助我

的 会有所帮助,所以这是 jpl,

这是一个非常大的地方,但他们只

在实验室里带领了大约 200 人,其中只有少数人

在呼吸机上工作,

但这就是我第一次得到的时候

到处都是闪烁的灯光,

手写的标志

在地上有一条线,

还有一张登记表,嗯,

你知道这真的很奇怪,我

意识到

项目中的人

在不同的房间,他们看不到

每个房间 其他,所以我从所有在家工作的计算机和人那里清理了

相机和计算机以及呃电缆,

以便能够建立一个系统,这样

每个人都可以看到彼此

,在这个过程中我意识到你

知道,

嗯,这真的是 重要的时刻

有人说,

嗯,这真的是一个具有历史意义的

重要时刻,所以

我需要为所有

这些不同的时刻拍照,所以我

能够拍下所有这些

特殊时刻的照片,

当事情刚开始时 开始工作,

但当事情不正常时

,我可以将其发送给团队的其他

成员,因为实际上只有大约 20

% 的团队真正

在 jpl,其余的人在家工作,并

没有真正

感受到与什么有联系 正在继续,

所以这对他们来说是一种非常好的方式,让

他们感觉自己是团队的一员,

现在一切都进展得非常快,

只是一个例子,首席工程师说,

嘿,我们

需要这个呼吸机的接口,这

将非常容易 要

使用

的医生,你能不能在明天早上 6 点之前完成

,所以我们的团队

在晚上 8 点召集了全国各地的一大群医生,

我们和他们一起在晚上 10 点完成了,

问了他们一堆问题

, 从字面上看,一个设计师最终

花了整晚的

时间来完成这个工作,到早上 6 点,他已经完成了一个

界面,现在这

对于工程师们正在经历的课程来说是标准的,

因为他们正在尝试

创造一些他们之前从未

想过的东西 矿石,呃,你知道

试图让所有部件工作让

软件与部件一起工作,

但我们一直在与

各种医生合作

,中间的人是格雷夫斯博士

,他是第一个

告诉团队的人 什么是呼吸

机,他旁边电脑里的

那个人是那

个人,他的名字叫莱文博士,他

在纽约西奈山医院

,那是

一开始covid的中心,他

真的会出来 ICU

穿着工作服,打开网络摄像头,

开始

批评我们正在创造的东西,所以

在他们第一次了解呼吸机是什么 37 天后,

他们彻夜未眠,到

了早上,他们终于完成了

他们的第一个原型工作

原型 呼吸机,

他们不得不快点把它打包,

因为然后他们会把它

送到纽约西奈山医院的莱文博士

那里,他们

在这个人体测试案例上对其进行测试,在那里他们

可以看到磨刀 她与否

呼吸机是否工作,

每个人都非常兴奋,但他们

今天更加兴奋,

因为全世界有 27 个组织

正在创造这些东西,无论

他们在尼日利亚

、巴西、印度、数十个其他

国家

这一切都始于一个简单而

有力的问题是我现在正在做什么我应该做

的最重要的事情

我会给你留下这个小

视频也许你可能需要一张

纸巾

谢谢

我们正在设计一个简单而 快速

大规模制造的呼吸机设备

,这是

一个疯狂的项目,

这场危机在我们的生活中是前所未有的

,需要采取先例行动

我们可以

尝试帮助

[音乐]

我会说我自己面临的最大个人

挑战

是呃我没有时间

睡觉

普通人才

它也带来了巨大的

创新

它带来的第三件事

是巨大的

专注 我觉得我在

我们的团队中看到了它,那就是使命召唤

我有这种才能 我是一名工程师或 一位

科学家,

我可以做点什么

[音乐]

我们有潜力拯救人类的

生命,我们可能认识

我们的邻居,我们的家人,这种

强度

令人惊叹,这太神奇了,就像过去几周每个人都承受的压力一样

嗯不是 我们中的一个人可以阻止

[音乐]