A Personal Challenge of Pluralism

[Music]

[Music]

in the name of god

the most merciful the most beneficent

i’d like to take a second and reflect

with you all about what i just said

and don’t worry i don’t intend on using

this platform for

religious preaching or theological

debate

i’m more interested in reflecting with

you all about

how you perceive that opening in

vacation

how i perceived giving that opening

invocation

perhaps some of you may be a bit

confused what’s he bringing up god for

at this public forum maybe some feel

alienated

divine speech and divine talk is no

place at a ted talk

others may feel like you relate a little

bit maybe even are rooting for me

yeah he’s willing to talk about god so

publicly at this ted talk

others may be on to me and realize that

this is a

usual ted talk gimmick to grab your

attention

and to open my invocation for the

evening

something tells me there’s truth to all

of these

but the real intention was to invoke

reactions

reactions that i’m sure were quite

diverse

probably very strong for some but

personal

for many in my role as the interfaith

fellow this year

at middlebury college i thought that the

majority of my work would be involved in

event programming for the different

religious and spiritual groups on campus

you know the kinds of things where we

have an interfaith dinner

maybe a volunteer service trip

the kinds of things that would make

great pictures for the campus magazine

or

the chaplain’s office brochure or what

have you

but truth be told i wasn’t so interested

in the event programming side of things

i was more interested in a more

authentic interfaith experience

an experience that acknowledges the

tensions

that lie at the heart of our commonly

held ideals

of pluralism cooperation

and even coexistence and don’t worry i’m

not talking about those tensions that we

can all easily

pull examples from from the history of

people

of religious or non-religious

backgrounds as they

sorted their differences to put it very

lightly

i’m talking about a more fundamental

experience

an experience that lies at the heart of

how we view each other more

fundamentally and it’s probably useful

at this point to tell you that i think

the term

interfaith is actually deeply unhelpful

and i’ve tried to distance myself from

the term despite my title as the

interfaith fellow

and i think it’s for a few reasons i’ll

share a few

for one i think the term interfaith

makes certain assumptions

about the kind of inter-human work

that’s

like worth doing for example it could be

quite

exclusionary to people who don’t

experience their world from

a faith background for example buddhists

might

have a more practice based way of living

certainly atheists or agnostics don’t

have that faith

like traditional faith way of viewing

their lives or how they engage with

the world around them but it can also be

quite alienating to people who do come

from

a traditional faith background who view

the world from multiple lenses

and not just the lens of their religion

or spirituality

so the kind of work that i was more

interested in doing in my time as the

interfaith fellow is

to look at how we experience the world

from our different perspectives

the different lenses with which we

engage in the world

maybe even call inter-lens work the

different lenses that we think

act and feel as we navigate our

experiences

for some that might be through a purely

or fairly religious framework

they navigate the world through a

religious perspective

for others it might be through a totally

non-religious

non-theistic non-theological even

non-practice based way of living

for most of us it’s a mixture of things

perhaps our religious upbringings may

inform

our values or our beliefs

for some maybe those that religious

upbringing

those values and beliefs are exactly are

exactly what we want to define ourselves

in opposition to

but the reality is we all have lenses

with which we engage in the world

personally speaking the lens with which

i engage in the world is from a fairly

religious one

i view the world under or in the pursuit

of a

you know the the moral and the divine

beauty

and if it’s not how i usually navigate

things it’s how i want to navigate

things

it’s a belief that we are all under the

divine gaze and that’s actually how i

think the world works

that not just me like you know when i’m

giving the speech there’s a spiritual

religious dimension to it

that includes you all and the wider

world and the universe as well

but perhaps there are others who are

viewing this speech from a totally

different perspective

from the perspective of it’s just a cool

ted talk and there’s no

you know strings attached theologically

or spiritually

perhaps there are some who are viewing

this talk from the lens of a

different divine gaze maybe we’ll call

it brahmin or as i might call it allah

regardless we are viewing things from

different lenses

and i think that’s kind of strange if

you think about it just a little bit

maybe even funny can you imagine that

perhaps the person

you know two rows of or two rows i’m

trying to gather it

two rows or two seats away from you is

let’s say they’re a pre-med and they’re

pursuing a medical career and their best

reason for pursuing a medical career is

in pursuit of

glorifying their lord and savior jesus

christ

whereas maybe two rows up or down from

them is another pre-med

who views pursuing a career in medicine

as purely a means to help their fellow

human

let’s say they’re a secular humanist of

sort no divine strings attached

once again we have different lenses with

which

we engage in the world

now i think that’s quite compelling and

you know there might be some main

some more mainstream ways of viewing the

world

perhaps you know my version of a divine

gaze might not be the common mainstream

way that most people

think about their experiences

you know and and i i want to emphasize a

lot of my work was not focused on things

like

who’s the right perspective or the wrong

perspective which one makes more sense

less sense

which one is more or less reasonable

the kind of work that i focused on was

trying to engage with questions like

what are the kinds of lenses that exist

out there

how welcomed are those different

perspectives and lenses

how do they interact with each other on

a day to day

if they do it all and if there are any

similarities or differences

perhaps some of those differences could

be quite severe and cause

tensions how do we navigate those

instances where there are tensions

between different lenses or perspectives

in the world

i’ll address some of those questions

perhaps from more of like a more

personal example

and that is the example that i think

millions of muslims

across the globe experience but also

certainly non-muslims

who can relate to perhaps a connection

with a divine transcendent power

or being and that is the instance of

prayer

what does it mean for you all to think

about how i engage in prayer

as some of you may know muslims are

religiously prescribed or required to

pray five daily prayers

and what that means is five times a day

we engage in ritual washing or

abolution if you want the technical term

we’ll do in arabic

and five times a day we engage in ritual

prostration

ritual bowing we recite quranic

supplications and

verses and we communicate our needs

and our experiences to who we believe is

god

personally speaking prayer is an act of

divine connection as well as a means of

connecting myself

to a metaphysical and spiritual

sustenance for my soul

and even grounding myself in a

transcendent purpose

but using that inter-lens methodology we

want to ask ourselves

how do you all experience my act of

prayer

how do you understand it how do you make

sense of it

to make this more tangible perhaps you

can imagine yourself walking by

and you see a fellow peer or colleague

or friend in their dorm room as they’re

praying their evening prayers

or perhaps you walk by somebody in their

colleague at work and you see them in

their workspace with their face on the

ground in prostration

how do you make sense of that what would

your reaction be

what has your reaction been

is it the usual you do you bro kind of

attitude

or is it is there a kind of like a way

we can lean into it perhaps

leading into that inter lens snapshot

i want to use interfaith but intra lens

snapshot

where you might not have the same sets

of beliefs or values or perspectives or

attitudes about prayer or

the metaphysics of it or what have you

if omar believes that prayer grounds him

in a deeper reality

how do you view yourself in relation to

that world

how does omar view you in relation to

that world is there a deeper reality

that you both share

do my beliefs cohere or rub against

omar’s view of things

if you try to think about these

questions a lot you’ll run into some

sticky points

i’m sure i do do it all the time i think

about these things and

i’m quite conf like concerned and

confused how can people from different

backgrounds

make sense of their views of things but

there is a bright side and that is you

learn a lot about yourself when you

engage in that practice

for one when you think about the power

of the fact that somebody might believe

something totally different

you’re confronted with questions about

what you believe how you make sense of

the world

perhaps you might think about how you

try to answer some of those questions

that your peers or colleagues

claim they have the answers to

perhaps you might even ask questions

about why you might have your certain

philosophical or theological or

spiritual

religious leanings that might be similar

or to

or different from your friends or peers

or your community or your colleagues

you ask yourself what stakes you have

for taking certain beliefs or values

ultimately you have to ask yourself

what effect does it have in the world

does my certain perspective or lens

affect how i navigate my my interactions

my job choices my career

my you know inter interpersonal

relationships

and i can say through my you know few

years of interreligious inter-spiritual

interpersonal exploration

i’ve seen the value personally and with

others

of leaning into those potential

instances of consternation

and pause and even confusion sometimes

vehement disagreement

something gets bad but

it’s also a place where you learn a lot

about yourself and a lot about others

for one you can at the very least say

that you know where somebody’s coming

from you might end up sharing their

beliefs or values

or disagreeing with them vehemently but

it’s in

it’s in instances like that where you

can say that you have at least engaged

honestly authentically intentionally

in a pursuit of pluralism cooperation

and coexistence

it’s when you know how to situate your

life in the lives

in the lives of others and your life and

situate yourself in the lives of others

in the lives of others in yours

that’s really challenging because it

takes us out of our

many silos or compartments of thought

but it’s certainly valuable and it’s

also really vulnerable

it’s quite put yourself in that

situation it’s a very vulnerable act

because when you allow yourself to wear

the lenses of others

you are saying hey it’s okay for me to

expand my thoughts

to grow a little bit but it’s also

really brave

because it means that you’re invested

it means you’re invested in building

bridges with the others

building bridges with your peers your

friends your colleagues your family

who you may or may not see eye to eye

with so when we reflect about

the differences of our perspectives or

lenses religiously spiritually

philosophically or what have you

the ones that hit at the core of our

existence i invite us all to

potentially simmer in

those contentious moments in those

disagreements

about what the world is those big

questions of meaning and value and truth

and to perhaps wear the lenses

of your friends or colleagues

maybe just maybe you’ll like what you

see

thank you very much

[音乐]

[音乐]

以上帝

之名最仁慈最仁慈的

我想花点时间和

大家一起反思一下我刚才所说

的不要担心我不打算使用

这个平台

宗教讲道或

神学辩论 有些人觉得

神圣的演讲和神圣的谈话

在 ted 演讲中没有立足之地

其他人可能觉得你有一点联系

甚至

可能支持我 意识到

这是一个

常见的 ted 谈话噱头,以吸引你的

注意力

并打开我晚上的调用,

有些事情告诉我所有这些都是事实,

但真正的意图是引发

我相信我们的反应

对一些人来说可能非常多样化,但

对许多人来说,我

今年

在米德尔伯里学院担任跨信仰研究员的角色我认为

我的大部分工作将参与

校园内不同宗教和精神团体的活动策划,

你知道的 我们

有跨信仰晚宴的各种事情

也许是一次志愿服务旅行

可以

为校园杂志

或牧师办公室的小册子制作精美照片的事情,或者你

有什么,

但说实话,我

对活动节目安排不那么感兴趣 另一方面,

我对更

真实的跨信仰体验更感兴趣,

这种体验承认

我们共同

持有

的多元化

合作甚至共存理想核心的紧张关系,别担心,我

不是在谈论我们所认为的那些紧张关系

所有人都可以轻松地

从宗教或非宗教背景的人的历史中提取例子,

因为他们

对自己的 说得非常

轻松,

我说的是一种更基本的

体验,

这种体验是

我们如何

从根本上看待彼此的核心,

在这一点上告诉你,我认为

信仰间这个词实际上是非常无用的,这可能是有用的

尽管我的头衔是跨信仰研究员,但我试图与这个词保持距离

,我认为出于几个原因,我将

分享

一些我认为跨信仰一词

对人类间工作的类型做出了某些假设

就像值得做的事情,例如,

对于那些没有

从信仰背景体验他们的世界的人来说,这可能是非常排斥的

,例如佛教徒

可能

有更多基于实践的生活方式,

当然无神论者或不可知论者没有

像传统信仰方式那样的信仰 看待

他们的生活或他们如何与

周围的世界打交道,但

对于那些确实来自传统信仰背景的人来说,这也可能是一种疏远

从多个角度看世界

,而不仅仅是从他们的宗教或灵性的角度来看,

所以

在我作为

跨信仰研究员的时候,我更感兴趣的工作是

从不同的角度看待我们如何体验世界

我们

参与这个世界

的镜头甚至可以称为 inter-lens 工作

我们认为

在我们浏览我们的经验时所采取的行动和感受的不同镜头

可能是通过一个纯粹

或相当宗教的框架

他们通过一个

宗教视角

来浏览世界 其他人可能是通过一种完全

非宗教、

非有神论、非神学甚至

非实践为基础的生活方式

,对我们大多数人来说,这是一种混合的东西,

也许我们的宗教教养可能会影响

我们的价值观或信仰,

对于某些宗教信仰的人来说

培养

这些价值观和信仰

正是我们想要定义自己

的对立面,

但现实是我们都有镜头

我们用它亲自参与这个世界

我参与这个世界的镜头来自一个相当

虔诚的人 通常驾驭

事物 这就是我想要驾驭

事物的方式

这是一种信念,即我们都在

神圣的注视下,这实际上就是我

认为世界的运作

方式 不仅仅是像你这样的我,当我

发表演讲时,还有一个精神

宗教层面

它包括你们所有人以及更广阔的

世界和宇宙,

但也许还有其他人

从一个完全不同的角度看待这个演讲,

从它的角度来看,这只是一个很酷的

ted 演讲,而且

你不知道在神学

或精神上

可能有附加条件 有些人

不同的神圣凝视的角度来看这个谈话,也许我们会

称之为婆罗门,或者我可以称之为阿拉,

不管我们是从什么角度看待事物的

不同的镜头

,我觉得这有点奇怪,如果

你稍微

想想,也许甚至很有趣你能想象

也许

你认识的人两排或两排我正

试图将它收集到

两排或两排座位之外 你

假设他们是医学预科,他们正在

从事医学事业,他们从事医学事业的最佳

理由是

为了

荣耀他们的主和救世主

耶稣基督,

而他们上下两排可能

是另一排 医学预科

生认为从事医学事业

纯粹是帮助他们的同胞的一种手段

假设他们是世俗的人文主义者,

没有附加任何神圣的条件

再次我们拥有不同的视角

我们现在可以参与这个世界

我认为那是 相当引人注目,

你知道可能有一些主要的

一些更主流的看待

世界的方式

也许你知道我的神圣

凝视版本可能

不是大多数人

思考他们经历的常见主流方式

你知道,而且我想强调一下

,我的很多工作都没有关注诸如

谁是正确的观点或错误的

观点,哪个更有意义,

更没有意义

,哪个或多或少是合理

的,我关注的工作是

尝试解决诸如

存在哪些类型的镜头之类的问题,

这些不同的

观点和镜头

有多

受欢迎 其中一些差异

可能非常严重并导致

紧张我们如何应对世界上

不同镜头或观点之间存在紧张关系

的情况

我将解决其中一些问题,

也许更像是一个更

个人的例子

,那就是 我认为全球

数以百万计的穆斯林

都经历过的例子,

当然也包括

可能与神圣的transc有联系的非穆斯林

最终的力量

或存在,这就是祈祷的例子,

你们都想一想我如何参与祈祷对你们来说意味着什么,因为你们

中的一些人可能知道穆斯林被

宗教规定或要求

每天祈祷五次

,这意味着五次 一天

我们进行仪式清洗或

洗礼,如果你想要

我们会用阿拉伯语做的技术术语

,一天五次我们进行仪式性的大

礼拜仪式鞠躬我们背诵古兰经的

恳求和

经文,我们将我们的需求

和我们的经验传达给我们的人 相信是

上帝

亲自说话祈祷是一种

神圣联系的行为,也是一种

将自己

与灵魂的形而上学和精神

寄托联系起来的方式

,甚至使自己立足于

超越的目的,

但使用这种镜头间方法,我们

想问自己

如何 你们都经历过我的

祈祷

吗?你怎么理解它?你怎么理解它

,让它变得更具体?也许你

可以想象你自己walki 过去

,你看到一个同事或同事

或朋友在他们的宿舍里做

晚祷,

或者你

在工作的同事中路过某个人,你看到他们在

他们的工作区,脸

伏在地上做礼拜

你怎么理解

你的反应你的反应是

什么你的反应

是你平时

的态度吗? 快照

我想使用信仰间但镜头内的

快照

,在这种情况下,您可能对祈祷或其形而上学没有相同

的信仰或价值观或观点或

态度

,或者

如果奥马尔认为祈祷使他

处于更深层次的现实中,

那么您有什么? 你如何看待自己与

那个世界的关系

奥马尔如何看待你与

那个世界的关系 是否有一个更深层次的

现实你们都分享

如果你尝试去了解我的信念是否一致或与奥马尔对事物的看法相冲突 nk 关于这些

问题很多,你会遇到一些

棘手的问题

对事物的看法,但

也有好的一面,那就是

当你为一个人进行

这种练习时,

你会学到很多关于自己的知识

你相信你是如何理解

这个世界的

也许你可能会想你是如何

尝试回答

一些你的同行或同事

声称他们有答案的问题

也许你甚至可能会

问为什么你可能有你的某些

哲学或神学 或

与你的朋友、同龄人

、你的社区或你的同事可能相似或不同的精神宗教倾向

你问自己你有什么利害关系

采取某些信念或价值观

最终你必须问自己

它对世界有什么影响

知道

几年的跨宗教跨灵性

人际关系探索

我个人和其他人都看到

了倾向于那些潜在

的惊愕

和停顿甚至混乱

的情况的价值

你自己和很多关于他人

的事情 你至少可以

说你知道某人来自

哪里

至少在追求多元合作与共存方面

诚实地、真实地、有意地参与

当您知道如何将自己

的生活置于他人的生活中以及您的生活中,

并将自己置于他人的生活中,以及将自己置于他人

的生活中时,

这才是真正具有挑战性的,因为它

使我们摆脱了

许多孤岛或隔间 思想,

但它肯定是有价值的,它

也非常脆弱,

它让自己处于那种

境地,这是一个非常脆弱的行为,

因为当你允许自己戴上

别人的镜片时,

你是在说,嘿,我可以

扩展我的想法

来成长一点 有点,但它也

很勇敢,

因为这意味着你投入了

这意味着你投入了

与他人

建立桥梁与同龄人建立桥梁你的

朋友你的同事你的

家人你可能会或可能不会意见

一致的人所以当 我们反思

我们的观点或镜头的差异

宗教精神

哲学 或者你有

什么影响我们存在的核心

我邀请我们所有人 在那些关于世界是什么的分歧中,有

可能

在那些有争议的时刻酝酿这些

关于意义、价值和真理的大问题

,也许戴上

你朋友或同事的镜片,

也许你会喜欢你所

看到的

,非常感谢