Begin endoflife conversations today

when i first heard

my loved ones terminal diagnosis

i’d spent six years of my career

researching

representations of laws in literature

but that didn’t prepare me for the news

i didn’t know what to say or do to make

things better

i found myself no longer researching

representations of loss

i was at a loss

i kept asking myself what did i miss how

could i be so

unprepared so i went back to my books

and i discovered from one myth and

several end of life

memoirs that my family and i could have

been

more prepared you can be more prepared

i’m here today to share with you some of

my findings

so let’s begin with the myth in greek

mythology

sisyphus is a cunning human king

and a rebel against the olympian gods he

is condemned

by zeus king of the gods to roll a giant

boulder

up a hill see it roll down again

walk down the hill to retrieve the

boulder and repeat the process

forever this story of fruitless labor

has captured the imagination of many

thinkers

including algerian french writer albert

kamu

kamu regards sisyphus’s situation as

absurd he tells us that we recognize

absurdity when we encounter an

experience in life which is neither

meaningful

nor explainable case in point the

sicipian task

but instead of a sisyphus who questions

pointlessly

why is this happening to me why do i

have to roll a giant boulder

up and down the hill for eternity

camus invites us to imagine sisyphus

happy as he defies the greek god’s

expectations

that misery would surely follow his

absurd

predicament

kamu wants us to picture this that every

time sisyphus walks down the hill to

retrieve the boulder

he imagines every grain of sand

and every mineral flick of that hill to

contain within

it a world to be lived

and experienced in a personally

meaningful

way the multitude of worlds

generated by the sand grains and mineral

flakes would allow sisyphus to live

a multitude of personally meaningful

lives this shift of focus from pointless

questioning

to imagining the possibility of living

a personally meaningful life in the face

of absurdity

is also encapsulated in stories written

by terminally ill writers

why is this happening to me this is a

question shared

by many patients upon hearing their

terminal diagnosis

but the sense of absurdity doesn’t end

there

it recurs as the body becomes

increasingly unresponsive

to the desire for it to be well again or

to offer a satisfactory answer to the

question

why me why now when there’s so much to

look forward to in life

when patients describe how their lives

have been turned upside down

by a terminal illness they are

describing how a life that was

full of potential is suddenly turned

into a potentially

meaningless one

but instead of remaining caught in this

feeling

writers like paul kalanithi and georgia

blaine overcome their initial response

to lead personally meaningful lives at

the end of life

how do they accomplish this i think this

has something to do

with the awareness that time is dual

both qualitative and quantitative

let’s begin thinking about quantitative

time

quantitative time is a more familiar

concept to us

because it is clock time in terms of

hours

minutes seconds that flow from past

present to future

deadlines anniversaries and milestones

in life all contribute to this sense of

certainty that your life flows in this

trajectory

but terminal illness disrupts this sense

of certainty

as it up ends our daily schedule and

threatens to shut down our future plans

to fulfill our hopes and dreams

what can medicine do to postpone my

death

this is a practical question to ask our

healthcare provider

but a second question it should be

paired with is how do i continue to live

a personally meaningful life as i

undergo treatment

we’ll get back to this question in a bit

for now

the desire to live to extend

clock time is perfectly reasonable

indeed a large part of innovation and

advancement in medical technology

is driven by the impetus to prolonged

lives

but a singular focus on extending clock

time

at all costs is potentially harmful to

us because it could lead us to demand

treatments that cannot cure us

extraordinary life-sustaining treatments

that only prolong the dying process when

death is imminent

and the delay or rejection of pain

management

or palliative care for better quality of

life

at the end of life

in other words a needlessly messy

and painful dying process which not only

breaks the body

but also the spirit every step

of the way

this leads me back to the question how

do i continue to live

a personally meaningful life as i

undergo

treatment

the concept of a personally meaningful

life is tied to the awareness that time

is qualitative too that it is not just

clock time the concept of a qualitative

time is

less familiar to us because we don’t

usually think about it

we live it intuitively we cannot count

it

but its intensity can be felt

paul callanity a doctor by vocation

was passionate about his job and stayed

with it for as long as he was well

enough to do so

describes this intensity of qualitative

time in these words and i quote

two hours can feel like a minute

unquote when you’re doing something

that’s

important to you which you’re passionate

about

you are living life intensely

georgia blaine a language lover and

writer who continued writing for as long

as she was able to

regarding living intensely as keeping

her alive

she tells us and i quote so long as i

continue

spinning these tales i will be spared

i will live to see another day

unquote instead of becoming

fixated on extending clock time at all

costs

kalanithi and blame proactively juggled

their treatment schedule

and doing what’s important to them

in the face of healthcare’s tendency to

speak for the patient

considering what a personally meaningful

life looks like to us

alongside treatment options schedules

and limitations

will allow us will empower us the

patients

to play an active role in our care

in many ways we are all terminal death

is inevitable and dying really shouldn’t

be a taboo subject

studies have shown that avoiding

conversations about preparing for the

end

could lead patients their family members

and even healthcare professionals into a

false dichotomy

that is thinking you only have two

options either you go

all out to save the patients at all

costs

or you simply let the patient die

but there is a third way and that is to

prepare

early by having conversations with your

loved ones on

what does a personally meaningful life

look like to me

in the face of a debilitating illness

based on these conversations in the

events of an illness

fruitful discussions can begin

on treatment options schedules and

limitations that will allow you to live

as much as possible

the rest of your personal story on your

own terms

these conversations about each and every

one of us do not have to happen only as

we are

months or weeks away from death it

should occur throughout

our lives because priorities

change

the answer to the question what is a

personally

meaningful life to me in the face of a

debilitating illness

does not have to be extremely profound

to have

an impact on one’s quality of life at

the end of life

a patient said that it was important to

her

to improve her relationship with her

estranged

daughter and should she lose the

capacity to speak

or to care for herself she didn’t want

pain and she didn’t want to smell

bad between her cancer diagnosis

and her eventual death from the illness

she attended her daughter’s wedding

which she felt gave her the opportunity

to fulfill her role as a mother

and when she slipped into a coma her

healthcare team and loved ones took

extra care to honor her wishes to make

sure that she felt as little pain as

possible

and that she didn’t smell bad

crucially end of life conversations not

only allow us to take stock

regularly of what a personally

meaningful life looks like to us

it also helps prepare our loved ones to

know how best to care for us when we can

no longer speak

for ourselves

like sisyphus and kalanithi and blaine

we all share the capacity to imagine

what a personally meaningful life looks

like to us

if there’s only one message that you

take away from this talk today

i hope it is this start the end of life

conversations with your loved ones today

and in the face of absurdity

never stop imagining sisyphus happy

thank you

当我第一次听到

我所爱的人的临终诊断时,

我花了六年的职业生涯

研究

文学中的法律表述,

但这并没有让我为新闻做好准备,

我不知道该说什么或做什么来让

事情变得更好

我发现 我自己不再研究

失去的表现

我很茫然

我一直在问自己我错过了什么我怎么

毫无准备所以我回到我的书

我从一个神话和

几本临终

回忆录中发现我的家人和我

你可以准备得更充分

我今天在这里与你分享

我的一些发现

让我们从希腊神话中的神话开始

众神之王将一块巨石滚

上山 看到它再次滚下

走下山去取回

巨石并永远重复这个过程

这个徒劳无功的故事

吸引了许多思想家的想象力,

包括 g 阿尔及利亚法国作家 albert

kamu kamu 认为西西弗斯的处境

很荒谬,他告诉我们,

当我们遇到

一种既没

有意义

也无法解释的生活经历时,我们会认识到荒谬,因为

西西弗斯的任务

而不是一个

毫无意义地质疑

为什么会发生这种情况的西西弗斯 对我来说,为什么我

必须在山上滚下一块巨大的巨石以

达到永恒

加缪让我们想象西西弗斯是

快乐的,因为他违背了希腊上帝的

期望

,即痛苦肯定会跟随他的

荒谬

困境

卡姆希望我们

每次都想象这一点 西西弗斯 走下山去

取回巨石

他想象那座山上的每一粒沙子

和每一粒矿物都会

其中包含一个以

个人

有意义的

方式生活和体验的世界

由沙粒和矿物

薄片产生的众多世界将 让西西弗斯过

上许多有意义的生活

想象

在荒谬的情况下过上有意义的生活的

可能性也包含在绝症作家写的故事中

它并没有就此结束

它会再次出现,因为身体

对恢复健康的愿望越来越没有反应,或者

为什么我为什么现在

当患者描述他们如何 生命

因绝症而颠倒了

他们正在

描述一个

充满潜力的生活如何突然

变成一种可能

毫无意义的生活,

而不是继续陷入这种

感觉,

像保罗卡拉尼西和

乔治亚布莱恩这样的作家克服了他们最初

对领导的反应 生命尽头的个人有意义的生活

他们如何实现这一点我认为这

有一些东西 g 关于

时间是

定性和定量的双重认识

让我们开始考虑定量

时间

定量时间对我们来说是一个更熟悉的

概念,

因为它是时钟

时间,从过去的

现在到未来的

最后期限周年和

生命中的里程碑都有助于这种确定感,

即您的生活会沿着这条轨迹流动,

但绝症会破坏这种

确定感,

因为它结束了我们的日常日程,并

威胁要关闭

我们实现希望和梦想的未来计划

医学能做什么 为了推迟我的

死亡,

这是一个要问我们的医疗保健提供者的实际问题,

但应该与之配对的第二个问题

是,在我接受治疗时,我如何继续过上

有意义的个人生活,

我们稍后再谈这个问题

现在,延长

时钟时间的愿望是完全合理的,这

确实是医学创新和进步的很大一部分

技术

是由延长生命的动力驱动的,

不惜一切代价只关注延长时钟时间可能对我们有害,

因为它可能导致我们

需要无法治愈我们的治疗方法

非凡的维持生命的治疗

方法只会在死亡时延长死亡过程

迫在眉睫

,延迟或拒绝疼痛

管理

或姑息治疗以在

生命

结束时获得更好的生活质量

,换句话说,这是一个不必要的混乱

和痛苦的死亡过程,它不仅

会破坏身体

,还会破坏精神

这导致的每一步 我回到这个问题,

当我

接受

治疗时,我如何

继续过一种有意义的生活

我们不太熟悉,因为我们

通常不去想

它我们凭直觉生活我们无法计算

它,

但可以感觉到它的强度

paul callanity 一个职业医生

对他的工作充满热情

,只要他足够好就一直坚持下去,

用这些话描述了这种定性时间的强度

对你很重要的事情,你对你

充满热情,

你正在过着强烈的生活

乔治亚布莱恩,一位语言爱好者和

作家,

只要她能够将

紧张的生活视为让

她活着,

她就会继续写作,她告诉我们,我引用了这么长时间 当我

继续

编造这些故事时,我将幸免于难,

我将活着看到另一天

不被引用,而不是

不惜一切代价地延长时钟时间

kalanithi 和责备主动调整

他们的治疗计划

,并

在面对医疗保健的趋势时做对他们重要的事情

考虑到对我们来说个人有意义的生活是什么

样的,

以及治疗方案的时间表

和限制,代表患者

说话 l 允许我们将赋予我们

患者

在我们的护理中发挥积极作用的

许多方面我们都是

临终的死亡是不可避免的,死亡真的不

应该是一个禁忌话题

研究表明,避免

谈论为临终做准备

可能会导致患者 他们的家人

甚至医疗保健专业人员陷入

错误的二分法

,认为您只有两种

选择,要么

全力以赴不惜一切代价拯救患者,

要么让患者死亡,

但还有第三种方法,那就是及早

做好准备

通过与您的亲人进行对话,

了解

在面对使人衰弱的疾病时对我来说个人有意义的生活是什么样子

基于这些对话 在

疾病事件中进行

富有成效的讨论可以

开始治疗方案的时间表和

限制,这将使您能够

尽可能

按照你自己的方式生活你个人故事的其余部分

这些关于

我们每个人的谈话并不 只有当

我们

离死亡还有几个月或几周的时候

才会发生它应该在

我们的一生中发生,因为优先级会

改变

这个问题的答案

对一个人临终时的生活质量有影响

一位患者说,

改善与疏远女儿的关系对她来说很重要

,如果她失去

说话

或照顾自己的能力,她不想

痛苦和 她不想

在她的癌症诊断

和她最终死于疾病之间闻到不好的味道,

她参加了女儿的婚礼

,她觉得这让她有

机会履行她作为母亲的角色

,当她陷入昏迷时,她的

医疗团队爱上了她 一些人会

格外小心地满足她的愿望,以

确保她感到尽可能少的痛苦,

并且她没有闻到难闻的气味,

至关重要的是,临终谈话

不仅 我们定期评估

对我们个人

有意义的生活是什么样的,

这也有助于让我们的亲人

了解当我们不再像西西弗斯、卡拉尼西和布莱恩那样为自己说话时,如何最好地照顾我们。

我们都有共同的能力 想象

一下

如果你今天从这次谈话中只带走一条信息,那么对我们来说个人

有意义的生活是什么样的

开心

谢谢