A powerful nonpartisan solution to fix U.S. Politics

[Music]

everything i need to know about politics

i learned

from cheese for the last decade of my

business career i ran

a 250 million dollar food company in

wisconsin

yes we made cheese if customers liked my

cheese

i did well if they didn’t they bought

cheese from someone else

and i did less well that’s healthy

competition

healthy competition incentivizes

businesses

to make better products better products

equals happier customers and happier

customers equals successful businesses

win-win now while i was running gale

foods

i was also deeply engaged in

and increasingly frustrated by

politics the more frustrated i got

the more i wondered why competition in

politics didn’t deliver the same kind of

win-win results

how do the democrats and the republicans

keep

doing so well when their customers

that’s us are so unhappy

why is the politics industry win lose

they win we lose the answer

it turns out that one thing almost

all americans agree on washington

is broken is also one thing

we’re all wrong about

washington isn’t broken it’s

doing exactly what it’s designed to do

it’s just not designed to serve us the

citizens

the public interest most of the rules in

politics

are designed and continuously fine-tuned

by

and for the benefit of private

gain-seeking organizations that’s the

two parties a textbook duopoly

and the surrounding companies in the

business

of politics and they’re all

doing great even as the american public

has never been more dissatisfied said

another way

politics isn’t broken it’s

fixed this is a guiding principle of

politics industry theory the

non-partisan body of work

that i originated and have championed

over the last seven years

now before i go further i should tell

you i’m not on the red team

or the blue team i call myself

politically homeless which

may resonate with some of you and my

work doesn’t focus

blame on individual politicians on

either side of the duopoly

the root cause of our political

dysfunction

the cause that endures across all

election cycles and

all administrations is the system

the perverted rules of the game

the rules of the game and politics even

make prisoners of our senators and

representatives

their only option is lockstep

allegiance to their side of the divide

so what do we do about it how do we free

our

congress and make politics win win

we change the rules but which ones

it’s not what we think it’s not

gerrymandering

not the electoral college not the

absence of term limits

and not even money in politics really

by looking at the system through a

competition lens

politics industry theory identifies the

two rules

that are both our greatest obstacles and

our greatest opportunities

they’ve been hiding in plain sight

let’s start with bad rule number one

party

primaries you all know primaries those

first-round elections that we mostly

ignore

the ones that identify the single

republican

and the single democrat who can appear

on the november general election ballot

party primaries have become low turnout

elections

dominated by highly ideological

voters and special interests

candidates know that the only way to

make it to the general election ballot

in november

is to win the favor of these more

extreme partisans in the primary

so candidates from both parties

have little choice but to move towards

those extremes

why does this matter because it

dramatically affects

governing and not in a good way

imagine you’re a member of congress

you’re deciding how to vote

on a bipartisan bill that addresses a

critical national challenge

you might ask yourself is this a good

idea

is this what the majority of my

constituents want

but that’s not how it works in the

politics industry

instead the question that matters most

to you

is will i win my next party primary if

i vote for this bill the answer

is almost always no consensus solutions

don’t win party primaries let’s

illustrate this key design flaw with a

venn diagram

in the current system there’s virtually

no intersection

no connection between congress acting in

the public interest and the likelihood

of their getting reelected

if america’s elected representatives do

their jobs the way we need them to

they’re likely to lose those jobs that

is crazy no wonder congress doesn’t get

anything done

okay now let’s talk about bad rule

number two

plurality voting which i’ll explain in

just a moment

in any other industry as big and as

thriving as politics with

this much customer dissatisfaction and

only two companies some entrepreneur

would see a phenomenal business

opportunity and create a new competitor

but that doesn’t happen in politics

our current parties don’t feel

competitive pressure to serve the public

interest

in large part because of

one rule that keeps out almost

all new competition plurality voting

it sounds fancy but it simply means

the candidate with the most votes wins

that also seems logical but it’s a

really

bad idea why

because in the united states you can win

almost any election even if a majority

didn’t vote for you for example

in this three-ray race the winner only

has

34 percent of the votes 66 percent of

the voters

most people wanted someone else

with plurality voting we may not feel

free to vote for the candidate we really

want because we’re afraid that we’ll

just waste our vote

or worse will spoil the election

so if you think back to the 2016

presidential race

voters on the right who liked

libertarian candidate gary johnson

were told by the republicans don’t

vote for him he’s just a spoiler he’ll

take votes away from

trump and help elect hillary and voters

on the left

who liked green party candidate jill

stein were told by the democrats

don’t vote for her she’s just a spoiler

she’ll take votes away from hillary and

help elect trump

the spoiler problem that comes from

plurality voting

is the single biggest reason almost

nobody knew

outside the duopoly ever runs or gets

any traction

because everyone knows they don’t stand

a chance politics

is the only industry where we’re

regularly told that

less competition is better and if

there’s never any new competition

the existing parties aren’t accountable

to us for results

because they don’t need us to like

what they’re doing they only need us to

choose

one of them as the lesser of two evils

or to

just stay home the founders foresaw

our situation and they warned us

as when john adams said there is

nothing which i dread so much as a

division of the republic

into two great parties each arranged

under its leader and concerting measures

in opposition to each other

now there’s nothing inherently wrong

with parties or

even having only two major parties the

problem is

the current two are guaranteed to remain

the

only two regardless of what they do or

don’t get

done on behalf of the country does this

sound like the best we can do

of course not so the founders gave us

what they knew we’d need

they gave us this our constitution

there’s a reason it’s called the pocket

constitution

it’s short guess what’s not in here

instructions on how to run our elections

crazy rules like party primaries and

plurality voting

they’re made up but thanks to what is in

here

article one they’re optional

article one gives every state the power

to change the rules of election for

congress at any time

personally i think now sounds like the

perfect time

and here’s where we turn nonpartisan

politics industry theory into action

the political innovation we need is what

i call

final five voting with final five voting

we make two simple changes to our

elections for congress

we get rid of what doesn’t work party

primaries and plurality voting

and replace it with what will work

open top five primaries and instant

runoffs in the general election

let me explain these changes with an

example of final five voting

in a hypothetical and kind of cool

election so here we have eight

candidates

from four different political parties

alexander hamilton george washington

abigail adams all the way through to

aaron burr

ambitious as ever immediately you notice

how diverse this field is

it’s a primary people would want to vote

in because it’s exciting

it has experience and vision but it’s

also

young scrappy and hungry okay maybe not

so young and because this is an open

primary all eight candidates are on the

same ballot

regardless of party when the results are

in the top five finishers move on to the

november election

again regardless of party

in the general election voters pick

their favorite

just like always but then if they would

like

they can also rank their

second third fourth and last

choices you may have heard of this idea

as

ranked choice voting here’s where things

get interesting

if this election were a plurality vote

like normal

aaron burr would win because he has the

most first place votes

30 percent but because this is final

five voting

the winner will be the candidate who’s

most popular with a majority

not just with a narrow slice of voters

so we use instant runoffs we drop the

candidate who came in last

and those who had marked that candidate

as their first choice

get their second choice counted instead

the process continues until a candidate

emerges with a majority

it’s just like a series of runoffs but

instead of having to keep coming back

for another election

voters simply cast all their votes at

once

and after those results are in alexandra

hamilton

wins with 68 percent of the vote

final five voting is the name

for this combination of top five

primaries and instant runoff general

elections

we must change both rules at the same

time

because it’s how they work in

combination

that transforms the incentives in

politics

the ultimate purpose of final fight

voting is not necessarily to change who

wins

it’s to change what the winners are

incentivized to do

under this system the message of

congress is

do your job or lose your job innovate

reach across the aisle whenever it’s

helpful

and come up with real solutions to our

problems and create

new opportunities for progress or

be guaranteed new and healthy

competition

in the next election final five voting

gives voters more choice

more voice and most importantly better

results i like to call it free market

politics

because it will deliver the best of what

healthy competition delivers in

any industry innovation results

and accountability now before you think

that i’m

just making a naive over promise of some

crazy unattainable utopia i want to

clarify that i’m not

i agree with winston churchill when he

said

democracy is the worst form of

government out there

except when compared to all the others

democracy is messy and hard and what we

have now

is messy hard and

bad results really bad results

with final five voting we’ll have messy

hard and good results to show for it

and perhaps the most amazing part of all

of this

final five voting is powerful and

achievable we now have proof

in 2017 i published my early work on

politics industry theory through harvard

business school

with my co-author michael porter the

report

made its way to alaska where scott

kendall read it and then

he took action scott

used the work to design a ballot

initiative

including these new rules just last

month

november 2020 alaska voters

passed this initiative and alaska became

the first state in the nation to choose

healthy competition

in elections for congress they won’t be

the last

it’s devastating to really face

how little we’ve come to expect from our

politics

we think this is normal we complain

about it

but we’ve almost given up believing that

it could ever be different

but this is no way to run the shining

city on a hill that is america

we can choose different our constitution

gives us that power and i believe the

responsibility

to remake our politics when we need to

and we need to with the greatest

urgency and without fatigue we must

aggressively reclaim

the enormous promise of the great

american experiment of our

american politics our

politics not read politics not blue

politics

ours thank you

you

[音乐]

我需要了解的有关政治的一切

我在商业生涯的最后十年里从奶酪中学到的东西

我在威斯康星州经营着

一家价值 2.5 亿美元的食品公司

是的,如果顾客喜欢我的奶酪,我们就做奶酪

从别人那里买奶酪

,我做得不太好,这是健康的

竞争

健康的竞争激励

企业生产更好的产品 更好的产品

等于更快乐的客户 更快乐的

客户等于成功的企业

双赢 现在我在经营大风

食品

我也深入参与

并越来越多 对

政治感到沮丧 我越沮丧

越想知道为什么

政治竞争没有带来同样

的双赢结果

当他们的客户就是我们的客户如此不高兴时,民主党人和共和党人如何保持如此出色

政治 行业 赢 输

他们赢 我们输了答案

事实证明,几乎

所有美国人都同意华盛顿的一件事

是坏掉 en 也是

我们都错的一件事

华盛顿没有被破坏 它

完全按照它的设计目的去做

它只是不是为了为我们

公民服务 公众利益 大多数政治规则

都是由以下人员设计并不断微调

并且为了私人谋取利益的

组织,即

两党的教科书双头垄断

和政治业务中的周边公司

,他们都

做得很好,即使美国公众

从未如此不满意说

政治不是另一种方式 打破它已

修复这是

政治行业理论的指导原则

在过去七年中发起并支持的无党派工作

现在在我走得更远之前我应该告诉

你我不是红队

或蓝队 我称自己在

政治上无家可归的团队,这

可能会引起你们中的一些人的共鸣,而且我的

工作并没有将重点

归咎于双头垄断双方的个别政客,这

是我们政治的根本原因 严重的

功能

障碍 贯穿所有

选举周期和

所有政府的原因是

制度 扭曲的

游戏规则 游戏规则和政治甚至

使我们的参议员和众议员的囚犯成为

他们唯一的选择是步调一致地

效忠于他们的分歧一方,

所以 我们该怎么做 我们如何释放

我们的

国会并让政治赢得胜利

我们改变规则,但哪些规则

不是我们认为的,

不是选举团,不是

没有任期限制

,甚至没有政治上的钱

竞争的角度

看系统 我们大多

忽略

了那些能识别出唯一

共和党人

和唯一民主党人的选举 梨子

在 11 月大选投票

党内初选已成

为由高度意识形态

选民和特殊利益

候选人主导的低投票率选举

主要的,

所以两党的候选人

别无选择,只能走向

那些极端。

为什么这很重要,因为它会

极大地影响

治理,而不是

想象你是国会议员,

你正在决定如何

对两党法案进行投票 解决一个

关键的国家挑战

你可能会问自己这是一个好

主意这是我的大多数

选民想要的

但这不是它在

政治行业的运作方式

而是对你来说最重要的问题

是我会赢得我的下一个政党初选如果

我投票支持该法案

答案几乎总是没有达成共识 解决方案

不会赢得党内初选 让我们来

说明这个关键 design flaw with a

venn diagram

in the current system there’s virtually

no intersection

no connection between congress acting in

the public interest and the likelihood

of their getting reelected

if america’s elected representatives do

their jobs the way we need them to

they’re likely to lose those 工作

很疯狂 难怪国会

什么都做

不好 现在让我们谈谈糟糕的

第二条

多数投票规则,我稍后会解释

在任何其他像政治一样大和繁荣的行业中,

这么多客户的不满和

只有两家公司 一些企业家

会看到一个惊人的商业

机会并创造一个新的竞争对手,

但这不会发生在政治上

我们当前的政党在很大程度上没有感受到

为公众利益服务的竞争压力,

因为

一条规则几乎阻止了

所有 新的竞争多元化投票

听起来很花哨,但这只是意味着

得票最多的候选人获胜

ems 合乎逻辑,但这是一个

非常

糟糕的主意,为什么

因为在美国,

即使大多数

人没有投票给你,你也几乎可以赢得任何选举,例如

在这场三道光的比赛中,获胜者只有

34% 的选票 66% 的选票

大多数人都希望其他人

拥有多数票我们可能无法

随意投票给我们真正想要的候选人,

因为我们担心我们

会浪费我们的选票,

或者更糟的是会破坏选举

所以如果你回想一下 2016

共和党告诉喜欢自由主义候选人加里约翰逊的

右翼总统竞选选民不要

投票给

斯坦被民主党人告知

不要投票给她

没有人知道

在双头垄断之外曾经运行或获得

任何牵引力,

因为每个人都知道他们没有

机会政治

是唯一一个我们

经常被告知

竞争越少越好的行业,如果

没有任何新的

竞争,现有的政党就没有

对我们的结果负责,

因为他们不需要我们喜欢

他们正在做的事情,他们只需要我们

选择

其中一个作为两个邪恶中的较小者,

或者

只是呆在家里创始人预见到

了我们的情况,他们警告

我们什么时候 约翰亚当斯说,

没有什么比

共和国分裂

成两个大

党更让我害怕的

了 无论他们代表国家做什么或不做什么

,目前的两个都保证仍然

唯一的两个,

听起来像是我们能做的最好

的 c 我们的不是这样,创始人给了我们

他们知道我们需要的东西,

他们给了我们我们的宪法,

这是有原因的,它被称为袖珍

宪法

,简而言之,这里没有

关于如何进行选举的说明,

如政党初选和多元化投票等疯狂规则

它们是编造的,但由于第一

条的内容,它们是可选的,第一

条赋予每个州

随时更改国会选举规则的权力,

我个人认为现在听起来是

完美的时机

,这就是我们转向的地方 将无党派

政治产业理论付诸行动

我们需要的政治创新就是

我所说的

最后五次投票和最后五次投票

我们对国会选举进行了两个简单的改变

我们摆脱了无效的政党

初选和多数投票

并取而代之 什么将

在大选中开放前五名初选和即时决选,

让我用一个

最后五名投票的例子来解释这些变化

理论性和酷炫的

选举,所以在这里我们有

来自四个不同政党的八名候选人

亚历山大·汉密尔顿·乔治·华盛顿

阿比盖尔·亚当斯一直到

亚伦·伯尔

雄心勃勃,你会立即注意到

这个领域有多么多样化,这是

人们想要投票的主要

领域 因为它令人兴奋,

它有经验和远见,但它

也很

年轻,好斗和饥饿,好吧,也许不是

那么年轻,因为这是一个公开的

初选,所有八名候选人都在

同一张选票上,

无论哪个政党,当结果进入前五名时,他们

继续前进

11 月的选举

再次举行,无论

大选中的哪个政党,选民都会

像往常一样选择他们最喜欢的,但如果他们

愿意,

他们也可以将他们的

第二个第三个第四个和最后一个

选择排名,你可能听说过这个想法,

因为

排名选择投票在这里事情

得到了 有趣的是,

如果这次选举是

像正常亚伦伯尔那样的多数票

会赢,因为他有最重要的

第一名的投票率为

30%,但因为这是最后的

五次

投票,获胜者将是最受多数人欢迎的候选人,

而不仅仅是一小部分选民,

所以我们使用即时决

选,我们放弃最后进入的候选人

和那些有 将该候选人标记

为他们的第一选择,

而不是计算他们的第二选择,

该过程继续进行,直到候选人

以多数票出现,

这就像一系列决选,但

不必继续回来

参加另一次选举,

选民只需立即投下所有选票,

然后 在获得这些结果之后,亚历山德拉·

汉密尔顿

以 68% 的选票获胜,

最后五名投票是

前五名

初选和即时

决选大选组合的名称,

我们必须同时改变这两条规则,

因为它们的

组合如何改变 政治上的激励

最终决战投票的最终目的

不一定是改变谁

它是改变w 在这个系统下,获胜者被

激励去做

国会的信息是

做好你的工作或失去你的工作

只要有帮助就在过道上进行创新,

并为我们的问题提出真正的解决方案

,创造

新的进步机会

或保证新的和

下一次选举中的健康竞争 最后五次投票

给选民更多选择

更多发言权,最重要的是更好的

结果 我喜欢称之为自由市场

政治,

因为它会在你认为之前

任何行业创新结果

和问责制中提供最好的健康竞争

只是天真地承诺了一些

疯狂的无法实现的

乌托邦 混乱而艰难,

我们现在所拥有的

是混乱的艰难和

糟糕的结果

,最后五次投票的结果真的很糟糕,我们将 有混乱的

艰难和良好的结果可以证明

,也许

最后五次投票中最令人惊奇的部分是强大且

可实现的,我们现在有证据

在 2017 年,我与我的同事通过哈佛商学院发表了我关于

政治产业理论的

早期工作 作者迈克尔·波特(michael porter)

报告传到了阿拉斯加,斯科特·

肯德尔(scott kendall)阅读了报告,然后

他采取了行动 斯科特

利用这项工作设计了一项投票

倡议,

其中包括这些新规则 就在上个月

2020 年 11 月,阿拉斯加选民

通过了这项倡议,阿拉斯加

成为第一个 国家在国会选举中选择

健康的竞争

他们不会

是最后一个

真正面对

我们对政治的期望如此之低是毁灭性的

我们认为这是正常的 我们

抱怨它

但我们几乎放弃了相信

它可能会有所不同,

但这

不是在美国的山丘上管理这座闪亮的城市

我们可以选择不同的方式 我们的宪法

赋予我们权力 r 和我相信,

当我们需要时,我们有责任以最紧迫的方式重塑我们的政治,

并且不感到疲倦,我们必须

积极地收回

伟大的

美国实验的巨大承诺,我们的

美国政治我们的

政治不读政治不蓝

政治

谢谢你