Structural Procrastination An Effective Way to Procrastinate

[Applause]

so

when the organizers of this tedx event

first reached out to me and asked me

hey george do you want to do a tedx

event i almost immediately said yes i

mean

come on a tedx talk how cool does that

sound

but also immediately i realized a

problem

you see as a regular high school student

who just

didn’t cure cancer nor find a solution

to climate change

i didn’t know what i could talk about i

i mean granted i do have many interests

and hobbies but

i don’t think i’m good enough to talk

about them and give you

insights so i was kind of hopeless

and just as i was about to postpone on

making that decision

it struck me i am indeed good and

proficient

sometimes too proficient at something

and that’s something

is procrastination and anyone who knows

me well

will know and they will not doubt even

the slightest bit on my expertise

towards this field

in fact the script of this very talk was

completed

about two hours ago and i started

working on it on the subway

coming to coming here so

put that aside uh there is a more

serious and arguably more important

reason

as to why i eventually chose

procrastination as my topic

and that is i think there is an

overwhelmingly

negative sentiment towards

procrastination in fact

i mean you there’s a lot of chinese

audience here you’ll know that

the chinese translation for

procrastination contains the very word

for disease and recently a variation of

it

which substitutes disease for cancer has

also been gaining wide usage

on chinese social media

in addition to that you have countless

books

courses articles and other resources

that aims at

curing procrastination and they say

they explain in length how bad

procrastination is to you

and they try to teach you myriads of

methods and ways and tricks

to help you get out of it and yeah so

over time it is completely

understandable that one becomes

worried if not frightened by the notion

of procrastination

and once they start to see signs of

procrastination exhibiting in themselves

they start actively trying to avoid and

getting rid of it

um but that doesn’t usually work out i

mean

show me uh by a show of hands how many

you

think you are yourself a procrastinator

exactly so you know how hard it is to

overcome procrastination

so when this doesn’t work out you

usually fall into

self-doubt and misery why am i so bad

why am i failing at everything in my

life

and that in turn actually leads to more

procrastination

right so this is a vicious cycle of

course and we don’t want that to happen

um

sorry and that is a vicious cycle of

course and we don’t want that to happen

um but basically what i’m trying to say

is that

i wish that we can evaluate

procrastination more carefully

and with more nuance but there is a

disclaimer that i want to make

first which is that i’m not trying to

advocate procrastination here to any of

you

i’m not trying to say procrastination is

such a good thing that we should all

have it

procrastination has brought me

tremendous pressure over the years

that could have been easily avoidable

should i have not procrastinated

i mean the same goes for you as well

definitely

and um also uh procrastination is

definitely not good for anyone’s health

both physical health from pulling

one-nighters all-nighters

and mental health from just dealing with

multiple approaching last-minute

deadlines i understand

and frankly i i really want to be

someone who just

doesn’t procrastinate who just doesn’t

have to worry about how many minutes

are left before the next deadline

approaches and

someone who just in general lives an

organized and happy life

and from my personal experience i know

people like this do exist

they’re not an alien creature that’s

living in uh

planet earth so no

i’m not trying to say that

procrastination is good what i’m trying

to say

is simply for those procrastinators out

there i wish

that when you fin when you finish

listening to this talk you can walk away

and maybe just maybe view your

procrastinating habits

a little differently so with that let’s

get started

before my junior year of high school i

sort of had this very interesting

work habit um because the workload was

generally manageable and you know i

don’t have to stay

stay really late to finish all my

homework it allowed my habit

of procrastination to cultivate

so every night during study hall i would

sit down in front of my desk

i would start to recall okay what

homework do i have

that i need to complete for tonight and

usually it’s the ones that are due the

very next day

yet not for long i would discover

a really cool project that someone’s

working on on the internet or i would

think of this very interesting idea or i

would just

discover something that is totally

irrelevant to my homework

but then i will start working on that

and quickly my attention will be drawn

away from my homework

and i would start doing whatever it is

maybe it’s a

design tutorial maybe it’s a spacecraft

how to create a spacecraft tutorial but

whatever it is

it’s not related to my homework so

but that worked out fine i mean the

workload was manageable so

yes if you’re wondering i did finish my

workload i did finish

i did finish my schoolwork uh you know

right before their deadline of course

um and yes if you’re wondering i

probably should have spent more time

you know perfecting those uh just

looking over those checking over details

but you see i’m a procrastinator

and if i had done that i would not be

standing here talking to you today

and most importantly the fantasies of

submitting a perfect work always

collapses

right before the deadline approaches

but that changed and that changed when

i entered my junior year of high school

and started

the ib diploma program which i’m sure

you have heard of

now it is a notoriously hard

and highly demanding and highly

time-consuming

program so i told myself because of that

i told myself

george you cannot procrastinate further

you have to start organizing the

timetable daily timetables

uh just to to be able to survive through

this program

and so i did that i adopted a new

strategy

which contained two steps first of all

um

i would actually eliminate and minimize

my to-do list to only

the ones that i need to do so basically

homework

right i was i would strip away those

unimportant

and distracting tasks like uh i don’t

know building a trash bin that can

automatically categorize a uh uh trash

garbages um so i eliminated those and

then the second step was that i

i forced myself to not work on any side

projects

before i can i am able to actually

finish uh all my schoolwork

so those are the two steps in my strat

my strategy and over time

it did work out somewhat um

i say somewhat because i did uh

i i i i have became accustomed to

completing everything uh that that the

school

requires me to do before actually going

on to side projects

but quickly i also discovered that i

didn’t like this strategy

why well you see the problem was

the problem was first of all that

i realized my efficiency didn’t increase

simply because i prioritized my

schoolwork and eliminated

those distracting tasks the second

reason was because i actually find

myself

less efficient and actually completing

less things because i adopted the

strategy

and it makes sense because from the

increased workload and also the decrease

in efficiency

you would expect that i will have

completed less of the extracurricular

activities and side projects

that i used to work on right so it did

make sense

but why was it like this i mean this

strategy sounds like

it would make it will work right it

sounds it sounds very sensible

so why well

one thing uh as i was browsing through

the vastness of the internet

a book title called my eye it’s called

the art of procrastination

an effective a a guide to effective

dawdling

lollygagging and postponing now

upon reading it and yes despite being a

procrastination

procrastinator i do read books uh rarely

of course

but upon reading it i discovered that

it’s not another one of those books and

guides that

will make you feel bad about yourself

after reading this after finishing it

that is

if you can finish it of course um

but rather the author john perry which

is um

an emeriturist professor of philosophy

at stanford university

is actually shockingly similar to me in

the ways that he procrastinated

and let me let me explain right he

provided many different insights to how

we should view procrastination

and in particular a special kind of

procrastination

which he named structural

procrastination now what is

structural procrastination you might ask

good question

we need to first understand a simple

fact

because a lot of you are procrastination

are our procrastinators you know this

when you procrastinate you rarely rarely

do

absolutely nothing right you really just

sit there

and stare into the void like absolutely

doing nothing

usually you know you would go do

something else so imagine that everyone

has a to-do list whether it’s a mental

one

or a physical one but when we have a

to-do list

and we usually order the elements the

tasks

according to their priority right and so

it will make sense that we should

work we should start from the very top

and work downwards because the top

task is the most important and the most

urgent ones

[Music]

yet when one procrastinates this is not

what happens

when one procrastinates one turns to a

less important and less urgent

task uh as a way of actually

not doing the tasks on the top of that

to-do list

that might sound very weird i’m like i’m

going to let that sink in

but the most important thing is most a

lot of procrastinators are not

i’m not going to say all but a lot of

procrastinators they are actually

capable

of completing a more difficult a more

time

time consuming project a more um

just arduous project or a task uh

if it is an instrumental part of

avoiding

doing something more important

and that thank you and that

is called structural procrastination so

let me give you an example um say that i

have

an option to either work on a homework

or work on a website that i’m developing

i will almost

certainly work on the latter because

of course the homework is much more

important and the website is

of course more fun but if say that i

finished the homework right and now

that all all that i’m left is the

website and all that i can do is the

website

well now it’s actually very very

difficult

to tell me to get started working on the

website

because now it has become the most

important task

on my to-do list so that

is structural procrastination at its

peak

and what structural procrastinators do

whether intentional or not

is that they arrange the structure of

their tasks

to be able to actually do useful and

worthwhile things

despite their procrastination which is a

very interesting thing right

um so they might not be the most

effective person to get things done

to get homework done but still

structural procrastinators are able to

get a lot of things done

and even give others the illusion that

they are very productive

and that they can get a lot of things

done which which is which did happen to

me

right um yeah

so after having read that book i looked

back

i looked back at my junior yourself and

i realized

that the strategy of minimizing my to-do

list was definitely not suitable for me

in fact i had the wrong assumption that

if i have less to do

i will for sure not procrastinate and

finish doing them

right well no of course not

so having understood the psychological

mechanism

of a structural procrastinator i

realized that

this strategy was actually in contrary

to the very nature of my working habit

you see because by minimizing my to-do

list i am eliminating

the very most important source of

motivation for me

which is the less important tasks down

the list

and also i’m the remaining tasks are by

definition the most important tasks

and so what do i do with the most

important tasks i don’t do them

but i have nothing else to do so i do

nothing so i

find myself staring into the blank

staring into the void

for minutes tens of minutes or even half

an hour

and that is definitely not a good use of

time

so i’ve spoken a lot and

maybe you don’t agree with everything i

said which is fine

but i do want to end by re-emphasizing

that i’m not telling anyone

to practice to exercise your

self-deception skills

and try to persuade yourself that

procrastination is such a good virtue

that

no other mortals can possibly understand

no i’m simply trying to say that

procrastination

being simply a manifestation of your

various working habits and values that

you have

is not the worst trait you can possibly

possess

and most importantly a procrastinator

can still get a lot of done

a lot of things done and they can

accomplish a lot of things

given that you arrange the structure of

your tasks appropriately of course

and so with that thought uh i really

genuinely hope that

any of you who are self-doubting because

of procrastination can

listen to this talk and walk away

feeling just a little bit better about

themselves

a little more confident and perhaps they

can get a little more done

in the future thank you

[掌声]

所以

当这个 tedx 活动的组织者

第一次联系我并问我

嘿,乔治,你想参加一个 tedx

活动时,我几乎立刻就说是的,我的

意思是

来参加一个 tedx 演讲,这听起来有多酷,

但我马上 意识到

你作为一名普通高中生看到的一个问题,

他只是

没有治愈癌症,也没有找到解决气候变化的办法

认为我足够好,可以

谈论它们并给你

见解,所以我有点绝望

,就在我即将推迟

做出决定时,

这让我感到震惊,我确实很好而且

精通,

有时在某事上过于精通

,那

就是 拖延症,任何了解

我的人

都会知道,他们不会怀疑我

在这个领域的专业知识

,事实上,这个演讲的剧本

大约在两个小时前完成,我

开始在 地铁

来到这里,

所以撇开这个,呃,我最终选择拖延作为我的主题有一个更

严重,可以说是更重要的

原因

,那就是我认为对拖延有一种

压倒性的

负面情绪

,事实上

我的意思是你有一个 很多中国

观众在这里,你会知道拖延症

的中文翻译

包含

疾病这个词,最近它的一个变体

,用疾病代替癌症

,除了你有无数的书外,在中国社交媒体上也得到了广泛的使用

旨在

治愈拖延症的课程文章和其他资源,他们说

他们详细解释了

拖延症对你来说有多糟糕

,他们试图教你无数的

方法、方法和技巧

来帮助你摆脱它,是的,

随着时间的推移,它是 完全可以

理解的是,

如果不是被拖延的概念吓到就会担心

,一旦他们开始 o 看到

自己表现出拖延的迹象,

他们开始积极尝试避免并

摆脱它,

嗯,但这通常不会

奏效 知道克服拖延是多么困难,

所以当这不起作用时,你

通常会陷入

自我怀疑和痛苦,为什么我这么糟糕

为什么我在生活中的每件事上都失败了,

而这反过来又会导致更多的

拖延,

对吧 这当然是一个恶性循环

,我们不希望这种情况发生,

对不起,这当然是一个恶性循环

,我们不希望这种情况发生,

但基本上我想说的

是,

我希望那样 我们可以

更仔细、更细致地评估拖延症

,但

我首先要声明一个免责声明,即我不想在

这里向你们中的任何人提倡拖延症,

我不想说拖延症

是一件好事 那 我们都应该

拥有它多年来,

拖延给我带来了

巨大的压力,

如果我没有拖延,这本来可以很容易避免的

从拉

一夜通宵

和心理健康从仅仅处理

多个接近最后一分钟的

最后期限我理解

并且坦率地说,我真的想成为

一个

不拖延的人,

不需要担心有多少

分钟 在下一个截止日期临近之前离开了,

一个总体上过着

有组织和幸福生活的人

,根据我的个人经验,我知道

确实存在这样的人,

他们不是生活在地球上的外星生物,

所以不,

我没有尝试 说

拖延是好的我

想说

的只是为了那些拖延

者我

希望当你完成时

听完这个演讲,你可以走开

,也许只是对你的

拖延习惯

有一点不同的看法,所以让我们

在我高中三年级之前开始吧,我

有点有这个非常有趣的

工作习惯,嗯,因为工作量

通常是可控的,而且 你知道我

不必

熬夜来完成我所有的

作业它让我

养成了拖延的习惯

所以每天晚上在自习室我会

坐在我的办公桌前

我会开始回忆好吧

我做了什么作业 有

没有我今晚需要完成

的,通常是第二天到期的,

但不久之后我会发现

一个非常酷的项目,有人

正在互联网上工作,或者我会

想到这个非常有趣的想法,或者我

会 只是

发现一些

与我的家庭作业完全无关的事情

,然后我会开始研究它

,很快我的注意力就会

从我的家庭作业上转移开

,我会开始 做任何事情

也许这是一个

设计教程也许它是一个航天器

如何创建一个航天器教程但

无论如何

它与我的家庭作业无关所以

但效果很好我的意思是

工作量是可以管理的所以

是的如果你想知道我做了 完成我的

工作量 我确实完成了

我确实完成了我的功课 呃你

知道当然是在他们的截止日期之前

嗯,是的,如果你想知道我

可能应该花更多的时间来

完善那些呃只是

查看那些检查细节

但你看 我是个拖延者

,如果我这样做了,我今天就不会

站在这里和你说话

,最重要的是,

提交完美作品的幻想总是

在截止日期临近之前破灭,

但这种情况发生了变化,当我进入大三时,情况发生了变化

高中毕业

并开始

了 ib 文凭课程,我相信

你现在已经听说过

它是一个出了名的困难

、高要求和非常

耗时的

课程,所以 我告诉自己,因为

我告诉自己,

乔治,你不能再拖延了,

你必须开始组织

时间表,每天的时间表,

呃,只是为了能够通过这个计划生存下来

,所以我这样做了,我采用了一个新

策略

,其中包含两个步骤

嗯,

我实际上会消除并最小化

我的待办事项清单,

只做那些我需要做的事情

自动分类一个呃呃垃圾

垃圾,嗯,所以我消除了那些,

然后第二步是

我强迫自己

在我能够真正

完成呃我所有的功课之前不从事任何副业,

所以这是我的两个步骤

制定我的策略,随着时间的推移,

它确实奏效了,嗯,

我这么说是因为我做到了,呃,

iii已经习惯于

完成

学校

要求我之前做的所有事情 实际上是

在做副业,

但很快我也发现我

不喜欢这个策略

为什么你会看到问题

是问题首先

我意识到我的效率并没有提高

仅仅因为我优先考虑我的

功课并消除了

那些 分心任务的第二个

原因是因为我实际上发现

自己

效率较低并且实际上完成的

事情更少,因为我采用了这种

策略

,这是有道理的,因为从

增加的工作量和效率的降低

来看,你会期望我

完成的课外活动会更少

我过去从事的活动和副业是正确的,所以它确实

有道理,

但为什么会这样

浏览浩瀚的互联网

一本书的名字叫做我的眼睛 它叫做

拖延的艺术

一个有效的效果指南 我

在阅读它时正在磨磨蹭蹭和推迟,是的,尽管我是一个

拖延症

拖延者,但我确实会读书,呃

,当然很少,

但是在阅读它时,我发现

它不是那些

会让你在阅读后对自己感到难过的书籍和指南中的另一本

完成它

之后,

如果你能完成它,当然嗯,

但是作者约翰佩里

斯坦福大学哲学的退休教授,

实际上在他拖延的方式上与我惊人地相似

,让我让我解释一下 他

为我们应该如何看待拖延提供了许多不同的见解

,特别是一种特殊的

拖延

,他现在将其命名为结构性

拖延什么是

结构性拖延你可能会问一个

好问题

我们需要首先了解一个简单的

事实,

因为你们中的很多人都是拖延

症 我们的拖延者 你知道这一点

当你拖延时 你很少 很少

绝对什么都不做你真的只是

坐在

那里凝视着虚无,就像绝对

什么都不做

通常你知道你会去做

其他事情所以想象每个人

都有一个待办事项清单,无论是精神上的

还是身体上的,但是当我们有

待办事项列表

,我们通常

根据任务的优先级对元素进行排序,

所以我们应该工作是有道理的,

我们应该从最

顶层开始向下工作,因为

最重要的任务是最重要和最

紧迫的 那些

[音乐]

然而,当一个人拖延时,这不是

当一个人拖延时会

发生的情况

我想我

要让它沉入其中,

但最重要的是大多数

拖延者不是

我不会说所有但很多

拖延者他们实际上

能力完成更多 困难 一个更

耗时的项目 一个更

艰巨的项目或任务 呃,

如果它是

避免

做更重要的事情的工具部分

,那谢谢你,这

被称为结构性拖延,所以

让我给你举个例子,嗯,说我

可以选择做作业

或在我正在开发的网站上工作

马上做作业,

现在我只剩下

网站了,我能做的就是把

网站

做好现在实际上

很难告诉我开始在网站上工作,

因为现在它已成为最

重要的

我的待办事项清单上的任务,

因此结构性拖延达到顶峰

,结构性拖延者所做的

无论是否有意

,他们都会安排他们的任务结构,

以便能够 尽管他们拖延,但实际上做有用和

有价值的事情

,这是一件

非常有趣的事情,

嗯,所以他们可能不是最

有效的人

来完成家庭作业,但

结构性拖延者仍然能够

完成很多事情

,甚至付出 其他人认为

他们非常有生产力

并且他们可以完成很多

事情,这确实发生在

我身上,

嗯,是的,

所以在读完那本书后,

我回头看我自己的小辈,

意识到 减少我的待办事项

列表的策略绝对不适合

我事实上我有一个错误的假设,即

如果我有更少的事情要做,

我肯定不会拖延并

它们做好,当然

不是,因为了解了心理

机制

作为一个结构性拖延者,我

意识到

这种策略实际上与

我的工作习惯的本质背道而驰,

因为通过减少我的待办事项

列出我正在消除

对我来说最重要的动力来源,

这是列表中不太重要的任务

,而且我是剩余的任务

按照定义是最重要的任务

,所以我如何处理我不做的最

重要的任务 “不做,

但我没有别的事可做,所以我什么

也不做,所以我

发现自己盯着空白

凝视了几分钟甚至半个小时

,这绝对不是很好地利用

时间,

所以我” 已经说了很多,

也许你不同意我

所说的一切,这很好,

但我确实想再次

强调我并没有告诉任何

人练习练习你

的自欺技巧

并试图说服自己

拖延是一种很好的美德

,其他凡人都无法理解,

不,我只是想说,

拖延只是你

各种工作习惯和价值观的表现,

并不是你可能拥有的最糟糕的

特质 ess

,最重要的是,拖延

者仍然可以

完成很多事情,他们可以

完成很多事情,

因为你

当然可以适当地安排任务的结构

,所以有了这个想法,嗯,我真的

真的希望

任何 那些因为拖延而自我怀疑

的人可以

听完这个演讲然后走开