Its time to reclaim religion Sharon Brous

Translator: Joseph Geni
Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

I was a new mother

and a young rabbi

in the spring of 2004

and the world was in shambles.

Maybe you remember.

Every day, we heard devastating reports
from the war in Iraq.

There were waves of terror
rolling across the globe.

It seemed like humanity
was spinning out of control.

I remember the night that I read

about the series of coordinated bombings

in the subway system in Madrid,

and I got up and I walked over to the crib

where my six-month-old baby girl

lay sleeping sweetly,

and I heard the rhythm of her breath,

and I felt this sense of urgency
coursing through my body.

We were living through a time
of tectonic shifts in ideologies,

in politics, in religion, in populations.

Everything felt so precarious.

And I remember thinking,

“My God, what kind of world
did we bring this child into?

And what was I as a mother
and a religious leader

willing to do about it?

Of course, I knew it was clear

that religion would be
a principle battlefield

in this rapidly changing landscape,

and it was already clear

that religion was a significant
part of the problem.

The question for me was,

could religion
also be part of the solution?

Now, throughout history,

people have committed
horrible crimes and atrocities

in the name of religion.

And as we entered the 21st century,

it was very clear that religious extremism
was once again on the rise.

Our studies now show

that over the course
of the past 15, 20 years,

hostilities and religion-related violence

have been on the increase
all over the world.

But we don’t even need
the studies to prove it,

because I ask you,
how many of us are surprised today

when we hear the stories
of a bombing or a shooting,

when we later find out
that the last word that was uttered

before the trigger is pulled
or the bomb is detonated

is the name of God?

It barely raises an eyebrow today

when we learn that yet another person

has decided to show his love of God

by taking the lives of God’s children.

In America, religious extremism

looks like a white,
antiabortion Christian extremist

walking into Planned Parenthood
in Colorado Springs

and murdering three people.

It also looks like a couple

inspired by the Islamic State

walking into an office party
in San Bernardino and killing 14.

And even when religion-related extremism
does not lead to violence,

it is still used
as a political wedge issue,

cynically leading people
to justify the subordination of women,

the stigmatization of LGBT people,

racism, Islamophobia and anti-Semitism.

This ought to concern deeply

those of us who care
about the future of religion

and the future of faith.

We need to call this what it is:

a great failure of religion.

But the thing is, this isn’t even the only
challenge that religion faces today.

At the very same time

that we need religion
to be a strong force against extremism,

it is suffering
from a second pernicious trend,

what I call religious routine-ism.

This is when our institutions
and our leaders

are stuck in a paradigm
that is rote and perfunctory,

devoid of life, devoid of vision

and devoid of soul.

Let me explain what I mean like this.

One of the great blessings
of being a rabbi

is standing under the chuppah,
under the wedding canopy, with a couple,

and helping them proclaim publicly

and make holy the love
that they found for one another.

I want to ask you now, though,

to think maybe from your own experience

or maybe just imagine it

about the difference
between the intensity of the experience

under the wedding canopy,

and maybe the experience
of the sixth or seventh anniversary.

(Laughter)

And if you’re lucky enough
to make it 16 or 17 years,

if you’re like most people,
you probably wake up in the morning

realizing that you forgot to make
a reservation at your favorite restaurant

and you forgot so much as a card,

and then you just hope and pray
that your partner also forgot.

Well, religious ritual and rites

were essentially designed
to serve the function of the anniversary,

to be a container in which
we would hold on to the remnants

of that sacred, revelatory encounter

that birthed the religion
in the first place.

The problem is that after a few centuries,

the date remains on the calendar,

but the love affair is long dead.

That’s when we find ourselves
in endless, mindless repetitions

of words that don’t mean anything to us,

rising and being seated
because someone has asked us to,

holding onto jealously guarded doctrine

that’s completely and wildly out of step
with our contemporary reality,

engaging in perfunctory practice

simply because that’s the way
things have always been done.

Religion is waning in the United States.

Across the board,
churches and synagogues and mosques

are all complaining

about how hard it is to maintain relevance

for a generation of young people
who seem completely uninterested,

not only in the institutions
that stand at the heart of our traditions

but even in religion itself.

And what they need to understand

is that there is today
a generation of people

who are as disgusted by the violence
of religious extremism

as they are turned off

by the lifelessness
of religious routine-ism.

Of course there is
a bright spot to this story.

Given the crisis of these two
concurrent trends in religious life,

about 12 or 13 years ago,
I set out to try to determine

if there was any way

that I could reclaim the heart
of my own Jewish tradition,

to help make it meaningful
and purposeful again

in a world on fire.

I started to wonder,

what if we could harness
some of the great minds of our generation

and think in a bold and robust
and imaginative way again

about what the next iteration
of religious life would look like?

Now, we had no money,
no space, no game plan,

but we did have email.

So my friend Melissa and I
sat down and we wrote an email

which we sent out
to a few friends and colleagues.

It basically said this:

“Before you bail on religion,

why don’t we come together
this Friday night

and see what we might make
of our own Jewish inheritance?”

We hoped maybe 20 people would show up.

It turned out 135 people came.

They were cynics and seekers,

atheists and rabbis.

Many people said that night
that it was the first time

that they had a meaningful religious
experience in their entire lives.

And so I set out to do the only
rational thing

that someone would do
in such a circumstance:

I quit my job and tried to build
this audacious dream,

a reinvented, rethought religious life

which we called “IKAR,”

which means “the essence”
or “the heart of the matter.”

Now, IKAR is not alone

out there in the religious
landscape today.

There are Jewish and Christian
and Muslim and Catholic religious leaders,

many of them women, by the way,

who have set out to reclaim
the heart of our traditions,

who firmly believe that now is the time
for religion to be part of the solution.

We are going back
into our sacred traditions

and recognizing that all of our traditions

contain the raw material
to justify violence and extremism,

and also contain the raw material
to justify compassion,

coexistence and kindness –

that when others choose to read our texts
as directives for hate and vengeance,

we can choose to read those same texts

as directives for love
and for forgiveness.

I have found now

in communities as varied
as Jewish indie start-ups on the coasts

to a woman’s mosque,

to black churches
in New York and in North Carolina,

to a holy bus loaded with nuns

that traverses this country
with a message of justice and peace,

that there is a shared religious ethos

that is now emerging in the form
of revitalized religion in this country.

And while the theologies
and the practices vary very much

between these independent communities,

what we can see are some common,
consistent threads between them.

I’m going to share with you
four of those commitments now.

The first is wakefulness.

We live in a time today

in which we have unprecedented access

to information about every global tragedy

that happens on every corner
of this Earth.

Within 12 hours, 20 million people

saw that image
of Aylan Kurdi’s little body

washed up on the Turkish shore.

We all saw this picture.

We saw this picture
of a five-year-old child

pulled out of the rubble
of his building in Aleppo.

And once we see these images,

we are called to a certain kind of action.

My tradition tells a story
of a traveler who is walking down a road

when he sees a beautiful house on fire,

and he says, “How can it be
that something so beautiful would burn,

and nobody seems to even care?”

So too we learn that our world is on fire,

and it is our job to keep our hearts
and our eyes open,

and to recognize
that it’s our responsibility

to help put out the flames.

This is extremely difficult to do.

Psychologists tell us that the more
we learn about what’s broken in our world,

the less likely we are to do anything.

It’s called psychic numbing.

We just shut down at a certain point.

Well, somewhere along the way,
our religious leaders forgot

that it’s our job
to make people uncomfortable.

It’s our job to wake people up,

to pull them out of their apathy

and into the anguish,

and to insist that we do
what we don’t want to do

and see what we do not want to see.

Because we know
that social change only happens –

(Applause)

when we are awake enough
to see that the house is on fire.

The second principle is hope,

and I want to say this about hope.

Hope is not naive,

and hope is not an opiate.

Hope may be the single
greatest act of defiance

against a politics of pessimism

and against a culture of despair.

Because what hope does for us

is it lifts us out of the container

that holds us and constrains us
from the outside,

and says, “You can dream
and think expansively again.

That they cannot control in you.”

I saw hope made manifest
in an African-American church

in the South Side of Chicago this summer,

where I brought my little girl,

who is now 13

and a few inches taller than me,

to hear my friend Rev. Otis Moss preach.

That summer, there had already been
3,000 people shot

between January and July in Chicago.

We went into that church
and heard Rev. Moss preach,

and after he did,

this choir of gorgeous women,
100 women strong,

stood up and began to sing.

“I need you. You need me.

I love you. I need you to survive.”

And I realized in that moment

that this is what religion
is supposed to be about.

It’s supposed to be about
giving people back a sense of purpose,

a sense of hope,

a sense that they and their dreams
fundamentally matter in this world

that tells them
that they don’t matter at all.

The third principle
is the principle of mightiness.

There’s a rabbinic tradition
that we are to walk around

with two slips of paper in our pockets.

One says, “I am but dust and ashes.”

It’s not all about me.

I can’t control everything,
and I cannot do this on my own.

The other slip of paper says,
“For my sake the world was created.”

Which is to say it’s true
that I can’t do everything,

but I can surely do something.

I can forgive.

I can love.

I can show up.

I can protest.

I can be a part of this conversation.

We even now have a religious ritual,

a posture,

that holds the paradox
between powerlessness and power.

In the Jewish community,

the only time of year
that we prostrate fully to the ground

is during the high holy days.

It’s a sign of total submission.

Now in our community,
when we get up off the ground,

we stand with our hands
raised to the heavens,

and we say, “I am strong,
I am mighty, and I am worthy.

I can’t do everything,
but I can do something.”

In a world that conspires
to make us believe that we are invisible

and that we are impotent,

religious communities and religious ritual

can remind us that for whatever
amount of time we have here on this Earth,

whatever gifts and blessings
we were given,

whatever resources we have,

we can and we must use them

to try to make the world
a little bit more just

and a little bit more loving.

The fourth and final
is interconnectedness.

A few years ago, there was a man
walking on the beach in Alaska,

when he came across a soccer ball

that had some Japanese
letters written on it.

He took a picture of it
and posted it up on social media,

and a Japanese teenager contacted him.

He had lost everything in the tsunami
that devastated his country,

but he was able
to retrieve that soccer ball

after it had floated
all the way across the Pacific.

How small our world has become.

It’s so hard for us to remember
how interconnected we all are

as human beings.

And yet, we know

that it is systems of oppression

that benefit the most
from the lie of radical individualism.

Let me tell you how this works.

I’m not supposed to care

when black youth are harassed by police,

because my white-looking Jewish kids

probably won’t ever get pulled over
for the crime of driving while black.

Well, not so, because
this is also my problem.

And guess what?
Transphobia and Islamophobia

and racism of all forms,
those are also all of our problems.

And so too is anti-Semitism
all of our problems.

Because Emma Lazarus was right.

(Applause)

Emma Lazarus was right
when she said until all of us are free,

we are none of us free.

We are all in this together.

And now somewhere at the intersection
of these four trends,

of wakefulness and hope
and mightiness and interconnectedness,

there is a burgeoning, multifaith
justice movement in this country

that is staking a claim on a countertrend,

saying that religion can and must be
a force for good in the world.

Our hearts hurt from
the failed religion of extremism,

and we deserve more
than the failed religion of routine-ism.

It is time for religious leaders
and religious communities

to take the lead in the spiritual
and cultural shift

that this country and the world
so desperately needs –

a shift toward love,

toward justice, toward equality
and toward dignity for all.

I believe that our children
deserve no less than that.

Thank you.

(Applause)

译者:Joseph
Geni 审稿人:Joanna Pietrulewicz 2004 年春天,

我是一位新妈妈

和一位年轻的拉比

,当时世界一片混乱。

也许你还记得。

每天,我们都听到
来自伊拉克战争的毁灭性报道。

恐怖的
浪潮席卷全球。

人类似乎失去了控制。

记得那天晚上,我读到

马德里地铁系统连环爆炸案

,我起身走到婴儿床前

,我六个月大的女婴

睡得很香

,我听到了节奏 她的呼吸

,我感到这种
紧迫感在我的身体里流淌。

我们生活
在意识形态

、政治、宗教和人口结构性转变的时代。

一切都感觉如此岌岌可危。

我记得当时我在想,

“我的上帝,
我们把这个孩子带到了一个什么样的世界?

作为一个母亲
和一个宗教领袖,我

愿意为此做些什么?

当然,我知道很明显

,宗教将是
一个

在这个瞬息万变的环境中的主战场

,很明显

,宗教是问题的重要
组成部分

。对我来说,问题是

,宗教是否
也可以成为解决方案的一部分?

现在,纵观历史,

人们犯下了
可怕的罪行和暴行

以宗教的名义

。随着我们进入 21 世纪,

很明显,宗教极端
主义再次抬头。

我们现在的研究表明

,在
过去 15 年、20 年的过程中,

敌对行动和与宗教有关的暴力

全世界都在增加。

但我们甚至
不需要研究来证明这一点,

因为我问你,
今天

当我们听到
爆炸或枪击的故事时,有多少人感到惊讶,

当我们后来 找出
说出的最后一个词

b 在扣动扳机
或引爆炸弹之前

是上帝的名字吗?

今天,

当我们得知又有一个

人决定

通过夺取上帝儿女的生命来表达他对上帝的爱时,我们几乎没有挑起眉毛。

在美国,宗教极端主义

看起来就像一个白人、
反对堕胎的基督教极端分子

走进科罗拉多斯普林斯的计划生育组织

并谋杀了三个人。

它看起来也像是

受伊斯兰国启发的一对夫妇

走进圣贝纳迪诺的一个办公室聚会
并杀死了 14 人

。即使与宗教有关的极端主义
不会导致暴力,

它仍然被
用作政治楔子问题,

玩世不恭地引导
人们 为女性的从属地位、

对 LGBT 人群的污名化、

种族主义、伊斯兰恐惧症和反犹太主义辩护。

这应该

引起我们这些
关心宗教

未来和信仰未来的人的深切关注。

我们需要称其为:

宗教的巨大失败。

但问题是,这甚至
不是宗教今天面临的唯一挑战。

我们需要
宗教成为反对极端主义的强大力量的同时,

它正在
遭受第二个有害趋势,

我称之为宗教常规主义。

这是当我们的机构
和我们的领导

者陷入
死板和敷衍、

没有生命、没有远见

、没有灵魂的范式时。

让我解释一下我的意思。 成为拉比

最大的祝福之一

是站在教堂下,
在婚礼的天篷下,和一对夫妇一起

,帮助他们公开宣扬

,并使
他们彼此找到的爱成为圣洁。

不过,我现在想问你,

也许从你自己的经验来思考,

或者只是想象一下

婚礼天篷下

的体验强度
与六周年或七周年的体验之间的差异。

(笑声

) 如果你有幸活
到 16 或 17 岁,

如果你和大多数人一样,
你可能会在早上醒来时

意识到你忘
了在你最喜欢的餐厅预订,

而且你忘记了很多 作为一张卡片,

然后你只是希望并
祈祷你的伴侣也忘记了。

嗯,宗教仪式和

仪式本质上是
为了纪念周年而设计的

,作为一个容器,
我们将在其中保留最初产生宗教

的神圣、启示性的相遇

的残余

问题是几个世纪后

,日期仍然在日历上,

但恋情早已死去。

那时我们发现
自己无休止地重复

着对我们没有任何意义的词,

起身和坐下,
因为有人要求我们这样做,

坚持着与我们当代现实

完全和疯狂脱节的戒备森严的教义,

引人入胜 在敷衍的实践中,

仅仅是因为
事情一直都是这样做的。

美国的宗教正在衰落。

总体而言,
教堂、犹太教堂和清真寺

都在

抱怨要保持对似乎完全不感兴趣的一代年轻人的相关性是多么困难

不仅对
站在我们传统核心的机构

,甚至对宗教本身也不感兴趣。

他们需要了解的

是,今天
有一代

人对宗教极端主义的暴力行为感到厌恶,

就像他们

对宗教常规主义的死气沉沉感到厌恶一样。

当然
,这个故事有一个亮点。

鉴于宗教生活中这两种
并发趋势的危机,

大约 12 或 13 年前,
我开始尝试确定

是否有任何方法可以

让我恢复
我自己的犹太传统的核心,

以帮助它变得有意义
和有目的 再次

在一个着火的世界。

我开始想

,如果我们能够
利用我们这一代的一些伟大思想,再次

以大胆、稳健
和富有想象力的方式

思考下
一次宗教生活会是什么样子呢?

现在,我们没有钱、
没有空间、没有游戏计划,

但我们确实有电子邮件。

所以我和我的朋友梅丽莎
坐下来,我们写了一封电子邮件


发给了几个朋友和同事。

它基本上是这样说的:

“在你放弃宗教信仰之前,

我们为什么不在
这个星期五晚上聚在一起

,看看我们可以如何
利用我们自己的犹太遗产?”

我们希望也许有 20 个人会出现。

结果来了135人。

他们是愤世嫉俗者和寻求者,

无神论者和拉比。

那天晚上,很多人说,

是他们一生中第一次有有意义的宗教
体验。

所以我开始做在这种情况下唯一
理性的事情

我辞掉了工作,试图建立
这个大胆的梦想,

一种重新发明、重新思考的宗教生活

,我们称之为“IKAR”

,意思是“本质 ”
或“问题的核心”。

现在,IKAR

在当今的宗教
领域并不孤单。 顺便说一句,

有犹太人、基督徒
、穆斯林和天主教的宗教领袖,

其中许多是女性,

他们已经着手重新夺回
我们传统的核心,

他们坚信现在是
宗教成为解决方案一部分的时候了。

我们正在
回归我们的神圣传统,

并认识到我们所有的传统

都包含
为暴力和极端主义辩护

的原材料,也包含
为同情、

共存和善良辩护的原材料

——当其他人选择将我们的文本
作为指令阅读时 对于仇恨和复仇,

我们可以选择阅读这些相同的文本

作为爱
和宽恕的指令。

我现在

在社区中发现了各种各样的社区,
从沿海的犹太独立初创公司

到妇女清真寺,

到纽约和北卡罗来纳州的黑人教堂,

到一辆满载修女的神圣巴士

穿越这个国家
,传递正义和 和平

,有一种共同的宗教精神

,现在正在
这个国家以复兴宗教的形式出现。

虽然这些独立社区之间的神学
和实践差异很大

但我们可以看到它们之间有一些共同的、
一致的线索。

我现在要与你们分享其中的
四个承诺。

首先是清醒。

我们生活在一个

前所未有的时代,我们可以前所未有地

获得有关地球每个角落发生的每一场全球悲剧的信息

在 12 小时内,有 2000 万人

看到
了艾兰·库尔迪 (Aylan Kurdi) 小尸体的照片被

冲上土耳其海岸。

我们都看到了这张照片。

我们看到这张照片
是一个五岁的孩子


他位于阿勒颇的建筑物的废墟中被拉出来。

一旦我们看到这些图像,

我们就会被要求采取某种行动。

我的传统讲述
了一个旅行者走在路上的故事,

当他看到一座漂亮的房子着火时

,他说:“
这么漂亮的东西怎么会被烧毁,

而似乎没有人在乎呢?”

因此,我们也了解到我们的世界着火了

,我们的工作是让我们的心灵
和眼睛保持开放,

并认识
到帮助扑灭火焰是我们的责任

这是极难做到的。

心理学家告诉我们,我们越
了解世界上的问题,

我们做任何事情的可能性就越小。

这叫做精神麻木。

我们只是在某个时间点关闭。

好吧,在此过程中,
我们的宗教领袖忘记

了让人们感到不舒服是我们的工作。

我们的工作是唤醒人们,

把他们从冷漠

和痛苦中拉出来,

并坚持我们
做我们不想做的事情

,看到我们不想看到的事情。

因为我们知道
,只有当我们清醒到看到房子着火时,社会变革才会发生——

(掌声)

第二个原则是希望

,我想说的是希望。

希望不是天真

,希望不是鸦片。

希望可能是

对悲观主义政治

和绝望文化的最大挑战。

因为希望对我们的作用

是将我们从

束缚我们并从外部限制我们的容器中抬起

并说:“你可以
再次梦想和思考

。他们无法控制你。”

今年夏天,我在芝加哥南部的一座非裔美国人教堂看到了希望

,我带着我

现在 13 岁

、比我高几英寸的小女孩

来听我的朋友奥蒂斯·莫斯牧师讲道。

那年夏天,

1 月至 7 月期间,芝加哥已有 3000 人被枪杀。

我们走进那个教堂
,听莫斯牧师讲道

,在他讲道之后

,这个由
100 名女性组成的华丽女性合唱团

站起来开始唱歌。

“我需要你。你需要我。

我爱你。我需要你生存。”

在那一刻

,我意识到这就是宗教的意义
所在。

它应该是关于
让人们重新获得目标

感、希望

感、一种他们和他们的梦想
在这个世界上根本重要的感觉

,告诉
他们他们根本不重要。

第三个
原则是强大的原则。

有一个拉比传统
,我们要

在口袋里放两张纸条四处走动。

有人说:“我不过是尘土。”

这不全是关于我的。

我不能控制一切
,我不能靠自己做到这一点。

另一张纸条上写着:
“世界是为了我而创造的。”

也就是说,我确实不能什么都做,

但我肯定能做一些事情。

我可以原谅。

我可以爱。

我可以出现。

我可以抗议。

我可以成为这次谈话的一部分。

即使是现在,我们也有一种宗教仪式,

一种姿势,

它体现了
无能为力和权力之间的悖论。

在犹太社区

,我们一年中唯一一次
完全俯伏在地的时间

是在崇高的圣日期间。

这是完全顺服的标志。

现在在我们的社区里,
当我们从地上

站起来时,我们举起双手
向天站着

,我们说:“我很强大,
我很强大,我值得。

我不能做任何事情,
但我 可以做点什么。”

在一个
密谋使我们相信我们是隐形的

和无能为力的世界里,

宗教团体和宗教仪式

可以提醒我们,无论
我们在地球上拥有多少时间,

无论我们得到什么礼物和祝福

无论有什么资源 我们拥有,

我们可以而且我们必须利用它们

来努力让
世界变得更加公正

和充满爱。

第四个也是最后一个
是相互联系。

几年前,有一个人
在阿拉斯加的海滩上散步,

偶然发现了一个足球

,上面写着一些日本
字母。

他拍了一张照片
并发布在社交媒体上

,一名日本少年联系了他。

他在
毁灭他的国家的海啸中失去了一切,

但在它
飘过太平洋之后,他能够取回那个足球

我们的世界变得多么渺小。

我们很难记住
我们作为人类是如何相互联系的

然而,我们知道

从激进个人主义的谎言中获益最多的是压迫制度。

让我告诉你这是如何工作的。

当黑人青年受到警察骚扰时,我不应该在意,

因为我的白人犹太孩子

可能永远不会
因为黑人开车的罪行而被拦下。

好吧,不是这样,因为
这也是我的问题。

你猜怎么着?
跨性别恐惧症、伊斯兰恐惧症

和各种形式的种族主义,
这些也是我们所有的问题。

反犹太主义
也是我们所有的问题。

因为艾玛拉撒路是对的。

(掌声)

Emma Lazarus
说的对,她说在我们所有人都自由之前,

我们都不是自由的。

我们荣辱与共。

现在

在觉醒、希望
、强大和相互联系这四种趋势的交汇处,

这个国家正在兴起一场新兴的、多信仰的
正义运动,

它正在对一种反趋势提出要求,

称宗教可以而且必须成为
一种力量 世界上的好。

我们的心
因极端主义的失败宗教而受伤

,我们应该得到
比失败的常规主义宗教更多的东西。

现在是宗教领袖

宗教团体带头进行这个国家和世界迫切需要的精神
和文化转变的时候


——

向爱、

向正义、向平等
和向所有人的尊严转变。

我相信我们的孩子
应得的不亚于此。

谢谢你。

(掌声)