Do You Have a Rock

rock check

do you know where your rock is do you

have a rock

when was the last time you had a rock

i love rocks i thought this was a quirk

a particular passion shared by

geoscientists and maybe a few others

then i had a very bad day far from home

lonely and homesick in a big city on

unfamiliar ground

where i didn’t know how to read the

history of the few rocks i could find

so i reached out and i asked friends on

the internet to show me their rocks

my friends indulged me and then their

friends did

and then their friends and then several

thousand strangers on the internet were

showing me

photographs and stories of their rocks

i was overwhelmed and thrilled

not just to be surrounded by comforting

geology

but to discover so many others shared

this passion of mine

my third favorite part of rock checks is

getting dragged along

with strangers cooing over each other’s

rocks

my second favorite part of rock checks

is how many people

treat them as inspiration to go out and

acquire a new stone

especially after laments of an abandoned

childhood

rock collection but my favorite part of

rock checks

is finding out the stories of people’s

rocks

every rock has a story rocks are

relentless time

keepers tracking everything from ice

ages to magnetic field orientations to

how fast a river flowed

rocks are also horrendous gossips eager

to share their stories of deep time if

we just learn how to listen

sediments build up in the bottoms of

lakes in annual layers called varves the

geological equivalent of a tree ring

that tracks

how much rain carried debris down the

hills each year

the type and size of crystals in an

igneous rock whisper secrets

of milk composition and temperature

history growing larger

the longer they stay nestled in

subterranean warmth

every fault and fold tells a story

of either a brittle failure or ductile

deformation

in unintuitive evidence that under

pressure

rocks are far more fluid than any solid

has the right to be

rocks are a bizarre blend of beloved and

disregarded

they play everything from hero to

background rock 4221 in the stories we

tell

they dominate our lexicon of metaphors

for worthless items

yet like penguins we trade shiny rocks

during our courtship rituals

we eat rocks every day in the form of

salt

and we create synthetic minerals in our

freezer every time we chill water

pretty yet durable rocks are used as

status symbols for decorating everything

from our ears to our kitchens

through countless mundane interactions

rocks are

integral to the stories of our lives

but these stories aren’t just what

happened before or even what happened to

us

there are also lessons in what could

happen next

rocks are a fable made solid a

cautionary tale told in ice cords or

landscapes

awaiting our interpretation

i have a favorite rock i have a lot of

favorite rocks really

both wild rocks that i go and visit and

domesticated rocks that i tuck away at

home

and trade out depending on whose story i

need to hear

i have a bumblebee jasper that’s my

geological equivalent

of walking softly while carrying a big

stick

the spider’s name is made of neither

bumblebees nor the opaque cord of jasper

instead it’s made out of blackened

fool’s gold

acid sensitive calcite and deceptively

cheerful yellow arsenic blended with

sulfur

it’s a quiet rock but one that tells the

story

of staggering violence chaos and

eruptions

tamed into beauty formed on the shores

of a stratovolcano in indonesia

capable of producing the most violent

eruptions on earth

i adore turbidites sheets of ocean floor

sediment curling like a cinnamon roll

in a hidden underwater landslide

normally they’re only centimeters big

but in british columbia we have one

that’s bigger than i am

it was captured green by grain on a

sheet of plastic like a fossil cast but

with

a landslide instead of a footprint

it’s in a museum preserved decades

longer than the original hillside washed

away in our endless rain

i go visit it anytime i need a reminder

that even little things can be big under

the right circumstances

but the rock that brings me the most

hope when i’m feeling too overwhelmed

is this rather ordinary piece with red

and black stripes

called a banded iron formation it’s an

extinct rock

a rock whose formation conditions are

over and will never occur again

it’s that moment of transition that keep

them beloved in my collection

banded iron formations tell the story of

the most dramatic and traumatic moment

in earth’s climate history the

transition from when we went

from a rock with primordial seas and a

wispy atmosphere of

thin toxic volcanic gases into a living

world rich in oxygen

these delicate layers of shiny black and

matte bread

tell the story that’s both a cautionary

tale

and a glimmer of hope as we face our own

climate crisis

understanding the story of banded iron

formations requires backing up to

understand stromatolites

blue-green algae that grew as mats in

that primordial ocean

wrapping themselves in calcium carbonate

equivalent to how

modern coral polyps build out reefs in

our modern oceans

3.5 billion years ago through

photosynthesis stromatolites took over

those early oceans

they breathed in that early atmosphere

more akin to a damp mars than anything

we know today

they not only survived the traces of

hydrochloric acid methane and ammonia

they thrived more and more and more

stromatolites took over those early

shallow bathtub warm waters

but they weren’t just breathing in they

were breathing

out the early oceans were full of

stromatolites

pumping out oxygen saturating those

early seas

that’s where my beloved bended iron

formations come in

just like rain falls from the sky

sediment and precipitated minerals rain

down inside the ocean

falling and creating layers of mud and

sludge that capture the history of a

particular place and time

during the reign of the stromatolites

that sludge told a history of

oxygen reacting with iron to create

black layers of iron oxides like

magnetites and

hematites switching to red layers of

rich muddy jaspers when the iron levels

were too low

unlike my beloved bumblebee jasper this

time as true jasper’s opaque quartz

grains hardened into rock

moisture metallized producing more

oxygen made these layers of black and

red and black and red

and black and red building up into the

ocean floor

until the iron was all precipitated the

oceans were saturated with oxygen

and this era of rock creation was done

like everything interesting this tidy

ending holds a little eye of

simplification

we found pockets of younger banded iron

formations

that whisper tantalizing hints of a time

when our planet was briefly wrapped in

ice stripping some seeds of their oxygen

but these are the exceptions that prove

the rule

the epilogue to our story

but the stromatolites didn’t stop

producing oxygen just because the oceans

were saturated

soon that oxygen started building up in

the atmosphere

triggering the great oxygenation event

which led to the cambrian explosion of

life

countless creatures took advantage of

new oxygen-rich metabolic pathways

it even changed what minerals could form

and how they weathered when exposed at

the surface

creating rocks that can’t exist anywhere

else in our solar system

it was a fundamental shift in our

planet’s atmosphere

a climate feedback loop of geology

biology chemistry and atmospheric

science that forever

altered the earth at least we call it

the great oxygenation event

from the stromatolite view is the great

oxygenation

catastrophe these same changes

that created opportunities for new more

complicated life

were dramatically different from the

circumstances under which stromatolites

evolved

a billion years ago at the end of the

banded iron formations and the start of

the trilobites

stromatolized nearly vanished from the

fossil record

like before the exception is what proves

the rule

we can still find some modern living

stromatolites tucked away in

shallow isolated bays like shark bay

australia

or the beaches of the bahamas they look

like stone

mushrooms an innocuous appearance

camouflaging their dramatic role in the

shifting of the very nature of life on

earth

but most dramatics died poisoned by the

very environment they created

leaving behind fossils that are both

tribute and warning

i visited the eastern madelites once

going on a road trip through a blizzard

to hunt for them on the side of a

country road

through a winding forest as the sun set

lower on the horizon

i found them in what looked like a road

pull-off except for a solitary

understated plaque describing their

scientific significance

they were nearly flat rocks remnants of

a puddle that couldn’t have been more

than ankle deep now buried so deeply in

snow i had to dig to find them

when i brushed the snow off i could

trace my fingers along the countless

lines of each mat of algae

growing on top of the one before towards

the sun under a sky

so foreign were not even certain it had

clouds

that’s the story i think of every time i

run my chain through my banded iron

formation pendant and adorn myself with

a piece of earth’s history

that’s the story i tell every time

someone argues with me about climate

change

that the planet will survive yes the

planet has undergone

more dramatic changes before but just

like stromatolites

just because life finds a way to thrive

doesn’t mean we will

but this is a story that also brings me

hope when i feel bombarded by climate

nihilism

and when the skies are so thick with

smoke that i’m living under a perpetual

golden hour

and everything feels hopeless bend on

iron formations are a story of calamity

but also one of transition they tell me

stories of what went wrong before

begging me to learn the lessons that

they’re holding so that maybe this time

we can do better unlike stromatolites

humans have the ability to strategize

through science we can look at the world

around us and

understand what will happen next so we

can create

any future we want

where stromatolites endlessly pumped

oxygen into the oceans and then to the

skies

until they created an atmosphere so

toxic that they could no longer survive

their own environment

we have the ability to look around

and do better and that’s the power

and the fascination of rocks

people are creatures of stories we learn

everything about the world around us

from stories we are born

knowing nothing and learn more through

stories than we ever could

through experience and exploration first

hand one of the things we learn

is how to listen to the stories of rocks

from rocks we can learn the stories of

continents dancing of oceans splitting

even how our planet was formed

from rocks we can learn stories of

change and understand how to do better

or at least do less harm rocks are

silent storytellers

but that doesn’t make their connection

any less deep

rocks are linked to our curiosity to our

wonder to our sense of connection to the

world around us

rocks are everywhere lurking in the

building stones in the sidewalk gravel

of even the densest cities

there’s storytellers with billions of

years of history to share in every

pebble

and they’re infinitely patient listeners

willing to absorb our worries when we

fiddle with a beach stone worn smooth by

countless waves

no matter where you are or how long it’s

been since you last had a rock

another pebble is waiting for you to

discover it and listen to its story

i asked before if you had a rock

if not maybe it’s time to pick one up

岩石检查

你知道你的岩石在哪里 你有岩石吗

你最后一次有岩石是什么时候

我喜欢岩石 我认为这是一个怪癖

地球科学家和其他一些人共享的特殊热情

然后我度过了非常糟糕的一天 离家很远,

在一个陌生的大城市里孤独和

想家 我和他们的

朋友做了

,然后他们的朋友和

互联网上的数千个陌生人

向我展示

了他们岩石的照片和故事

我的第三个最喜欢的岩石检查部分是

被拖着

与陌生人一起在彼此的

岩石上咕咕叫

我岩石检查的第二个最喜欢的部分

是有多少人

将它们视为前进的灵感 出去

买一块新石头,

尤其是在对一个被遗弃的童年岩石收藏感到悲痛之后,

但我最喜欢的

岩石检查部分

是找出人们

岩石

的故事每块岩石都有一个故事岩石是

无情的时间

守卫者,追踪从冰河

时代到磁场方向到

河流流动的速度有多快,

岩石也是可怕的八卦

,如果

我们只是学习如何倾听

沉积物在

湖底的年度层状沉积物,那么它们渴望分享他们的故事

每年

将碎片从山上带下 火成岩中晶体的类型和大小

耳语

牛奶成分和温度

历史的秘密 变得越来越大

它们在地下温暖中停留的时间越长

每个断层和褶皱都讲述

了一个关于脆性破坏或韧性

变形的故事

在不直观的证据中,在

压力下

岩石比任何固体都更具流动性

成为

石头的权利是被爱和被忽视的奇怪混合

他们扮演从英雄到

背景摇滚的一切 4221 在我们讲述的故事中

他们主导着我们

对毫无价值的物品的隐喻词汇

但就像企鹅一样,我们

在求爱仪式中交换闪亮的石头

我们每次都吃石头 每天以盐的形式,

我们每次冷却水时都会在冰箱中制造合成矿物质

漂亮而耐用的岩石被用作

身份象征,通过无数平凡的互动来装饰

从我们的耳朵到厨房的一切

岩石是

我们生活故事中不可或缺的一部分

但这些故事不仅仅是

之前发生的事情,甚至不只是发生在我们身上的事情

还有接下来可能

发生的事情的教训

岩石是一个坚固的寓言

在冰绳或风景中讲述的警示故事

等待我们的解释

我有一块最喜欢的岩石 很多

最喜欢的

岩石都是我去参观的野生岩石和

我藏在家里的驯化岩石

取决于我需要听谁的故事

我有一只大黄蜂碧玉,在

地质学上

相当于我拿着一根大棍子轻柔地行走

蜘蛛的名字既不是

大黄蜂也不是碧玉的不透明绳索,

而是由变黑的

傻瓜的金

酸制成 敏感的方解石和看似

欢快的黄色砷与硫混合

它是一块安静的岩石,但它讲述

了惊人的暴力混乱和

喷发

被驯服成美丽的

故事在印度尼西亚的一个成层火山的海岸上形成,

能够产生地球上最猛烈的

喷发

我喜欢浊积岩 海底

沉积物

在隐藏的水下滑坡中像肉桂卷一样卷曲

通常只有几厘米大

但在不列颠哥伦比亚省我们有一个

比我还大

一个山体滑坡而不是一个足迹,

它在一个比原来的山保存了几十年的博物馆里

在我们无尽的雨中被冲走了

我随时都会去拜访它我需要提醒的

是即使是小事在适当的情况下也可以成为大

但是

当我感到不堪重负时给我带来最大希望的岩石

是这块相当普通的红色

和黑色条纹

被称为带状铁层 它是一块已

灭绝

的岩石 形成条件已经

结束并且永远不会再次出现的岩石

正是那个过渡时刻让

它们在我的收藏中受到喜爱

带状铁层讲述

了最戏剧性和最痛苦的时刻

的故事 地球的气候历史

从我们

从拥有原始海洋和

稀薄有毒火山气体的稀薄大气的岩石转变为

富含氧气的生活世界

这些闪亮的黑色和

哑光面包层

讲述的故事既是一个警示

故事

,也是一个故事 当我们面临自己的

气候危机时,一线希望

了解带状铁形成的故事

需要备份以

了解 str

卵石蓝藻在原始海洋中以垫子的形式生长,

将自己包裹在碳酸钙中,

相当于

现代珊瑚虫在

35 亿年前通过

光合作用在现代海洋中建造珊瑚礁的方式 叠层石接管了

它们在早期大气中呼吸的早期海洋

比我们今天所知道的任何东西都类似于潮湿的火星

它们不仅在盐酸甲烷和氨的痕迹中幸存下来,

而且越来越多地茁壮成长,越来越多的

叠层石占据了那些早期的

浅浴缸温水,

但它们不仅在呼吸,还在

呼气 早期的海洋充满了

叠层石,它们

抽出的氧气使那些

早期的海洋

饱和 统治时期

特定地点和时间的历史

污泥中的叠层石讲述了

氧气与铁反应形成

黑色氧化铁层(如

磁铁矿和

赤铁矿)的

历史,当铁含量过低时,会变成富含泥泞的碧玉的红色层,

这一次不像我心爱的大黄蜂碧玉,

而是真正的碧玉的不透明石英

颗粒 硬化成岩石

水分金属化产生更多的

氧气使这些

黑色和红色黑色和红色

黑色和红色层堆积到

海底

直到铁全部沉淀

海洋被氧气饱和

,这个岩石创造的时代

就像 所有有趣的东西这个整洁的

结局都带有一点

简化的眼光

我们发现了一些年轻的带状铁结构的口袋,

它们低语着诱人的暗示,

当我们的星球被短暂地包裹在

冰中剥夺了一些种子的氧气

但这些是

证明规则

的例外 我们故事的尾声,

但叠层石并没有停止

产生氧气,只是因为 海洋

很快就饱和了,氧气开始在大气中积累,

引发了巨大的氧化事件

,导致了寒武纪生命的大爆发,

无数生物利用了

新的富氧代谢途径,

它甚至改变了矿物质的形成方式

以及它们在什么时候风化的方式 暴露

在地表

创造出太阳系其他任何地方都无法存在的岩石

这是地球大气的根本转变

地质学

生物学 化学和大气

科学的气候反馈回路 永远

改变了地球 至少我们

称之为大氧化

从叠层石的观点来看,事件是巨大的

氧化

灾难,这些相同的变化

为新的更复杂的生命创造了机会,

与十亿年前叠层石在

带状铁形成结束和

三叶虫

叠层开始时进化的环境截然不同 几乎从

f中消失

像以前一样的 ossil 记录 例外证明

了规则

我们仍然可以

在澳大利亚

鲨鱼湾或巴哈马海滩等孤立的浅海湾中找到一些现代生活叠层石

它们看起来

像石

蘑菇 一种无害的外观

掩盖了它们在

变化中的戏剧性作用 地球上生命的本质,

但大多数戏剧都被他们创造的环境毒死了,

留下的化石既是

致敬又是警告

一条

穿过蜿蜒森林的乡间小路,当太阳

落到地平线上时,

我发现它们看起来像是一条

公路,除了一个单独的

低调牌匾描述了它们的

科学意义,

它们几乎是平坦的岩石,

是水坑的残余物,不能 已经

比脚踝深了,现在被雪埋得太深了,

当我从 ic 上刷掉雪时,我不得不挖掘才能找到它们

我的手指会沿着

每一层藻类的无数线条,

沿着之前生长的藻类,

朝着太阳在

如此陌生的天空下,甚至不确定它是否有

,这就是我每次用

链子穿过我的绑带时都会想到的故事 铁

形成吊坠,用一段地球历史装饰自己,

这就是每次

有人与我争论气候变化时我都会讲的故事

,地球会幸存下来,是的,

地球之前经历过

更剧烈的变化,但

就像叠层石

一样,只是因为生活找到了出路 茁壮成长

并不意味着我们会,

但这个故事也给我带来了

希望,当我感到被气候

虚无主义轰炸时,当天空中

浓烟滚滚,我生活在一个永恒的

黄金时刻

,一切都感到绝望

铁层是一个灾难的故事,

也是一个过渡的故事,他们告诉我

出了什么问题的故事,然后

求我学习

他们所掌握的教训,这样也许 e 这一次

我们可以做得更好,不像叠层石

人类有能力

通过科学制定战略我们可以观察

我们周围的世界并

了解接下来会发生什么,这样我们

就可以创造

任何我们想要的未来,

其中叠层石无休止地将

氧气泵入海洋,然后

天空,

直到他们创造出一种有毒的气氛,

以至于他们无法再在

自己的环境中生存

我们有能力环顾四周

并做得更好,这就是岩石的力量

和魅力

人们是故事的生物我们

了解我们周围世界的一切

从故事中我们生来

一无所知,从故事中学到的东西

比我们

通过亲身经历和探索所能学到的更多

我们学到的一件事

是如何从岩石中聆听岩石的故事,

我们可以了解

大陆在海洋中起舞的故事分裂

即使我们的星球是如何

由岩石形成的,我们也可以了解

变化的故事并了解如何

做得更好或至少 o 危害较小的岩石是

沉默的故事讲述者,

但这并没有使它们的联系

变得不那么深

岩石与我们的好奇心、我们的

惊奇与我们与周围世界的联系感

相关 即使是最密集的城市,

也有拥有数十亿年历史的讲故事的人

分享每

一块鹅卵石,他们是无限耐心的倾听者,当我们拨弄一块被无数海浪磨平的沙滩石时,

无论您身在何处,无论它有多长,他们都愿意吸收我们的忧虑

自从你上次有一块石头以来,

另一颗鹅卵石正等着你去

发现它,听听它的故事

我之前问过你是否有石头,

如果没有,也许是时候捡起来了