Megan McArthur A NASA astronauts lessons on fear confidence and preparing for spaceflight TED

Pat Mitchell: Welcome, Megan.

Megan McArthur: Hello, Pat,
thank you for having me.

PM: Let’s go with the question
that I think is probably coming up

for many of us.

This is unusual.

Husband and wife,

met during your training,

and in the year that you got married,

you both flew into space, separately.

You, on the Hubble Telescope mission

and Bob on the mission to construct
the space station.

And ironically, if your mission
had gone awry or needed help,

Bob was assigned
to be on the rescue craft.

You know, launch day is for all of us
a time of great excitement, yes.

But also anxieties about the risk
and the fear we might feel inside

just watching.

How do you prepare for launch day?

MMA: Well, Pat, one of the most important
things to focus on for me

was really preparing my son
and making sure that he was ready

and that he enjoyed the experience
of watching his father launch

and complete this mission
that he’d been training for,

really for most of our son’s life.

So when we walked out onto the roof
of the launch control center

and we could see the rocket
off in the distance

and were lining up against the rail,

ready for the countdown,

and of course, I got my arms around him

and we hear, “Three, two, one, liftoff.”

And then we see the rocket
carrying his father

you know, jumping off the launch pad.

And for me,

it was this moment of just
an outpouring of feeling and emotion

that had been with me
for such a long time.

And I’m crying and I’m laughing
and I’m just shaking.

And so I had to let go of my son,
who was fine, by the way,

he was completely fine.

And I’m covering up my mouth

because I don’t know what kind
of sounds I’m going to make

with this complete terror
and this complete joy

at this moment.

And thinking about what
it took to get there.

My husband, you know,
an accomplished astronaut,

an experienced Air Force
flight test engineer,

he had formerly been the chief astronaut.

And I’ve watched him launch
into space twice before.

And it’s been terrifying every time.

Why is that?

You know, of course, I love my husband,
but it’s more than that.

It’s that I love my husband,

and right now I can’t do anything
at all to impact the situation.

I’m standing on a rooftop.

I have no job.

I have no way to contribute.

And so that’s where for me
the fear comes from

is that feeling of helplessness.

And so, over and over in my life,
I’ve seen, of course,

that training and preparation
can get us ready for an event like that,

but it’s having the input,

having the ability
to impact your situation

that is what removes the fear
and balances it for you.

So the education, the experience,
you have to have that,

but also having a voice, having an input,

having a seat in the cockpit

is what allows you
to leave that fear behind.

PM: But what about your son, Megan?

He won’t be there.

He’ll be on the ground watching
mommy take off into space

just as he watched his dad
who returned safely.

But have you taken special preparations
for him to see mommy doing the same?

MMA: Well, his first reaction

when learning that mommy
was going to go into space

first, he told me,
“No, mommy, you can’t go.”

That was his very first response.

And then as he got more
comfortable with the idea,

you know, his dad went up and came back

and then he said, “Well, OK,
you can go for 30 days,

but 180 days, that’s too much.

You can’t, you can’t go for that long.”

He’s also obviously seen his father
go through all of this.

And so for him, it’s become
this normal thing.

This is a normal thing
that mommy and daddy do.

We’ll read stories back and forth
while I’m here in Russia

over video conference.

And I was given the idea
to fill a jar with chocolate kisses

and then he can have a kiss from mommy
every day that I’m gone.

So he likes that idea very much.

PM: Well, just to be clear,

it’s a great message
that this young man is getting

about mommy and daddy
doing the same job, isn’t it?

And I just want to bring forward a quote

from the SpaceX leader Gwynne Shotwell,

who was asked about your going,
and your husband’s going,

and she was questioned about your flying

in the same pilot seat
or spacecraft as your husband.

And here was part of her answer:

“I’d like to point out that, you know,

Megan is first and foremost

an astronaut when it comes
to our perspective.”

MMA: Well, I did want
to reach through the screen

and high-five Ms. Shotwell
when she said that,

I very much appreciated that remark.

You know, it has changed
for me over the years,

the first time I flew in space

I was married,
but I was not yet a parent.

And both my husband and I
came to NASA as single people

and we met and married,
of course, at NASA.

It’s a different thing
to take on as a family

that you’re doing this thing
that’s for yourself.

It’s also kind of for the greater good.

The notion of exploration and discovery
is something to engage in.

And I think that that example,

you know, for my son to see

that his parents are engaged
in this thing,

that, yes, it takes us away from him,

but these are important things to do.

PM: And you were in high school, Megan,

when the Challenger spacecraft
tragically exploded

and the whole world confronted
the realities of the risk

that you and your husband

and other brave women and men are taking.

I remember that moment

and I still hold my breath
every time during each and every launch.

So how do you find the balance
between knowing the risks are real

and you’re feeling prepared enough
to do what you have to do

and what you want to accomplish?

MMA: Well, the crux of it for us
for feeling prepared and participating

is really training.

So we train our way into that seat.

You spend literally hundreds of hours
preparing in every possible way.

We break down every system
into bite-sized pieces, basically.

We have these wonderful instructors

who are professional
instructors, basically,

and they know exactly
what it’s going to take for us

to learn these systems inside and out.

And so, sort of, one system at a time,

and then they put all the systems together

and then they break every possible thing
that they can think of to break

so that you have to, as a team, as a crew,

solve these problems and work together
to get through the situation.

And the reason that they do that

is not because they think
those exact things are going to happen.

It’s to build you up.

You prove to yourself
that you have the ability to work

when maybe some really
terrible things are happening

and to make your situation better.

And the thing that’s going to happen

isn’t necessarily going to be
the specific one

or even hundred different scenarios
that they’ve shown you.

But you have worked
and you have developed your skills

which will support you to kind of tackle
any problem that you might have,

not just as a crew in the ship,

but now you’ve worked
with the whole team on the ground,

and you know you’re going to be able
to solve those situations

working together.

PM: Has there ever been a time
when you felt fear,

real fear or maybe just being unprepared?

MMA: A couple of years ago,
I had the, I’ll say opportunity,

but I had the situation
where I was “voluntold”

to take an assistant directorship job.

And it was something
I was very reluctant to do,

I didn’t feel prepared for it,

I didn’t feel like I had
the right skill set,

and I didn’t feel like
I was going to be good at it.

And none of those are good feelings.

There’s a part in your book,
Pat, where you say,

“I realized at some point that being ready

could mean being ready
to learn quickly while doing.”

And, you know, that expression,

that’s exactly what it means
to be an astronaut.

I know how to do that.

I can learn on the job,
I can learn quickly.

And so I did dive into this job

and I did learn quickly while on the job.

I can’t say that I was the best
person ever to hold that job,

but it was important to me
to do my very best

and to be part of this new team.

Women are particularly prone
to this where we think,

“Oh, I haven’t had training for that,
I haven’t had a job like that before.

I can’t do it.”

But you can do it.

You take all of the skills
that you’ve developed

and all of the other things
that you’re doing,

and you use those to support you
while you’re learning quickly while doing.

PM: Such good advice, Megan,

I won’t be learning by doing
flying into space,

but taking that knowledge
that we can learn by doing

and we can be prepared, so important.

How would you describe
the changes in you personally

from being off this Earth?

MMA: But in the very beginning,
when I first launched into space,

you’re very busy, you know,

on this spaceship that’s just gone
through a launch sequence

and you have to turn your spaceship
into an orbiting platform.

And so you’re very busy.

So we have these books
and we’re heads down in the books

and we’re going through
all the steps and moving switches

and loading computer programs.

And I only had a brief moment of time
to kind of look out the window

and say, yep, that’s where the Earth is,
that’s exactly where it should be,

and that’s how it’s looked in all
of the pictures I’ve seen growing up.

And I got right back to work.

And so it wasn’t until I had
more of an opportunity

to gaze out the window for a while

while I was operating the robotic arm
that I could really observe the Earth.

I remember so clearly the first time
I saw a lightning storm

across a huge expanse of the ocean

and the lightning, it appeared
in different colors,

and it lights up the inside of the clouds

and it makes this kind of,
you know, dramatic pattern.

It was like having your own
laser light show laid out below you.

And the realization struck me
that this is not static.

This is not a photo.

This is our Earth,
it’s a real living system.

It’s hard to describe
how impossibly thin it looks to you

with the vast blackness
of space on one side

and our beautiful Earth on the other side

and this just incredibly thin
layer of atmosphere

that’s all that’s keeping us
and all of us alive

and every life form on Earth,

that’s all that’s keeping us alive.

And it’s a very visceral reaction,

this very strong urge to want to protect

the Spaceship Earth
that we’re all you know,

you and I are both crew members here,

and, you know, we’ve all got
to work together

to take care of this ship
that we’re moving on

through the universe.

So it was a very powerful
response to seeing that.

PM: Thank you for your work, Megan.

And what do you say, “Safe flight?”

Is there …?

MMA: We say Godspeed

or we say ad astra – to the stars.

PM: Ad astra, to the stars,
Godspeed, Megan McArthur.

Thank you.

MMA: Thank you so much, Pat.

帕特·米切尔:欢迎,梅根。

梅根麦克阿瑟:你好,帕特,
谢谢你邀请我。

PM:让我们来谈谈
我认为可能会出现

在我们许多人身上的问题。

这是不寻常的。

夫妻,

训练时认识的

,结婚的那一年

,你们分别飞上了太空。

你,在哈勃望远镜任务中

,鲍勃在建造空间站的任务中

具有讽刺意味的是,如果你的
任务出了差错或需要帮助,

鲍勃被分配
到救援艇上。

你知道,发布日对我们所有人来说都是
一个激动人心的时刻,是的。

但也有对风险的焦虑,
以及我们在观看时可能会感到的恐惧

您如何为发布日做准备?

MMA:好吧,帕特,
对我来说,最重要的事情之一

就是让我的儿子真正做好准备
,确保他做好了准备

,并且他很
享受观看父亲发射

和完成
他一直在训练的任务的经历 因为,

真的是我们儿子一生的大部分时间。

因此,当我们走到
发射控制中心的屋顶时

,我们可以看到远处的火箭
起飞,

并排成一排靠在栏杆上,

准备倒计时

,当然,我搂着他

,我们听到, “三、二、一,起飞。”

然后我们看到火箭
载着他的父亲,

你知道,从发射台上跳下来。

而对我来说,

正是这一刻,伴随着我
这么长时间的情感和情感的倾泻而出

我在哭,我在笑
,我只是在发抖。

所以我不得不放开我的儿子,
他很好,顺便说一句,

他完全没有问题。

我捂住了自己的嘴,

因为我不知道此刻在

这种完全的恐惧
和完全的喜悦

中我会发出什么样的声音。

并思考
到达那里需要什么。

我的丈夫,你知道,
一个有成就的宇航员,

一个经验丰富的空军
飞行测试工程师,

他以前是首席宇航员。

我之前曾两次目睹他发射升空

而且每次都很恐怖。

这是为什么?

你知道,当然,我爱我的丈夫,
但不仅如此。

是我爱我的丈夫

,现在我根本无法做
任何事情来影响局势。

我站在屋顶上。

我没有工作。

我没有办法贡献。

所以对我来说
,恐惧来自

于那种无助的感觉。

因此,在我的生活中,我一遍又一遍地
看到,当然

,训练和
准备可以让我们为这样的事件做好准备,

但它有投入,


能力影响你的情况

,这就是消除 恐惧
并为你平衡它。

所以教育,经验,
你必须拥有这些,

但也有发言权,有意见,

在驾驶舱里有座位

是让你
把恐惧抛在脑后的原因。

PM:但是你的儿子梅根呢?

他不会在那里。

他将在地面上看着
妈妈起飞进入太空

,就像他看着
安全返回的爸爸一样。

但是你有没有
为他做特别的准备让他看到妈妈也这样做?

MMA:嗯,

当他得知
妈妈要先进入太空时,他的

第一反应是,他告诉我,
“不,妈妈,你不能去。”

这是他的第一反应。

然后当他
对这个想法越来越满意时,

你知道,他的父亲上去回来

,然后他说,“好吧,好吧,
你可以去 30 天,

但是 180 天,太多了。

你不能 ,你不能走那么久。”

他显然也看到他父亲
经历了这一切

。所以对他来说,这已经成为
一件很正常的事情。

这是
妈妈和爸爸做的一件正常的事情。

我在俄罗斯的时候

,我们会来回阅读故事 视频会议。

我得到了
用巧克力吻装满一个罐子的想法

,然后他可以在
我离开的每一天得到妈妈的吻

。所以他非常喜欢这个想法

。PM:嗯,只是为了清楚,

这是一个很好的信息
,这个年轻人正在

了解妈妈和爸爸
做同样的工作,不是吗?

我只想提出

SpaceX 领导者 Gwynne Shotwell 的一句话,

她被问及你的去向,
以及你丈夫的 去

,她被问到你和你丈夫

在同一个飞行员座位
或宇宙飞船上飞行

。这是她回答的一部分:

“我想指出,你知道,

梅根首先是

一名宇航员,当它
来到我们的视角。”

MMA:嗯,我确实
想通过屏幕

和高五的肖特韦尔女士
说,她说 那个,

我非常欣赏那句话。

你知道,这些年
来我的情况发生了变化,我

第一次在太空飞行时

我已经结婚了,
但我还不是父母。

我和我丈夫
都以单身人士的身份来到美国宇航局

,我们
当然是在美国宇航局认识并结婚的。

作为一个家庭

,你正在为自己做这件事
是另一回事。

这也是为了更大的利益。

探索和发现的概念
是值得参与的。

我认为那个例子,

你知道,让我儿子

看到他的父母
从事这

件事,是的,它让我们远离他,

但这些都是 重要的事情要做。

PM:你还在上高中,梅根

,挑战者号宇宙飞船
不幸爆炸

,全世界都面临

着你和你的丈夫

以及其他勇敢的男女所承担的风险的现实。

我记得那一刻

,每次发射时我仍然屏住呼吸。

那么,您如何
在知道风险是真实的

和您准备
好去做必须做

的事情和想要完成的事情之间找到平衡呢?

MMA:嗯,让
我们感到准备和参与的关键

是真正的训练。

所以我们训练自己进入那个座位。

您实际上花费了数百个小时
以各种可能的方式进行准备。 基本上,

我们将每个系统
分解成小块。

我们有这些优秀的教练,

他们基本上都是专业的
教练

,他们确切地
知道我们需要什么

来学习这些系统的里里外外。

所以,有点,一次一个系统,

然后他们把所有系统放在一起

,然后他们打破他们能想到打破的每一个可能的事情

所以你必须,作为一个团队,作为一个工作人员,

解决这些问题 问题,并
共同努力度过难关。

他们这样做的

原因并不是因为他们认为
那些确切的事情将会发生。

是为了建立你。

你向自己证明,

当一些非常
糟糕的事情发生时,你有能力工作,

并让你的处境变得更好。

即将发生的事情

不一定是他们向您展示
的特定的一个

甚至一百个不同的场景

但是你已经工作
并且你已经发展了你的技能

,这将支持你解决
你可能遇到的任何问题,

不仅仅是作为船上的船员,

但现在你已经
与地面上的整个团队一起工作,

而且你 知道你们将能够
一起解决这些情况

PM:你有没有
感到恐惧、

真正的恐惧或者只是没有准备的时候?

MMA:几年前,
我有机会,我会说是机会,

但我有过
“自愿

”担任助理导演工作的情况。

这是
我非常不愿意做

的事情,我没有为此做好准备,

我觉得我
没有合适的技能

,我觉得
我不会擅长它。

这些都不是好的感觉。 帕特

,你的书中有一段
话,你说:

“我在某个时候意识到,准备好

可能意味着准备
好在做的时候快速学习。”

而且,你知道,那个表达,


正是成为一名宇航员的意思。

我知道该怎么做。

我可以在工作
中学习,我可以快速学习。

所以我确实潜入了这份工作,

并且在工作中我确实学得很快。

我不能说我是
担任这份工作的最佳人选,

但对我
来说,尽我最大的努力

并成为这个新团队的一员对我来说很重要。

女性特别容易
出现这种情况,我们认为,

“哦,我没有接受过培训,
我以前没有做过这样的工作。

我做不到。”

但你可以做到。

你掌握
了你已经开发的

所有技能以及
你正在做的所有其他事情,


在你快速学习的同时使用它们来支持你。

PM: 这么好的建议,梅根,

我不会通过
飞入太空来学习,

而是
利用我们可以通过实践学习

并做好准备的知识,这非常重要。

你如何描述离开地球后
你个人的变化

MMA:但是一开始,
当我第一次发射到太空时,

你很忙,你知道,

在这艘刚刚
完成发射序列

的宇宙飞船上,你必须把你的宇宙飞船
变成一个轨道平台。

所以你很忙。

所以我们有这些
书,我们埋头苦读

,我们正在经历
所有的步骤,移动开关

和加载计算机程序。

我只有很短的
时间看向

窗外说,是的,这就是地球所在的地方,
这正是它应该在的地方

,这就是
我在成长过程中看到的所有照片中的样子 .

我马上回去工作。

所以直到我有
更多的

机会凝视窗外一段时间

,我正在操作机械臂
,我才真正观察到地球。

我记得很清楚我第一次

看到大片海洋

和闪电的闪电,它
以不同的颜色出现

,它照亮了云层的内部,

形成了这种,
你知道的,戏剧性的图案 .

就像在您的
下方布置了自己的激光表演一样。

我突然
意识到这不是一成不变的。

这不是照片。

这是我们的地球,
它是一个真正的生命系统。

很难描述
它对你来说是多么的薄,一边

是巨大的黑暗
,另一边是

我们美丽的地球

,这
层非常薄的大气层

是让我们
和我们所有人活着

以及每一种生命形式的全部 在地球上,

这就是让我们活着的一切。

这是一种非常发自内心的反应,

这种非常强烈的想要保护

地球飞船的冲动
,我们都是你所知道的,

你和我都是这里的船员,

而且,你知道,我们都必须

共同努力 照顾
我们正在

穿越宇宙的这艘船。

因此,看到这一点,这是一个非常有力的
回应。

PM:谢谢你的工作,梅根。

你说什么,“安全飞行?”

在那儿 …?

MMA:我们说 Godspeed

或者我们说 ad astra——对星星。

PM:Ad astra,致星星,
Godspeed,Megan McArthur。

谢谢你。

MMA:非常感谢,帕特。