How Can We Solve the College Student Mental Health Crisis

a few years ago

i attended a conference that brought

together faculty members and

administrators

from universities all over the country

and as a psychologist who works in

higher education

i was eager to attend because one of the

goals of this conference

was to see if we could gain insight into

a question

that is on the mind of every college

administrator from coast to coast

which is how can we solve the college

student mental health crisis

now just a year before this conference

took place

the chronicle of higher education

surveyed more than a hundred college

presidents

asking them to report their most

pressing concerns outside of the

classroom

and according to the chronicle 66

of these leaders identified student

mental health as the

top issue which far outweighed any of

the other concerns that made the list

and this finding is not altogether

surprising when you consider that in

recent years

the proportion of students suffering

from depression and anxiety

has been skyrocketing well on the second

day of this conference

which was being held on a beautiful

college campus on the east coast

during a week with lovely fall weather

that was sunny and warm

i decided to play a little hooky and go

for a walk outside

and as i was making my way around campus

i happened upon the admissions office

where i was told an admissions

presentation was scheduled to begin just

minutes later

so out of curiosity i joined this group

of other campus visitors

and we were led to this admissions

presentation

which just so happened to be in the

exact same building as the conference i

was attending

the admissions presentation was upstairs

the conference where i was supposed to

be was

downstairs but it turns out that by

attending this admissions presentation i

wasn’t playing hooky at all

because it was there that i gained even

more insight into the college student

mental health crisis

than i did at the conference itself and

probably not for reasons the admissions

office would have expected

this admissions officer spent 45 minutes

telling us what made that institution

great

she told us all about the experiences

the students were having that were

great she shared stories of students

doing internships

and pursuing research with faculty she

told us all about the student

organizations the campus activities

the dorms the rec center the food

making quite a compelling case that

being a college student today

is great

but then i remembered the real reason i

was on campus that day

and it occurred to me that although this

admissions officer may have been telling

the truth

she wasn’t telling the whole truth

because

while she was upstairs painting this

idyllic picture of the college

experience

just downstairs were hundreds of faculty

members and administrators

discussing data sets like those from the

american college health association

showing that over the last year 66

percent of students

reported feeling overwhelming anxiety

and 46 percent of students reported

feeling

so depressed they could not function

which collectively was a glaring

reminder

that the portrayals of college that are

being delivered to prospective students

and the actual lived experiences of

students

in college are often vastly different

from one another

and that stark contrast could provide

some insight

into what has been fueling the college

student mental health

crisis one of the ways that

psychologists conceptualize happiness

is with a simple formula happiness

equals

what we have divided by what we want

in other words your happiness as a

college student

is determined not only by all of the

wonderful experiences you will

have during college it’s also affected

by what you

want college to be like and what you

expect

college to be like since 2014

i have been the faculty advisor for

washu’s peer counseling center

and at the end of every year i ask the

undergraduate co-directors of this

organization

what they believe to be the primary

driver

of today’s student mental health crisis

and reliably the one phrase that comes

up

year after year is unrealistic

expectations many students start college

without a realistic sense of what the

experience is

actually going to be like and it makes

sense why

many of these students spent the latter

half of high school

attending admissions presentations and

going on

campus tours each one with loftier

promises than the last

and those messages are compounded by the

cultural myths

that have been propagated in the movies

and on social media

and by society in general all of which

have sensationalized college

as the best four years of your life

and then those students get to college

and they face inevitable difficulties

and they compare their actual

experiences

with those lofty expectations they

developed

and very often they are left with no

other conclusion to draw

than that they are doing college

incorrectly or

even worse that they do not belong there

at

all now i certainly don’t mean to pick

on my friends in admissions

or to suggest that they are doing

anything wrong or that they need to be

doing anything differently

in fact i think it’s important that they

offer these presentations

to get students excited about college

but i also think it’s important for

prospective students

and their families to understand that

there’s more to

the story than just what you see on the

college admissions tour

or in the movies or on social media

and those other parts of the story have

got to be delivered from someone

somewhere so as a psychologist who has

spent the last decade working on a

college campus

this is my message to new students

first of all you absolutely should be

excited about all of the wonderful

experiences

and the classes and the professors and

the relationships and the adventures

that will fill the numerator of that

happiness formula

during your college years but the other

thing you should do

in the interest of your mental health

during college

is to be mindful about some of the other

expectations you are bringing with you

that could be over inflating the

denominator

of that formula because if what you want

is for college to be perfect and if you

visit a campus and you leave

believing that you have found the

perfect place and a destination where

you’re going to be happy all the time

i hate to be the one to have to break

this to you but if those are your

expectations

you very likely are setting yourself up

for disappointment

and at some point you’re going to end up

disillusioned

because if you’re doing college

correctly there are going to be hard

times you’re going to have roommate

conflicts

you’re going to take classes that leave

you feeling disappointed or that you

feel are unfair

you’re going to pursue extracurriculars

or internship experiences

that you have your heart set on that you

still don’t get to be a part of

and that’s the case no matter where you

go you’re going to face adversity

but one of the things i’ve learned from

studying the happiness of college

students over the years

is that the happiest students aren’t

happy all the time

rather the happiest students have

realistic expectations

about the challenges that are in store

for them during

college and they have thought about that

ahead of time

and they come equipped with the

strategies that will allow them to

cope effectively or at very least they

know who to turn to for help

in those moments remember

college is great but

part of what will make college great

will be the ways that you develop the

wherewithal

to overcome setbacks that come your way

so that you can stay on track toward

your dreams and aspirations

not only during college but also

throughout your life when i think back

to that conference i attended a couple

of years ago

about how to solve the college student

mental health crisis

i’m still not sure there’s anyone who

has the definitive solution

but i do think that if we can be more

open and upfront

with students about the kinds of

challenges they can expect to face

during college

along with the behaviors that will

proactively contribute to their

well-being

then maybe one day when we talk about

the mental health of college students

it will be less of a crisis and instead

have more to do with their resilience

their well-being

and their flourishing thank you

[Applause]

几年前,

我参加了一个会议,该会议

汇集了

来自全国各地大学的教职员工

和管理人员,作为一名从事高等教育工作的心理学家,

我渴望参加,因为

这次会议的目标之一

是看看我们能否获得 深入了解

每个大学

行政人员都在考虑的一个问题

,即我们如何

在本次会议召开前一年解决大学生心理健康危机

高等教育编年史对

一百多名大学校长进行了调查

要求他们在课堂外报告他们最

紧迫的担忧,

并且根据编年史

,这些领导者中有 66 位将学生的

心理健康确定为首要

问题,远远超过

了列出的任何其他问题,

当你 考虑到

近年来

学生

患抑郁症和焦虑症的比例

本次

会议在东海岸一个美丽的

大学校园

举行,为期一周,秋季

天气晴朗

温暖,会议的第二天进展顺利。

当我在校园里走来走去时,

我偶然发现了招生办公室

,有人告诉我,招生

简报计划在几分钟后开始,

所以出于好奇,我加入了

这群其他校园访客

,我们被带到了这个招生

简报 所以碰巧和

参加招生简报

的会议在同一栋楼楼上我应该去的会议在

楼下但事实证明通过

参加这个招生简报我

根本没有在逃学,

因为它 在那里,我

对大学生

心理健康危机的了解

比在会议本身上更深入,

可能不是 或招生

办公室预期的原因

这位招生官花了 45 分钟

告诉我们是什么让这所学校变得如此

出色

她向我们讲述

了学生们所拥有的

很棒的经历 她与我们分享了学生

实习

和与教师一起进行研究的

故事 所有关于学生

组织 校园

活动 宿舍 娱乐中心 食物

令人信服的理由是

,今天成为一名大学生

很棒,

但后来我想起了那天我在校园里的真正原因,我

突然想到

,虽然这次

招生 警官可能一直在

说真话,

但她并没有说全真话,

因为

当她在楼上

描绘大学经历的这幅田园诗般的画面时,

楼下有数百名

教职员工和管理人员在

讨论美国大学健康协会的数据集,这些数据集

表明 在过去的一年里,66

% 的学生

报告了 fe 消除了压倒性的焦虑

,46% 的学生表示

感到

非常沮丧,以至于无法正常工作

,这共同

提醒人们,向未来学生提供的大学描述与大学

学生

的实际生活经历

往往大不相同

这种鲜明的对比可以让我们

深入了解导致

大学生心理健康

危机的原因

心理学家对幸福概念化的一种方式

是用一个简单的公式幸福

等于

我们所拥有的除以我们想要

的,换句话说,你作为

大学的幸福

学生不仅取决于

在大学期间将拥有的所有美好经历,而且还

受到您

希望大学是什么样子以及您

期望

大学是什么样子的影响自 2014 年以来,

我一直是

washu 同伴咨询中心

和在 每年年底,我都会问

本科生的联合主任 这个

组织

他们认为是

当今学生心理健康危机的主要驱动力,

并且可靠的是

年复一年出现的一句话是不切实际的

期望 许多学生在开始上大学时并

没有对实际

体验的

实际情况有一个现实的认识,它 这是

有道理的,为什么

这些学生中的许多人在高中的后

半段

参加了招生简报和

校园参观,每个人

都比上一个人做出了更崇高的承诺,

而这些信息又被

电影和社交媒体中传播的文化神话所加剧

整个社会

都把大学

当作你生命中最好的四年来耸人听闻

,然后这些学生上了大学

,他们面临不可避免的困难

,他们将自己的实际

经历

与他们所培养的崇高期望进行比较,而且

他们常常被留下

除了他们正在上大学之外,没有其他结论可以

得出 正确

甚至更糟的是,他们现在根本

不属于那里 他们

提供这些演讲是

为了让学生对大学感到兴奋,

但我也认为对于

未来的学生

和他们的家人来说,了解

这个故事不仅仅是你在

大学招生之旅

、电影或社交媒体

上看到的内容,这很重要 故事的其他部分

必须从某个地方的某个人那里得到,

所以作为一个

在过去十年里一直在

大学校园工作的心理学家,

这是我给新生的信息,

首先,你绝对应该

对所有美妙的经历感到兴奋

以及在你的大学期间将填补幸福公式分子的课程和教授

以及人际关系和冒险

e 年,但在大学期间

为了您的心理健康,您应该做的另一件事

是注意您带来的其他一些期望,这些

期望可能会夸大

该公式的分母,因为如果您想要的

是 大学是完美的,如果你

参观了一个校园,你离开时

相信你已经找到了一个

完美的地方和一个

你会一直快乐

的目的地

这些是您的

期望,

您很可能

会让自己失望,

并且在某些时候您最终会

失望,

因为如果您正确地上大学

,那么

您将遇到困难时期,您将遇到室友

冲突 重新参加让

你感到失望或你

觉得不公平的课程

你将追求你一心想要

仍然没有得到的课外活动或实习经历 成为其中的一员

,无论你

去哪里,你都会面临逆境,

但我从多年来研究大学生幸福感中学到的一件事

是,最幸福的学生并不

幸福

最快乐的学生对大学期间面临的挑战抱有

切合实际的期望

,他们已经提前考虑了这一点

并且他们配备了

能够让他们有效应对的策略,

或者至少他们

知道谁

在那些时刻寻求帮助记住

大学是伟大的,但让大学变得伟大

的一部分将是你开发

必要的资金

来克服你遇到的挫折,

这样你就可以继续朝着

你的梦想和抱负前进

当我

回想起几年前我参加的

关于如何解决大学生

心理健康危机的会议时,在大学期间以及你的一生中

我仍然不确定是否有任何人

有明确的解决方案,

但我确实认为,如果我们能够更加

开放和坦率地

与学生讨论

他们在大学期间可能面临的各种挑战

以及将

主动为他们做出贡献的行为

那么也许有一天当我们谈论

大学生的心理健康时,

这将不再是一场危机,

而是更多地与他们的韧性、

幸福感

和蓬勃发展有关,谢谢

[掌声]