My friend Richard Feynman Leonard Susskind

I decided when I was asked to do this

that what I really wanted to talk about

was my friend Richard fine length I was

one of the fortunate few that really did

get to know him and enjoyed his presence

and I’m going to tell you the Richard

Feynman that I knew I’m sure there are

other people here who could tell you

about the Richard Feynman they knew and

it would probably be a different Richard

finding Richard Feynman was a very

complex man he was a man of many many

parts he was of course foremost a very

very very great scientist he was an

actor you saw him act I also had the

good fortune to be in those lectures up

in the balcony they were fantastic he

was a philosopher he was a drum player

he was a teacher par excellence Richard

Feynman was also a showman an enormous

showman he was brash reverent he was

full of macho a kind of macho

one-upsmanship he loved intellectual

battle he had a gargantuan ego but the

man had somehow a lot of room at the

bottom and what I mean by that is a lot

of room in my case I can’t speak for

anybody else but in my case a lot of

room for another big ego well not as big

as his but fairly big I always felt good

with dick Fineman it was always fun to

be with him he always made me feel smart

how can somebody like that make you feel

smart somehow he did he made me feel

smart he made me feel he was smart he

made me feel we were both smart and the

two of us could solve any problem

whatever and in fact we did sometimes do

physics together we never published a

paper together but we did have a lot of

fun um he loved to win when these little

macho games that we would sometimes play

and he didn’t only play in with me he

played him with all sorts of people he

would almost always win

but when he didn’t win when he lost he

would laugh and seemed to have just as

much fun as if he had one I remember

once he told me of a story about a joke

that the students played on him they

took him I think it was for his birthday

they took him for lunch and they took

him for lunch in a to a sandwich place

in pasadena may still exist I don’t know

celebrity sandwiches was their thing you

could get a Marilyn Monroe sandwich we

get a Humphrey Bogart sandwich the

students went there in advance and they

arranged that they would all order

Fineman sandwiches one after another

they came in and ordered Fineman

sandwiches finding love the story he

told me the story and he was really

happy and laughing when he finished the

story I said to him dick you know I

wonder what would be the difference

between a Fineman sandwich and a

Susskind sandwich and without skipping a

beat at all he said well a Suskin said

that’d be about the same the only

difference is the Susskind sandwich

would have a lot more ham ham as in bad

actor well I happen to have been very

quick that day and I said yeah but a lot

less Bologna

the truth of the matter the truth of the

matter is that a Fineman sandwich had a

load of ham but absolutely no baloney

we’re fine men hated worse than anything

else was intellectual pretense phone

eNOS false sophistication jargon I

remember to some time during the 80s the

mid-80s dick and I and Sidney Coleman

would meet a couple of times we met a

couple of times up in San Francisco at

some very rich guys house up in San

Francisco for dinner and the last time

the rich guy invited us he also invited

a couple of philosophers these guys were

philosophers of mind that specialty was

the philosophy of consciousness and they

were full of all kinds of jargon trying

to remember the words monism dualism

categories all over the place I didn’t

know what those things meant needed the

deck and neither the Sydney for that

matter and what did we talk about well

what do you talk about when you talk

about minds one thing is one obvious

thing to talk about can a machine become

a mind can you build a machine that

thinks like a human being that is

conscious we SAT around and we talked

about this we of course never resolved

it but the trouble with the

Philosopher’s is that they were

philosophizing when they should have

been science' fising it’s a scientific

question after all and this was a very

very dangerous thing to do around dick

Feynman finding let him have it both

barrels right between the eyes it was

brutal it was funny who it was funny but

who was it was really brutal he really

popped their balloon but the amazing

thing was after finally had to leave a

little early he wasn’t he wasn’t feeling

too well so he left a little bit early

and Sydney and I were left there with

the two philosophers and the amazing

thing is these guys were flying they was

so happy they had met the great man they

had been instructed by the great man

they had an enormous amount of fun

having their faces shoved in the mud

and it was something special I realized

there was something just extraordinary

about Fineman even when he even when he

did what he did dick he was my friend I

did call him dick dick and I had a

certain little bit of rapport I think it

may have been a special rapport that he

and I had we liked each other we liked

the same kind of things I also like the

kind of intellectual sort of macho games

sometimes I would win mostly he would

win but we both enjoyed them and dick

became convinced at some point that he

and I had some kind of similarity of

personality I don’t think he was right i

think the only point of similarity

between us is we both like to talk about

ourselves but um he got he was convinced

of this and he was curious the man was

incredibly curious and he wanted to

understand what it was and why it was

that that there was this funny

connection and one day we were walking

with in france we were in Liz uche we

were up in the mountains 1976 we were up

in the mountains and finally said to me

he said Leonardo the reason I called me

Leonardo is because we were in Europe

and he was practicing his French and he

said Leonardo were you closer to your

mother or to your father when you were a

kid and I said well my real hero was my

father he was a working man had a

fifth-grade education he was a master

mechanic and he taught me how to use

tools he taught me all sorts of things

about mechanical things even taught me

the Pythagorean theorem he didn’t call

it the hypotenuse he called it the

shortcut distance and fineman’s eyes

just opened up he went off like a light

bulb and he said you know he had had

basically exactly the same relationship

with his father in fact he had been

convinced at one time that to be a good

physicist that it was very important to

have had that kind of relationship with

your father I apologize for the sexist

the conversation here but this is the

way it really happened

he said he had been absolutely convinced

that this was necessary necessary part

of the growing up of a young physicist

being dick he of course wanted to check

this he wanted to go out and do an

experiment so left he did he went out

and did an experiment he asked all his

friends that he thought were good

physicist was it your mom or your pop

that influenced you and to a man they

were all men to a man every single one

of them said my mother there went that

theory down down the trashcan of history

but he was very excited that he finally

met somebody who had the same experience

as with his far my father was he had

with his father and for some time he was

convinced this was the reason that we

got along so well I don’t know maybe who

knows but let me tell you a little bit

about finding the physicist finance

style now now style is not the right

word style makes you think of the bow

tie he mighta war or the suit he was

wearing there’s something much deeper

than that but I can’t think of another

word for it finance scientific style was

always to look for the simplest most

elementary solution to a problem that

was possible if it wasn’t possible you

had to use something fancier but and no

doubt part of this was his great joy and

pleasure in showing people that he could

think more simply than they could but he

also deeply believed he truly believed

that if you couldn’t explain something

simply you didn’t understand it um in

the 1950s people were trying to figure

out how superfluid helium worked there

was a theory it was due to a Russian

mathematical physicist and it was a

complicated theory i’ll tell you what

that theory was soon enough it was a

terribly complicated theory full of very

difficult integrals and formulas and

mathematics and so forth and it sort of

work but then work very well the only

way it worked is when the helium atoms

were very very far apart the helium

atoms had to be very far away and

unfortunately the helium atoms in liquid

helium our island

of each other finally decided as a sort

of amateur helium physicist that he

would try to figure it out he had the

idea very clear idea he would try to

figure out what the quantum wave

function of this huge number of atoms

look like you would try to visualize it

guided by a small number of simple

principles the small number of simple

principles were very very simple the

first one was that when helium atoms

touch each other they repel the

implication of that is that the wave

function has to go to zero as to vanish

when the helium atoms touch each other

the other fact is that the ground state

the lowest energy state of a quantum

system the wave function is always very

smooth has the minimum number of Wiggles

so he sat down anyway I imagine he had

nothing more than a simple piece of

paper and a pencil and he tried to write

down and did write down the simplest

function that he could think of which

had the boundary conditions that the

wave function vanished when things touch

and is smooth in between he wrote down a

simple thing it was so simple in fact

that I suspect a smart really smart high

school student that we didn’t even have

calculus could understand what he wrote

down the thing was that that simple

thing that he wrote down explained

everything that was known at the time

about liquid helium and then some I’ve

always wondered whether the

professionals the real professional

helium physicists were just a little bit

embarrassed by this they had their super

powerful technique they couldn’t do as

well incidentally I’ll tell you what

that super powerful technique was it was

the technique of Fineman diagrams

he did it again in 1968 in 1968 in my

own University I wasn’t there at the

time but 1968 they were exploring the

structure of the proton the proton is

obviously made of a whole bunch of

little particles this was more or less

known and the way to analyze it was of

course Fineman diagrams that’s what

Feynman diagrams were constructed for to

understand particles the experiments

that were going on were very simple you

simply take the proton and you hit it

really sharply with an electron this was

the thing that Fineman diagrams before

the only problem was that Fineman

diagrams are complicated the difficult

date the girls if you could do all of

them you would have a very precise

theory but you couldn’t they were just

too complicated people were trying to do

them you could do all one loop diagram

don’t worry about one loop one loop to

loop maybe you could do a three loop

diagram but behind that you couldn’t do

anything finances forget all of that

just think of the proton as an

assemblage of little puffs swarm of

little particles he called importance

you call them part on Z so just think of

it as a swarm of pythons moving real

fast because they’re moving real fast

relativity says the internal motions go

very slow the electron hits it suddenly

it’s like taking a very sudden snapshot

of the proton what do you see you see a

frozen bunch of part ons they don’t move

and because they don’t move during the

course of the experiment you don’t have

to worry about how they’re moving you

don’t have to worry about the forces

between them you just get to think of it

as a population of frozen parton’s this

was the key to analyzing these

experiments extremely effective it

really did somebody said the word

revolution is a bad word I suppose it is

I won’t say revolution but it certainly

evolved very very deeply our

understanding of the of the proton and

if particles beyond that well I had some

more that I was going to tell you about

my connection with finding what he was

like but I see I have exact

a half a minute so I think I’ll just

finish up by saying I actually don’t

think Fineman would have liked this

event I think he would have said you

know this is uh I don’t need this but

how should we honor Fineman how should

we really not a fine man I think the

answer is we should honor fine men by

getting as much baloney out of our own

sandwiches as we can thank you

当我被要求做这件事时

,我决定我真正想谈论的

是我的朋友 Richard Fine length,我是

少数真正

了解他并享受他的存在的幸运者之一

,我要告诉你 理查德

费曼我知道我敢肯定这里还有

其他人可以告诉你

他们认识的理查德费曼,

这可能会是一个不同的理查德

发现理查德费曼是一个非常

复杂的人他是一个有很多方面的人

他是 当然首先是一位非常

非常非常伟大的科学家他是一个

演员你看过他表演我也

有幸参加了

在阳台上的那些讲座他们太棒了他

是一位哲学家他是一名鼓手

他是一位出色的老师 理查德·

费曼也是一个表演者 一个巨大的

表演者 他傲慢虔诚 他

充满男子气概 一种男子气概

的独断专行 他喜欢智力

斗争 他有一个巨大的自我,但这

个人在底部有很大的空间,

而我 就我而言,这是很大

的空间我不能代表

其他任何人,但在我的情况下,还有很多

空间可以容纳另一个大自我,虽然没有

他那么大,但相当大

和他在一起很有趣 他总是让我觉得自己很聪明

这样的人怎么能让你觉得很

聪明 他做到了 他让我觉得很

聪明 他让我觉得他很聪明 他

让我觉得我们都很聪明

我们两个可以解决 任何问题

,事实上,我们有时会

一起做物理,我们从未一起发表过

论文,但我们确实

玩得很开心

他和各种各样的人玩他

几乎总是会赢

,但当他输了没有赢时,他

会笑,似乎和

他有一个一样有趣我记得有

一次他告诉我一个故事

学生们对他开的一个玩笑他们

带走了他我认为这是为了他的双 那天

他们带他吃午饭 他们带他去帕萨迪纳

的一个三明治店吃午饭

可能还存在 我不知道

名人三明治是他们的菜 你

可以买一个玛丽莲梦露三明治 我们

买一个汉弗莱鲍嘉三明治

学生们去了那里 提前

他们安排他们

一个接一个地点Fineman三明治

他们进来点了Fineman

三明治 寻找爱情 他

给我讲了这个故事

他说完

我对他说的故事时真的很开心和笑 迪克你知道 我

想知道

Fineman 三明治和 Susskind 三明治有什么区别,

他一点也不跳,

Suskin 说差不多,唯一的

区别是 Susskind 三明治

会有更多的火腿火腿 在糟糕的

演员中,我碰巧

那天很快,我说是的,但

博洛尼亚要少得多

事情的真相 事情的

真相是,一个 Fineman 三明治有

很多 火腿,但绝对不是胡说八道,

我们是好男人最讨厌的

是智力伪装电话

eNOS虚假复杂的行话我

记得在80年代的某个时候,80年代

中期的家伙,我和西德尼科尔曼

会见过几次,我们遇到了一个

有几次在旧金山的

一些非常有钱的人家里

吃晚饭,最后

一次有钱人邀请我们时,他还邀请

了几个哲学家,这些人

是心灵哲学家,专长

是意识哲学,他们

到处都是各种行话,

试图记住一元论二元论

类别这些词我不

知道这些东西是什么意思需要

甲板,悉尼

也不需要,我们谈得很好

你谈什么 当您谈论思想时,要谈论

一件显而易见的

事情 机器能否

成为思想 您能否制造出

像人类一样思考的机器 有

意识 我们坐下来 我们

谈到了这个,当然我们从来没有解决

它,但

哲学家的问题在于,他们本

应该是科学的时候却在进行哲学思考,因为

这毕竟是一个科学

问题,

在迪克·费曼身边做这件事是一件非常非常危险的事情

发现让他把它两个

桶都夹在两眼之间,这很

残酷,这很有趣

他感觉

不太好,所以他有点早离开了

,悉尼和我和两位哲学家一起留在了那里

,令人惊奇

的是这些人正在飞行,他们

很高兴遇到了他们

所指导的伟人 伟大的人

,他们的脸被推到泥里,他们玩得很开心

,这很特别

他确实是我的朋友 我

确实称他为 dick dick 我有

一点融洽的关系 我认为这

可能是一种特别的融洽关系

那种智力型的男子气概游戏

有时我

会赢,但他会赢,但我们都很喜欢,迪克

在某些时候开始相信他

和我有某种相似的

性格我不认为他是对的我

认为

我们之间唯一的相似之处是我们都喜欢谈论

自己,但是嗯,他确信他

对此深信不疑,他很好奇这个人

非常好奇,他想

了解它是什么以及为什么

会有这样的有趣

联系,有一天我们

在法国散步,我们在 Liz uche,

我们在山上 1976 我们

在山上,最后对我

说他说莱昂纳多,我叫我莱昂纳多的原因

是因为我们在欧洲

,他 是实习的 用他的法语,他

说莱昂纳多在你小时候更接近你的

母亲或父亲

,我说我真正的英雄是我的

父亲,他是一名工人,受过

五年级教育,他是一名

机械师,他 教我如何使用

工具 他教我各种

关于机械的东西 甚至教

我勾股定理 他不

称之为斜边 他称之为

捷径 法恩曼的眼睛

刚睁开 他像灯泡一样熄灭了

他说你知道他和他父亲的

关系基本上是一模一样的

事实上他曾

一度确信要成为一名优秀的

物理学家,

你的父亲有这种关系非常重要我为性别歧视者道歉

谈话在这里,但这是

真正发生的方式

他说他绝对

相信这

是一个年轻的物理学家成长过程中必不可少的一部分,

他当然想检查

一下 他是不是想出去做一个

实验所以离开了他做了他

出去做了一个实验他问他所有的

朋友他认为是好

物理学家是你妈妈或你的流行音乐

影响了你吗?对一个男人来说,他们

都是男人 他们每个人都对一个男人

说,我母亲在那里把这个

理论从历史的垃圾桶里记下来了,

但他非常兴奋,因为他终于

遇到了一个

和他父亲有着相同经历的人,他和他父亲的经历是一样

的 有一段时间他

确信这

就是我们相处得如此融洽

的原因

他可能会打仗的领结或他穿的西装,比

这更深刻

,但我想不出另一个

词来形容它。金融科学风格

总是为一个问题寻找最简单

最基本的解决方案,

如果它可能的话 不可能你

必须使用更花哨的东西,但毫无

疑问,部分原因是他非常高兴和

高兴地向人们展示他

可以比他们更简单地思考,但他

也深信他真的相信

,如果你无法解释 一些

你根本不理解的东西 嗯,

在 1950 年代,人们试图

弄清楚超流氦是如何工作的,

有一个理论是由一位俄罗斯

数学物理学家提出的,这是一个

复杂的理论

够了,这是一个

非常复杂的理论,充满了非常

困难的积分、公式和

数学等等,它有点

工作,但工作得很好,唯一

的工作方式是当氦

原子相距非常非常远时,氦

原子必须 非常遥远,

不幸的是,液氦中的氦原子

我们

彼此的岛屿最终决定作为一个

业余氦物理学家,他

会试图弄清楚他有这个

想法 清晰的想法他会试图

弄清楚大量原子的量子波

函数是

什么样子你会尝试在

少数简单原理的指导下将其可视化少量简单

原理非常非常简单

第一个是 当氦原子

相互接触时,它们排斥这意味着当氦原子相互接触时

函数必须变为零才能消失

另一个事实是基态

是量子系统的最低能量状态

波 函数总是非常

流畅 摆动次数最少,

所以他无论如何都坐下来了 我想他

只有一张简单的

纸和一支铅笔,他试图

写下并写下

了他能想到的最简单的函数

有边界条件,

当物体接触时波函数消失

并且在两者之间是平滑的,他写下了一个

简单的东西,事实上它是如此简单,

以至于我怀疑一个聪明人真的很聪明

我们甚至没有

微积分的高中生都能理解他

写下的事情是他写下的那件简单的

事情解释

了当时所知道的

关于液氦的一切,然后我

一直想知道

专业人士是否 真正的专业

氦物理学家对此感到有些

尴尬,他们有他们的超级

强大的技术,他们

做不到顺便说一句,我会告诉你

那个超级强大的技术是什么,是

他再次使用的 Fineman 图的技术 1968 年 1968 年在我

自己的大学 我当时不在,

但 1968 年他们正在探索

质子的结构 质子

显然是由一大堆

小粒子组成的,这或多或少是

众所周知的,分析它的方法是

当然,

费曼图就是为理解粒子而构建的费曼图

,正在进行的实验非常简单,您

只需将质子和 你

用电子击中它真的很厉害,这

是 Fineman 图表

之前唯一的问题是 Fineman

图表很复杂

如果你能做到所有这些女孩的困难日期

你会有一个非常精确的

理论,但你不能他们 只是

太复杂了人们试图做

他们你可以做所有一个循环图

不用担心一个循环一个循环一个

循环也许你可以做一个三循环

图但在这之后你

什么也做不了财务忘记所有这些

把质子想象成

一堆他称之为重要性的小粒子的集合,

你称它们为 Z 上的一部分,所以把

它想象成一群蟒蛇移动得非常

快,因为它们移动得非常快,

相对论说内部运动会去

非常缓慢的电子突然撞击

它就像拍摄质子的一个非常突然的

快照你看到了什么你看到了

一堆冻结的部分它们不会移动

并且因为它们在 cou 期间不会移动

不必担心它们是如何移动的 你

不必担心

它们之间的力 你只需把它想象

成一群冷冻的部分 这

是分析这些实验的关键

非常有效,

确实有人说“

革命”这个词是个坏词

本来打算告诉你

我与找到他的

样子的关系,但我知道我

有半分钟的时间,所以我想我会

说我实际上不

认为 Fineman 会喜欢这个

活动,我认为他 我会说你

知道这是呃我不需要这个但是

我们应该如何尊重 Fineman

我们真的不是一个好人

谢谢你